Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-04T19:51:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 deboracristinaalves.pdf: 1853554 bytes, checksum: c3a5d6cf0a8592d968ddd01597d1c715 (MD5) / Rejected by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br), reason: on 2016-08-05T11:20:38Z (GMT) / Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-05T11:42:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 deboracristinaalves.pdf: 1853554 bytes, checksum: c3a5d6cf0a8592d968ddd01597d1c715 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-08-05T11:53:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 deboracristinaalves.pdf: 1853554 bytes, checksum: c3a5d6cf0a8592d968ddd01597d1c715 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-05T11:53:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 deboracristinaalves.pdf: 1853554 bytes, checksum: c3a5d6cf0a8592d968ddd01597d1c715 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-08 / Próximo ao efervescente clico minerador a freguesia de Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Guarapiranga apresentava a seus habitantes a possibilidade de angariar prestígio e sucesso econômico através da exploração de suas jazidas de ouro e de sua crescente e satisfatória propensão à agricultura e pecuária. Embora as riquezas adquiridas nem sempre fossem imponentes, essa região apresentou durante o século XVIII distintas características comumentemente ligadas às nações de Antigo Regime. Com famílias, muitas vezes, formadas por maridos portugueses e mulheres da região, os interesses que contornavam esses indivíduos geralmente perpassavam pela ótica do casamento, no qual era possível estabelecer diferentes alianças vantajosas entre as principais famílias de elite da freguesia. Para que então esses matrimônios fossem concretizados diversas estratégias foram realizadas, entre elas as dispensas ou banhos matrimoniais que permitiam que indivíduos consanguíneos se unissem e sujeitos portugueses se cassassem sem muita comprovação de seu celibato. A concessão de dotes foi outro artifício empregado pelas famílias na obtenção de um “bom partido” às filhas. Ao dotar as filhas com bens, como escravos, dinheiro, ouro, terras, animais entre outros, o genitor alcançava a realização do matrimônio com um indivíduo que oferecia à família privilégios sociais, econômicos e políticos e o genro, por sua vez, abiscoitava os bens dotais e se inseria na sociedade, no caso dos portugueses, como membro permanente e benquisto. Este trabalho, portanto, analisa os diferentes elementos que circundavam a sociedade da freguesia de Guarapiranga, ressaltando os artifícios empregados pelas famílias através dos casamentos e de suas aparentes características associadas ao Antigo Regime. / Nearby to the effervescent miner cycle the patronage of Nossa Senhora da Conceição de Guarapiranga presented to your inhabitants the possibility to obtain prestige and economic success through the exploration of your ore bed of gold and your crescent and satisfactory propensity to the agriculture and cattle raising. Although the richness obtained even always been magnificent, this region presented during 18th century different characteristics usually connected the nations of Old Government. With families, many times, formed to Portuguese husbands and women of region, the interests that contoured this individuals usually to pass over for optics of marriage, in the wich was possible establish different advantageous alliances between the principal affluent families of patronage. So that then this matrimonies were concretized various artifices were realized, like the dispenses or matrimonial baths hat consented what consaguineous individuals united and Portuguese vassals married without much confirmation of your celibacy. The concession of dowers was another artifice employed to the families in the acquisition of a “good catch” to the daughters. On it dower the daughters with properties, as slaves, money, gold, lands, animals and another, the father got the realization of the matrimony with an individual that offered to the family social, economic and political privileges and the son-in-law, often, stealed the dower properties and inserted in the society, in case of the Portugueses, as a permanent member and wellliked. This work, therefore, analyses the different elements that encircled the society of the patronage of Guarapiranga, emphasizing the artifices utilized for the families through the marriages and the your apparent characteristics associated to the Old Government.

We propose a model that generates a family network based on real-world family network data. We use this model to study the extent to which distances to union and the number of children characterize family networks. To determine how accurate our model is we use persistent homology to identify and compare the structure of our modeled family networks to real-world family networks. To accomplish this, we introduce the notion of a network's persistence curve, which encodes the network's set of persistence intervals. Using the bottleneck distance allows us to measure the difference in the homological structure between any pair of networks. We also study how the distribution of distance to union and the distribution of children build family networks. What we find is that these two features of distance to union and number of children allow us to fairly accurately recreate family networks at least at the level of their persistent homology.

