<p>This thesis is based on the present needs for the factory planning support, of which the most important ones are:</p><p>• A structured reuse of knowledge and support for industries. Because today the industry handbook in factory planning is not satisfying enough to support this complex process.</p><p>• Better methods to represent and communicate data between software within the factory layout area for easier data communication and thereby information access, exchange and reuse.</p><p>To support the factory planning, based on the mentioned needs, a mapping of the present factory planning process is made based on knowledge from industry and academy. Since the factory planning process is a huge and complex process that no one can handle by themself, a puzzle work is performed. Based on gathered information and knowledge an activity model is developed, to structure the data and information. The model gives a better overview on the actual course of events and in this way also “captures” the most important information to be represented for data exchange among different software applications and different people.</p><p>In this thesis the most important information in factory layout is gathered and structured in a concept model for factory layout. Since the concepts depend on the context in which they are used, it is extremely important to present every concept in its relationship with other related concepts within the area.  A general theory and state-of-the-art definitions in the area is presented and discussed for a factory planning information management system. An evaluation and discussion is made for the state-of-the-art software in the area of concern.</p>

This thesis is based on the present needs for the factory planning support, of which the most important ones are: • A structured reuse of knowledge and support for industries. Because today the industry handbook in factory planning is not satisfying enough to support this complex process. • Better methods to represent and communicate data between software within the factory layout area for easier data communication and thereby information access, exchange and reuse. To support the factory planning, based on the mentioned needs, a mapping of the present factory planning process is made based on knowledge from industry and academy. Since the factory planning process is a huge and complex process that no one can handle by themself, a puzzle work is performed. Based on gathered information and knowledge an activity model is developed, to structure the data and information. The model gives a better overview on the actual course of events and in this way also “captures” the most important information to be represented for data exchange among different software applications and different people. In this thesis the most important information in factory layout is gathered and structured in a concept model for factory layout. Since the concepts depend on the context in which they are used, it is extremely important to present every concept in its relationship with other related concepts within the area.  A general theory and state-of-the-art definitions in the area is presented and discussed for a factory planning information management system. An evaluation and discussion is made for the state-of-the-art software in the area of concern.

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Scania needs to reconfigure their factories quickly to meet the future demands of the market. The process of reconfiguring factories starts with the factory layouts. Factory design is a complicated detail-oriented process, and if major physical changes on the factory floor and installations fail, it affects the entire production flow. It is an expensive and time consuming process to rectify these errors. Hence, it is extremely important that the installations are both quick and accurate. So, Scania wants to investigate how Immersive Virtual Reality could be used in the Factory layout design process. This thesis addresses how to utilize VR with existing technologies at Scania, by mapping the capabilities of VR to the needs of Scania. A function of interest to Scania is the possibility to import data, such as Point Clouds, CAD Objects and Factory Layouts, to create a coordinated VR platform. After understanding the VR technology, it was proved possible to import and visualize all of these data, after exporting it to a format that was readable by the VR system. Once the VR platform was setup, based on the imported models, the next step was to evaluate the aspects of working with VR, as compared to working with Scania’s Factory CAD system –“LayCAD”. It was assessed that the Immersive VR system offers better visualization, evaluation and realization of layout changes, compared to the LayCAD system. But the use of VR requires additional skills, time and cost to setup the VR platform. Based on the degree of maturity of the VR technology and the current state of Scania, it was concluded that VR cannot yet serve as a standalone solution for layouts within Scania. For an efficient factory development process, it is more appropriate to work with both systems in combination, where Immersive VR is used as an additional visualization or verification tool for presenting and evaluating conceptual layouts. / Scania behöver omkonfigurera sina fabriker snabbt för att möta marknadens framtida krav. Processen med omkonfigurering av fabriker börjar med fabrikslayouterna. Fabriksdesign är en komplicerad detaljorienterad process, och om stora fysiska förändringar på fabrikens golv och installationer misslyckas påverkar det hela produktionsflödet. Det är en dyr och tidskrävande process att rätta till dessa fel. Därför är det extremt viktigt att installationerna är både snabba och korrekta. Så, Scania vill undersöka hur Immersive Virtual Reality (VR) kan användas i fabrikslayoutdesignprocessen. Denna avhandling beskriver hur man kan använda VR med befintlig teknik i Scania genom att kartlägga VR: s förmåga att möta Scanias behov. En funktion av intresse för Scania är möjligheten att importera data, såsom Point Clouds, CAD Objects och Factory Layouts, för att skapa en samordnad VR-plattform. Efter att ha förstått VR-tekniken visade det sig vara möjligt att importera och visualisera alla dessa data efter att ha exporterat dem till ett format som var läsbart av VR-systemet. När VR-plattformen var inställd, baserad på de importerade modellerna, var nästa steg att utvärdera aspekterna av att arbeta med VR, jämfört med att arbeta med Scanias Factory CAD-system - "LayCAD". Det bedömdes att systemet för Immersive VR ger bättre visualisering, utvärdering och realisering av layoutändringar jämfört med LayCAD-systemet. Men användningen av VR kräver ytterligare färdigheter, tid och kostnad för att installera VR-plattformen. Baserat på mognadsgraden av VR-tekniken och Scanias nuvarande IT-användning, drogs slutsatsen att VR ännu inte kan fungera som en fristående lösning för layouter inom Scania. För en effektiv fabriksutvecklingsprocess är det mer lämpligt att arbeta med båda systemen i kombination, där Immersive VR används som ett extra visualiserings- eller verifieringsverktyg för att presentera och utvärdera konceptuella layouter.

