No description available.

This dissertation deals with consumption in Swedish households between 1913 and 2001. More specifically, it asks whose resources matter most in determining consumption patterns. As a second question, the dissertation also attempts to establish whether the fact that simple covariance between a spouse’s background variables implies that the spouse has any influence at all over the household’s consumption decisions. The theoretical background is mostly drawn from literature regarding intra-household allocations: on the one hand cooperative game theory and on the other hand sociological theory. Cooperative game theory establishes influence, say or power within the household as a function of the marriage’s or cohabitation’s alternative cost, i.e., the difference between the utility level for a married or cohabiting person as opposed to a single person. Sociological theory considers the contribution one makes to the total level of utility in the household, whether in the form of monetary income, household work or as something else. This is in part conceptualized as a difference between exit and voice. The dissertation’s statistical analysis uses three surveys of household expenditure conducted in 1913, 1952 and 1999-2001. They give us an excellent picture of what they actually purchased during that year. The sample sizes are 552, 596 and 3,501, respectively. The dissertation’s main result is that human capital is a previously underestimated determinant of influence in consumption decisions. As the female stock of human capital increases, so does her influence over the household’s consumption decisions. In an attempt to determine the level of democracy within households, the dissertation uses a complementary data source: a questionnaire called “The Swedish People 1955”. Here, one of the questions directed to females was whether they checked with their husbands before deciding on a purchase, as a measure of intra-household democracy. This was then regressed upon the female share of total income, ideological position and two forms of human capital, one general and one for household work. Both forms of human capital lead to democratic households, which is taken to mean that human capital is important not only because it increases labor opportunities in the event of divorce (exit) but also because it increases female voice.

Submitted by Lorena Hakak Marçal (lhakak@gmail.com) on 2016-07-15T01:32:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 main_tese.pdf: 1165233 bytes, checksum: 3c715e88460a5637db424c8ffb2ac64b (MD5) / Rejected by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br), reason: Prezada Lorena, Favor alterar seu trabalho de acordo com as normas ABNT: 1: O nome Getulio não tem acento. Favor alterar de todas as páginas que constam o nome incorreto. 2: Capa, contra-capa e demais sessões devem estar em português, língua oficial da Fundação. 3: A numeração das páginas não deve aparecer até a Introdução, porém devem contabilizar desde a primeira página. Além disso, a paginação deve estar a direita da página. 4: O título das sessões Agradecimentos, Abstract e Resumo devem ser em fonte de tamanho 12, em caixa alta, negritado e centralizado. Atenciosamente, Letícia 3799-3631 on 2016-07-15T11:53:44Z (GMT) / Submitted by Lorena Hakak Marçal (lhakak@gmail.com) on 2016-07-15T17:39:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 main_tese.pdf: 1164308 bytes, checksum: c13c0208ff92eb7996f56a8420fa7c53 (MD5) / Rejected by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br), reason: Prezada Lorena, Favor fazer a ultima alteração em seu trabalho para que possa ser aprovado: No cabeçalho, onde se encontra 'FUNDAÇÃO GETULIO VARGAS' Favor colocar "ESCOLA DE ECONOMIA DE SÃO PAULO", pois deve permanecer em português. Atenciosamente, Letícia Monteiro 3799-3631 on 2016-07-15T18:33:29Z (GMT) / Submitted by Lorena Hakak Marçal (lhakak@gmail.com) on 2016-07-15T20:34:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 main_tese.pdf: 1164303 bytes, checksum: 064ad0fc52a52bcb5d49ae307cd0359b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Letícia Monteiro de Souza (leticia.dsouza@fgv.br) on 2016-07-15T20:35:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 main_tese.pdf: 1164303 bytes, checksum: 064ad0fc52a52bcb5d49ae307cd0359b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T20:43:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 main_tese.pdf: 1164303 bytes, checksum: 064ad0fc52a52bcb5d49ae307cd0359b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-20 / Society has changed in the past decades raising questions to be asked by social scientists and their impacts on family units. In this thesis we aim to analyze how agents’ decisions on marriage and education can be interconnected assuming that men and women have preferences for intra-group marriage. In our framework we find that preferences for intra-group marriage can increase the proportion of men and women who decide to get married and study. We also show that empirically for Brazilian data there is a positive assortative mating between people with same traits, such as, education, religion or race. In addition, married couples that share the same religion tend to have the same level of schooling. We investigate how changes in marital sorting, educational composition and returns to education that occurred in Brazil in the last years can impact in household income inequality. We calculate counterfactual scenarios for Gini Coefficient keeping one of these three variables fixed in one year and comparing the counterfactual values with the actual one. If marriage were formed randomly, the Gini Coefficient would be lower than the actual one. Keeping the returns to education fixed in year 2014 we also show that the counterfactual Gini would be lower than the actual one. / A sociedade mudou nas últimas décadas abrindo a possibilidade para cientistas sociais estudarem essas mudanças e analisar os seus impactos na unidade familiar. Nesta tese pretendemos analisar como as decisões dos agentes com relação a decisão de casar e estudar pode estar conectado considerando que homens e mulheres têm preferências pelo casamento intragrupo. No modelo estudado encontramos que as preferências para o casamento intragrupo podem aumentar a proporção de homens e mulheres que decidem se casar e estudar. Mostramos também que empiricamente há um positive assortative mating entre pessoas com as mesmas características, tais como, educação, religião ou raça. Além disso, a probabilidade de casais casados na mesma religião aumenta a probabilidade dos casais estarem casados dentro do mesmo nível de escolaridade. Considerando as mudanças em como os casais se formam, a composição educacional e os retornos da educação que aconteceram no Brasil nos últimos anos, investiga-se os impactos dessas mudanças na desigualdade de renda dos casais. Calculamos cenários contrafactuais para o Coeficiente de Gini mantendo uma dessas três variáveis fixas em um determinado ano, comparando o contrafactual estimado com o Gini real. Se o casamento for formado aleatoriamente com relação à educação, o Coeficiente de Gini seria menor do que o real. Mantendo os retornos da educação fixos no ano de 2014 encontramos um Gini contrafactual menor do que o real.

