Este trabalho tem seu foco na monitoração dos processos de usinagem das máquinas ferramentas sem a utilização de sensores dedicados à medição direta das grandezas mecânicas envolvidas no processo de usinagem em si. Assim sendo, optou-se por um método de medição indireta utilizando um estimador de potência e torque baseado nas grandezas elétricas na entrada de energia do motor de indução da máquina ferramenta. O núcleo central do trabalho consiste na medição de processos de usinagem utilizando um dinamômetro de alta precisão próprio para máquina ferramenta para obter os valores médios e os modos de vibração do processo máquina ferramenta-usinagem e fazer a confrontação com os mesmos dados obtidos pelo estimador de torque. A pesquisa realizada utilizou ferramentas clássicas de processamento de sinais, como é o caso da FFT, assim como duas poderosas ferramentas atuais, a transformada de wavelet (WT) e a transformada de Hilbert-Huang (HHT). Em adição foi utilizado um processo de otimização para a determinação dos parâmetros do motor de indução on-line baseado em uma metaheurística denominada busca de harmonia (Harmony Search HS) / This work focuses on monitoring the machining processes in machine tools without the use of dedicated transducers to directly measure mechanicals quantities of the machining process. The approached method used the option of measuring the power and torque through a estimator based in the electrical quantities in the input of the induction motor used by machine tool. The core of the work consists in the measuring the mechanical processes of machining using a high precision dynamometer specified to machine tool to get the average values of mechanical quantities and the vibration modes of the set machine tool-machining process, the objective is to compare the same data group got from dynamometer and estimator. The research data was based on classical analysis tool such as Fourier transform (FFT) and on modern powerful tools such as wavelet transforms (WT) and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). To refine the measuring process of average values of torque and power using the induction motor a method to estimates the motor parameters was added based on an optimization method named harmony search (HS).

Une étude numérique de la dynamique d'ondes internes de gravité en fluide stablement stratifié est menée. On décrit un algorithme pseudo-spectral<br />parallèle permettant d'intégrer les équations de Navier-Stokes sur une machine paralèele. En deux dimensions d'espace, on analyse la dynamique d'un<br />champ d'ondes internes propagatives, d'amplitude modérée et initialement plan et monochromatique. Le champ d'ondes est instable et déferle. Le déferlement produit une turbulence de petites échelles spatiales influencées par la stratification. L'étude<br />est étendue au cas tridimensionnel, plus réaliste. En trois dimensions, on étudie le même champ d'ondes internes, que l'on perturbe par un bruit infinitésimal ondulatoire tridimensionnel, mais on considère des ondes statiquement stables et<br />instables (grandes amplitudes). On montre que le déferlement d'une onde interne est un processus intrinsèquement tridimensionnel, y compris pour les ondes de faible amplitude. La tridimensionalisation du champ d'ondes s'opère dans les zones de l'espace où le champ de densité devient statiquement instable. L'effondrement gravitationnel d'une zone est de structure transverse au plan de propagation de l'onde. Les effets de la turbulence des petites échelles sur la production de la composante non propagatrice de l'écoulement, le mode de vorticité potentielle et la production d'un écoulement moyen, permet de conclure que seule une petite proportion de l'énergie mécanique initiale est convertie sous ses deux formes, la majeure partie étant dissipée par la dissipation visqueuse et conduction thermique. On reconsidère le mode de vorticiée potentielle par une approche Hamiltonienne non-canonique du fluide parfait stratifié. La dérivation d'un système de dynamique modifiée permet d'étudier la relaxation d'un écoulement stratifié, conservant sa vorticité potentielle et sa densité, vers un état stationnaire d'énergie minimale, correspondant au mode de vorticité potentielle.

