Final publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.114 CreativeCommonsAttribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License の記載が必要 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第19924号 / 医博第4144号 / 新制||医||1017(附属図書館) / 33010 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 野田 亮, 教授 小川 修 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Background: The football industry is a giant economic driver in the world with the English Premier League being the one with the largest following worldwide. Recently, the Premier League club Manchester City FC got charged with over 100 breaches of the leagues financial fair play rules invoking discussion and reactions among fans. This provides an opportunity to conduct research of social identity threat situations of a real-time event. Therefore, the study of Manchester City FC fans is a valid case to contribute to the understanding of British football fans´ reactions to social identity threats and coping strategies.  Purpose: This study aims to explore the reaction and coping mechanisms of football fans as their supported club has been accused of potential rule-breaking activities. Method: The study is following an interpretivist approach through a single case study. A qualitative content analysis method is used to analyse the data gathered through a Manchester City online forum. The data is analysed through manual coding, where the sub-categories emerge from the raw codes gathered from the Manchester City online forum. Conclusion: This study suggests that social mobility is not prominent amongst Manchester City FC fans in the occurrence of this Social Identity Threat, while aggressive coping strategies such as Social Competition and Social Creativity are prominent in the analysis of the sample. The study also supports previous research identifying humour as a prominent coping strategy and identifies similarities between British sports fan and sports fans in other cultures.

For a finite group G we study certain rings called k-S-rings, one for each non-negative integer k, where the 1-S-ring is the centralizer ring of G. These rings have the property that the (k+1)-S-ring determines the k-S-ring. We show that the 4-S-ring determines G when G is any group with finite classes. We show that the 3-S-ring determines G for any finite group G, thus giving an answer to a question of Brauer. We show the 2-characters defined by Frobenius and the extended 2-characters of Ken Johnson are characters of representations of the 2-S-ring of G. We find the character table for the 2-S-ring of the dihedral groups of order 2n, n odd, and classify groups with commutative 3-S-ring.

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The pathogenesis of lupus and other autoimmune diseases driven by antibody-antigen complexes involves interactions between genetic and environmental factors. The genetic factors can be separated into factors that dysregulate adaptive immunity, innate immunity or cell death. One genetic risk factor that can affect both innate and adaptive immunity is the inhibitory Fcγ receptor, FcγRIIB. Reduced or loss of function mutations in FcγRIIB lead to an increased risk of autoimmunity. Using the murine IgG2a specific B cell receptor (BCR) transgenic (Tg) mouse, AM14, our lab discovered that delivery of nucleic acid ligands via the BCR activates B cells by dual engagement of the BCR and endosomal toll like receptors (TLR) 7 and/or 9. Mechanistic studies interrogating the role of downstream signaling effectors and intracellular trafficking in the attenuation of BCR-TLR responses by FcγRIIB were limited by our inability to deliver immune complexes (IC) to non-Tg B cells or form brightly fluorescent IC. To deliver IC to non-Tg B cells, I developed a BCR adapter (BCRAM) that delivers IC to IgM-positive B cells. To track the uptake and trafficking of IC, I developed a panel of antibodies specific for streptavidin (SA). Complexes formed with biotinylated molecules and fluorescent streptavidin could be delivered to AM14 B cells or macrophages and tracked via flow cytometry and/or confocal microscopy. BCRAM and fluorescent IC were used to understand how FcγRIIB attenuated BCR-TLR responses. I found that both DNA IC and RNA IC responses were enhanced by FcγRIIB ablation. Interestingly, a naturally-occurring somatic mutation in the Fc domain of the nucleic acid-binding antibody PL2-3 prevented regulation by FcγRIIB and reduced binding to activating FcγR. Paradoxically, I found that SHIP-1, a negative regulator activated downstream of FcγRIIB engagement, promoted BCR-TLR9 responses independent of FcγRIIB. I hypothesized that FcγRIIB attenuates BCR-TLR9 responses by interfering with sensing by the endosomal TLRs. Using a pH sensing IC, I found that engagement of FcγRIIB leads to residence of the IC in a higher pH compartment. These findings demonstrate that FcγRIIB regulates the activation of autoreactive B cells by modulating the trafficking of nucleic acid containing IC to TLR7 and TLR9 associated intracellular compartments in B cells.

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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第24994号 / 医博第5028号 / 新制||医||1069(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 上野 英樹, 教授 椛島 健治, 教授 濵﨑 洋子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

This thesis investigates pool boiling heat transfer from bare and graphene-coated NiCr wires in a saturated liquid of FC 770, a fluorocarbon fluid. Of particular interest was the effect of graphene-oxide platelets, dip-coated onto the heater surface, in enhancing the nucleate boiling heat transfer (BHT) rates and the critical heat flux (CHF) value. In the course of the pool boiling experiment, the primary focus was on the reduction mechanism of graphene oxide. The transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic behavior of the graphene oxide-coated surface was captured, and the attendant effects on surface wettability, porosity and thermal activity were observed. A parametric sensitivity analysis of these surface factors was performed to understand the CHF and BHT enhancement mechanisms. In the presence of graphene-oxide coating, the data indicated an increase of 50% in CHF. As the experiment continued, a partial reduction of graphene oxide occurred, accompanied by (a) further enhancement in the CHF to 77% larger compared to the bare wire. It was shown that the reduction of graphene oxide progressively altered the porosity and thermal conductivity of the coating layer without changing the wettability of FC 770. Further enhancement in CHF was explained in terms of improved porosity and thermal activity that resulted from the partial reduction of graphene-oxide. An implication of these results is that a graphene-oxide coating is potentially a viable option for thermal management of high-power electronics by immersion cooling technology. / Master of Science