La baisse de la fécondité permet aux couples d'investir davantage dans la scolarité de chacun de leurs enfants (évidence dans les pays occidentaux, d’Asie et d’Amérique latine). Ce postulat est l’un des arguments clés des politiques de planification familiale en Afrique subsaharienne. Pourtant, la plupart des études sur l'Afrique ont trouvé une corrélation nulle ou même une relation positive entre le nombre d'enfants dans un ménage et leur niveau de scolarité. Ces résultats mitigés sont généralement expliqués par des solidarités familiales et des transferts de ressources qui pourraient réduire la pression occasionnée par une descendance nombreuse sur les ressources du ménage, et des problèmes méthodologiques inhérents à plusieurs recherches sur la région. L’objectif principal de cette thèse était d’apporter une contribution à une meilleure compréhension des aspects méthodologiques et substantiels relatifs aux liens entre fécondité et scolarisation. Spécifiquement, la thèse visait à évaluer 1) le rôle des réseaux familiaux dans la scolarisation des enfants, 2) la simultanéité des décisions portant sur le nombre d’enfants et leur scolarisation, 3) l’impact causal du nombre d’enfants sur leur scolarisation, et 4) à comprendre les perceptions des parents sur l’école et les coûts et bénéfices de l’éducation des enfants, et dans quelle mesure ces perceptions sont prises en compte dans leurs stratégies reproductives. Quatre articles ont été rédigés en utilisant quatre sources de données complémentaires : l’Observatoire de population de Ouagadougou (OPO), l’enquête Demtrend, l’enquête santé de base et une enquête qualitative, toutes adossées à l’OPO. Dans le premier article, il est ressorti que les familles de grande taille bénéficient d’un appui plus fréquent des réseaux familiaux pour la scolarisation. De plus, les réseaux familiaux seraient en mesure de compenser l’effet négatif d’un nombre élevé d’enfants sur la scolarisation, mais seulement pour une partie de la population qui exclut les plus pauvres. Ainsi, les solidarités familiales de soutien à la scolarisation des enfants sont loin d’être généralisées. Le deuxième article a montré que les enfants dont les mères ont intentionnellement limité leur fécondité avaient de meilleures chances de scolarisation que ceux dont les mères ont connu des problèmes d’infécondité secondaire et n’ont pas atteint leur nombre d’enfants désiré. Par conséquent, les aspirations scolaires ne sont pas indépendantes des décisions de fécondité et l’hypothèse de fécondité naturelle n’est plus tenable dans ce contexte. Le troisième article a révélé, contrairement à la plupart des études antérieures sur l’Afrique subsaharienne, un effet négatif net de la taille de la fratrie sur le niveau d’éducation atteint des enfants, effet qui se renforce d’ailleurs au fur et à mesure que l’on avance dans le système éducatif. Dans le quatrième article, le discours des participants à l’enquête qualitative a indiqué que l’émergence de cette relation négative entre le nombre d’enfants et leur scolarisation dans les quartiers périphériques de Ouagadougou est intimement liée aux changements dans les coûts et bénéfices de l’éducation des enfants qui font reposer dorénavant de façon presque exclusive les dépenses scolaires sur les parents biologiques. / Lower fertility allows couples to invest more in each of their children’s schooling, a phenomenon that has been observed in Western rich countries, Asia and Latin America. This postulate is a key rationale of family planning policies in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet most studies on Africa have found no correlation or even a positive relationship between the number of children in a family and their educational attainment. These mixed results are usually explained by African family solidarity and resource transfers that might reduce pressures on household resources occasioned by many births, and methodological problems that have afflicted much research on the region. The main objective of this thesis was to contribute to a better understanding of the methodological and substantive aspects relating the links between fertility and schooling. Specifically, the thesis has assessed 1) the role of family networks in the schooling of children, 2) simultaneous decisions on the number of children and their education, 3) the causal impact of the number of children on their schooling and 4) parents' perceptions on the school and the costs and benefits of child schooling and how these perceptions are taken into account in their reproductive strategies. Four articles were written from four complementary sources of data: the Ouagadougou population Observatory (OPO), the Demtrend survey, the Baseline Health Survey and a qualitative survey; all of these surveys are based on the OPO study population. In the first article, the results show that large families receive more support of family networks for schooling than small families. In addition, family networks would be able to offset the negative effect of a high number of children on schooling, but only for a part of the population that excludes the poorest. Thus, the family solidarity for the schooling is far from universal. The results of the second article show that children whose mothers intentionally limited their fertility have better schooling than those with subfecund mothers who could not attain their desired family size. Therefore, fertility is not independent to schooling aspirations; the assumption of natural fertility is not tenable in this context. The third article show, in contrast to most prior studies on sub-Saharan Africa, a net negative effect of sibship size on the level of schooling achieved by children, one that grows stronger as they progress through the educational system. In the fourth article, the discourse of respondents collected by a qualitative survey indicate that the emergence of this negative relationship between the number of children and their schooling in the outskirts of Ouagadougou is closely linked to perceived changes in the costs and benefits of children's schooling. In present day Ouagadougou, school expenses appear to fall almost exclusively to biological parents.