By the help of several examples the interactive work with the ClassPad330 is considered. The student can solve difficult exercises of practical applications step by step using the symbolic calculation and the graphic possibilities of the calculator. Sometimes several fields of mathematics are combined to solve a problem. Let us consider the ClassPad330 (with the actual operating system OS 03.03) and discuss on some new exercises in analysis, e.g. solving a linear differential equation by the help of the Laplace transformation and using the inverse Laplace transformation or considering the Fourier transformation in discrete time (the Fast Fourier Transformation FFT and the inverse FFT). We use the FFT- and IFFT-function to study periodic signals, if we only have a sequence generated by sampling the time signal. We know several ways to get a solution. The techniques for studying practical applications fall into the following three categories: analytic, graphic and numeric. We can use the Classpad software in the handheld or in the PC (ClassPad emulator version of the handheld).

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-25T13:07:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jorge Peixoto de Morais Neto - 2014.pdf: 1582808 bytes, checksum: 3115f942e2c8a9cf83601835af3af1c5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-25T14:42:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jorge Peixoto de Morais Neto - 2014.pdf: 1582808 bytes, checksum: 3115f942e2c8a9cf83601835af3af1c5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-25T14:42:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Jorge Peixoto de Morais Neto - 2014.pdf: 1582808 bytes, checksum: 3115f942e2c8a9cf83601835af3af1c5 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Let M be a metric space and let P be a subset of M. The well known k-nearest neighbors problem (KNN) consists in finding, given q 2 M, the k elements of P with are closest to q according to the metric of M. We discuss a variation of KNN for a particular class of pseudo-metric spaces, described as follows. Let m 2 N be a natural number and let d be the Euclidean distance in Rm. Given p 2 Rm: p := (p1; : : : ; pm) let C (p) be the set of the m rotations of p’s coordinates: C (p) := f(p1; : : : ; pm); (p2; : : : ; pm; p1); : : : ; (pm; p1; : : : ; pm􀀀1)g we define the special distance de as: de(p;q) := min p02C (p) d(p0;q): de is a pseudo-metric, and (Rm;de) is a pseudo-metric space. The class of pseudo-metric spaces under discussion is f(Rm;de) j m 2 N:g The brute force approach is too costly for instances of practical size. We present a more efficient solution employing parallelism, the FFT (fast Fourier transform) and the fast elimination of unfavorable training vectors.We describe a program—named CyclicKNN —which implements this solution.We report the speedup of this program over serial brute force search, processing reference datasets. / Seja M um espaço métrico e P um subconjunto de M. O conhecido problema k vizinhos mais próximos (k-neareast neighbors, KNN) consiste em encontrar, dado q 2 M, os k elementos de P mais próximos de q conforme a métrica de M. Abordamos uma variação do problema KNN para uma classe particular de espaços pseudo-métricos, descrita a seguir. Seja m 2 N um natural e seja d a distância euclidiana em Rm. Dado um vetor p 2 Rm: p := (p1; : : : ; pm) seja C (p) o conjunto das m rotações das coordenadas de p: C (p) := f(p1; : : : ; pm); (p2; : : : ; pm; p1); : : : ; (pm; p1; : : : ; pm􀀀1)g definimos a distância especial de como: de(p;q) := min p02C (p) d(p0;q): de é uma pseudo-métrica, e (Rm;de) é um espaço pseudo-métrico. A classe de espaços pseudo-métricos abordada é (Rm;de) j m 2 N: A solução por força bruta é cara demais para instâncias de tamanho prático. Nós apresentamos uma solução mais eficiente empregando paralelismo, a FFT (transformada rápida de Fourier) e a eliminação rápida de vetores de treinamento desfavoráveis. Desenvolvemos um programa—chamado CyclicKNN—que implementa essa solução. Reportamos o speedup desse programa em comparação com a força bruta sequencial, processando bases de dados de referência.

This work describes design and implementation of radar processor in FPGA. The theoretical part is focused on Doppler radar, principles of radar signal processing methods and target platform Xilinx Zynq. The next part describes design of radar processor including its individual components and the solution is implemented. FPGA components are written in VHDL language. In the end, the implementation is evaluated and possible continuation of this work is stated.