Fondée sur deux analyses empiriques et sur un travail de modélisation théorique, cette thèse traite de la problématique du vieillissement de la population, en France, en termes de dépenses de biens et services de santé, et en termes de prise en charge des personnes âgées dépendantes. Dans un premier chapitre, une méthode de microsimulation dynamique est mise au point afin d'évaluer l'évolution des dépenses de médicaments remboursables (en médecine de ville) sous l'effet du vieillissement de la population et de l'évolution de l'état de santé chronique des personnes âgées. Un deuxième chapitre s'intéresse aux tenants d'une possible réforme de l'Allocation Personnalisée d'Autonomie (APA), qui viserait à récupérer sur la succession une partie des fonds versés aux personnes dépendantes. Nous développons un modèle théorique de transfert intergénérationnel en individualisant les décisions des deux membres d'une famille, un parent dépendant et un enfant aidant informel potentiel. Enfin, dans une dernière partie, nous évaluons empiriquement les facteurs modifiant la demande d'aide à domicile des bénéficiaires de l'APA, en nous concentrant, afin d'anticiper sur de possibles réformes de l'aide publique, sur l'évaluation des effets-prix dans la demande d'aide formelle. / This thesis addresses, using an elaborated theoretical model and two empirical applications, issues related to population ageing and health care expenditures as per the French context. In the first chapter, a method of dynamic microsimulation is developed to assess the evolution of outpatient reimbursable drugs expenditures as a result of the ageing population and the evolution of health status of chronically ill elderly people. The second chapter focuses on the ins and outs of a possible reform of the Personal Allowance for Autonomy (APA), which would seek to recover a portion of the funds paid to disabled elderly on the inheritance of their heirs. A theoretical model of intergenerational transfers is developed to study the individual decisions of a two-member family - a disabled parent and a child who can play the role of informal care giver. The final section presents an empirical evaluation of the factors affecting the demand of APA's recipients for home care. This work examines the price effects in the demand for formal care in order to anticipate possible reforms of public allowance.