Large battery production facilities, often referred to as Gigafactories, are a complex design task that involves a lot of working disciplines. This requires good capabilities for communication and planning to be able to integrate the building, machines, and operators in the factory. This project is made within the Factory Layout and Modelling team in Blueprint at Northvolt, which is responsible for designing and scaling up the next generation of battery Gigafactories. The purpose of this thesis is to increase knowledge and further enhance a standardized workflow for how to manage machine interfaces. The empirical findings from the study are based on a qualitative study where 16 interviews were held with people working as Factory Layout Engineers, Utility Engineers, Automation Engineers, and Design Leaders. The empirical findings confirm there is a need for having a standardized way of marking up interfaces early in the design phase to mitigate the risk of design errors to occur in later stages. Based on the empirical findings the most important interfaces are the utility interfaces, material flow interfaces, the human-machine interfaces, and the civil, structural, and architectural interfaces. It is also important to mark up the operator’s movement around the machine and the areas where repair and maintenance is needed. This creates an understanding of the machine’s effective footprint area and shows the total workspace area needed around the machine. In this project, specific design guidelines and a new drawing template have been proposed to facilitate the visualization and handling of machine interfaces. Interface management is an emerging topic for production companies. During the last decade, this area has been developed as a management discipline within some large companies. In conclusion, the usage of interface management is necessary to increase communication of system boundaries and to decrease the cost when building new factories. / Stora batteriproduktionsanläggningar, ofta kallade Gigafabriker, är en komplex designuppgift som involverar många arbetsdiscipliner. Detta kräver goda förmågor för kommunikation och planering för att kunna integrera byggnaden, maskinerna och operatörerna i fabriken. Detta examensarbete genomfördes i Factory Layout and Modelling-teamet i Blueprint på Northvolt, som är ansvariga för att designa och skala upp nästa generations batterifabriker. Syftet med examensarbetet är att öka kunskapen och vidareutveckla ett standardiserat arbetsflöde för att hantera maskingränssnitt. De empiriska resultaten från studien baseras på en kvalitativ studie där 16 intervjuer genomfördes med personer som arbetar som fabriksdesigningenjörer, system-distributionsingenjörer, automationsingenjörer och projektledare. De empiriska resultaten bekräftar att det finns ett behov av ett standardiserat sätt att märka upp gränssnitt tidigt i designfasen för att minska risken för att designfel uppstår i senare skeden. Baserat på de empiriska resultaten är de viktigaste gränssnitten system-distributionsgränsnitten, materialflödesgränssnitten, människa-maskin-gränssnitten och byggnadsgränssnitten. Det är också viktigt att märka upp operatörens rörelse runt maskinen samt de områden där reparation och underhåll utförs. Detta skapar en förståelse för maskinens effektiva fotavtryck inom fabriken och visar den totala arbetsytan som behövs runt maskinen. I detta projekt har specifika designriktlinjer och en ny ritningsmall föreslagits för att kunna underlätta visualisering och hantering av maskingränssnitt. Gränssnittshantering är ett framväxande ämne för produktionsföretag. Under det senaste decenniet har detta område utvecklats som en egen ledningsdisciplin inom vissa stora företag.svis är användningen av gränssnittshantering nödvändig för att öka kommunikationen av systemgränser och för att minska kostnaderna när nya fabriker byggs.

Food industry occupies a prominent place in branch of process engineering. From design process equipment point of view, great emphasis is placed on hygienic requirements, accuracy, reliability and above all safety. The diploma thesis is focused on comprihensive design of milk heating technology for cheese production with high-temperature curd. The diploma thesis describes technological and constructional design of technology. The diploma thesis also contains basic design of measurement and regulation.