The aim of this thesis is to design the implementation of fast Fourier transform algorithm, which can be used in FPGA or ASIC circuits. Implementation will be done in Matlab and then this form of implementation will be used as a reference model for implementation of fast Fourier transform algorithm in VHDL. To verify the correctness ofdesign verification enviroment will be created and verification process wil be done. Program that will generate source code for various parameters of the module performing a fast Fourier transform will be created in the last part of this thesis.

Les Éoliennes à Entraînement Direct (ÉED) sont équipées de Générateurs Syn- chrones à Aimants Permanents (GSAP). Leurs trois plus courantes défaillances sont la dé- magnétisation, l’excentricité (statique, dynamique et mixte) et le court-circuit inter-tour. L’analyse de la signature du courant de la machine est souvent utilisée pour rechercher des problèmes du générateur, car ces altérations introduisent des harmoniques supplémen- taires dans les courants générés. La Transformée de Fourier Rapide (TFR) est utilisée pour calculer le spectre des courants. Cependant, la TFR permet de calculer l’ensemble du spec- tre, tandis que le nombre de défauts possible et le nombre d’harmoniques introduites sont faibles. L’algorithme de Goertzel, mis en oeuvre sous forme de filtre (le filtre de Goertzel), est présenté comme une alternative plus efficace au TFR. Le spectre des courants change avec la vitesse du vent, ce qui rend la détection plus difficile. Le Filtre de Kalman Étendu (FKÉ) est proposé comme solution. Le spectre de résidus, calcule entre les courants estimés et les courants générés, est constant, quelle que soit la vitesse du vent. Cependant, l’effet des défauts est visible dans leur spectre. Lors de l’utilisation de l’FKÉ, un défi consiste à estime la matrice de covariance pour le bruit du processus. Une nouvelle méthode était développée pour ça, qui n’utilise aucune de maîtrise du filtre. Les ÉED sont placés soit dans des zones éloignées, soit dans des villes. Pour la surveillance des ÉED, des dizaines ou des centaines de kilomètres de câbles sont nécessaires. Les Réseaux de Capteurs sans Fil (RCF) sont bien adaptés pour être utilisés dans l’infrastructure de communication des ÉED. RCF ont des coûts initiaux et d’entretien plus faibles et leurs installations sont rapides. De plus, ils peuvent compléter les réseaux câblés. Différentes technologies sans fil sont comparées : les technologies à grande surface, ainsi que les technologies à courte portée qui supportent des débits de données élevés. / Direct Drive Wind Turbines (DDWTs) are equipped with Permanent Magnet Syn- chronous Generators (PMSGs). Their three most common failures are demagnetization, ec- centricity (static, dynamic and mixed) and inter-turn short circuit. Machine Current Signa- ture Analysis is often used to look for generator problems, as these impairments introduce additional harmonics into the generated currents. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is utilized to compute the spectrum of the currents. However, the FFT calculates the whole spectrum, while the number of possible faults and the number of introduced harmonics is low. The Goertzel algorithm, implemented as a filter (the Goertzel filter), is presented as a more efficient alternative to the FFT. The spectrum of the currents changes with the wind speed, and thus the detection is made more difficult. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed as a solution. The spectrum of the residuals, computed between the estimated and the generated current, is constant, regardless of the wind speed. However, the effect of the faults is visible in the spectrum. When using the EKF, one challenge is to find out the covariance matrix of the process noise. A new method was developed in this regard, which does not use any of the matrices of the filter. DDWTs are either placed in remote areas or in cities. For the monitoring of a DDWT, tens or hundreds of kilometers of cables are necessary. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are suited to be used in the communication infrastructure of DDWTs. WSNs have lower initial and maintenance costs, and they are quickly installed. Moreover, they can complement wired networks. Different wireless technologies are com- pared - both wide area ones, as well as short range technologies which support high data rates.

The present thesis is dedicated to the efficient computation of electrostatic interactions in particle systems, which is of great importance in the field of molecular dynamics simulations. In order to compute the therefor required physical quantities with only O(N log N) arithmetic operations, so called particle-mesh methods make use of the well-known Ewald summation approach and the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Typically, such methods are able to handle systems of point charges subject to periodic boundary conditions in all spatial directions. However, periodicity is not always desired in all three dimensions and, moreover, also interactions to dipoles play an important role in many applications. Within the scope of the present work, we consider the particle-particle NFFT method (P²NFFT), a particle-mesh approach based on the fast Fourier transform for nonequispaced data (NFFT). An extension of this method for mixed periodic as well as open boundary conditions is presented. Furthermore, the method is appropriately modified in order to treat particle systems containing both charges and dipoles. Consequently, an efficient algorithm for mixed charge-dipole systems, that additionally allows a unified handling of various types of periodic boundary conditions, is presented for the first time. Appropriate error estimates as well as parameter tuning strategies are developed and verified by numerical examples. / Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich der Berechnung elektrostatischer Wechselwirkungen in Partikelsystemen, was beispielsweise im Bereich der molekulardynamischen Simulationen eine zentrale Rolle spielt. Um die dafür benötigten physikalischen Größen mit lediglich O(N log N) arithmetischen Operationen zu berechnen, nutzen sogenannte Teilchen-Gitter-Methoden die Ewald-Summation sowie die schnelle Fourier-Transformation (FFT). Typischerweise können derartige Verfahren Systeme von Punktladungen unter periodischen Randbedingungen in allen Raumrichtungen handhaben. Periodizität ist jedoch nicht immer bezüglich aller drei Dimensionen erwünscht. Des Weiteren spielen auch Wechselwirkungen zu Dipolen in vielen Anwendungen eine wichtige Rolle. Zentraler Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Partikel-Partikel-NFFT Methode (P²NFFT), ein Teilchen-Gitter-Verfahren, welches auf der schnellen Fouriertransformation für nichtäquidistante Daten (NFFT) basiert. Eine Erweiterung dieses Verfahrens auf gemischt periodische sowie offene Randbedingungen wird vorgestellt. Außerdem wird die Methode für die Behandlung von Partikelsystemen, in denen sowohl Ladungen als auch Dipole vorliegen, angepasst. Somit wird erstmalig ein effizienter Algorithmus für gemischte Ladungs-Dipol-Systeme präsentiert, der zusätzlich die Behandlung sämtlicher Arten von Randbedingungen mit einem einheitlichen Zugang erlaubt. Entsprechende Fehlerabschätzungen sowie Strategien für die Parameterwahl werden entwickelt und anhand numerischer Beispiele verifiziert.

By the help of several examples the interactive work with the ClassPad330 is considered. The student can solve difficult exercises of practical applications step by step using the symbolic calculation and the graphic possibilities of the calculator. Sometimes several fields of mathematics are combined to solve a problem. Let us consider the ClassPad330 (with the actual operating system OS 03.03) and discuss on some new exercises in analysis, e.g. solving a linear differential equation by the help of the Laplace transformation and using the inverse Laplace transformation or considering the Fourier transformation in discrete time (the Fast Fourier Transformation FFT and the inverse FFT). We use the FFT- and IFFT-function to study periodic signals, if we only have a sequence generated by sampling the time signal. We know several ways to get a solution. The techniques for studying practical applications fall into the following three categories: analytic, graphic and numeric. We can use the Classpad software in the handheld or in the PC (ClassPad emulator version of the handheld).

This thesis covers with the problems of photogrammetry. It describes the instruments, theoretical background and procedures of acquiring, preprocessing, segmentation of input images and of the depth map calculating. The main content of this thesis is the description of the new method of stereovision. Its algorithm, implementation and evaluation of experiments. The covered method belongs to correlation based methods. The main emphasis lies in the segmentation, which supports the depth map calculation.