Es wurde untersucht, von welchen Umgangsformen mit Blick auf die Auseinandersetzung mit Tod und Sterben COPD-Patient:innen berichten und ob sich zwei Gruppen mit unterschiedlich ausgeprägter psychischer Belastung und Wohlbefinden dahingehend unterscheiden. Methoden: Es wurden 64 stationär hospitalisierte COPD-Patient:innen querschnittlich untersucht, mittels: Wortvervollständigungsliste zur Erhebung todesbezogener Konstrukte außerhalb der bewussten Wahrnehmung (Death-Thought Accessibility, DTA); einem offenen, narrativen Interview mit den Fragen (1): „Was beschäftigt Sie zur Zeit am meisten“ und (2): „Was bedeutet der Tod für Sie und wie gehen Sie damit um, dass auch Sie werden sterben müssen?“; Fragebogeninventar zur Messung der Einstellungen gegenüber Sterben und Tod (FIMEST) Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-D); Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS); Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Außerdem wurde die somatische Krankheitsschwere mittels COPD-Stadium (GOLD) sowie Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) geratet. Ergebnisse: 21 Patient:innen wiesen eine geringe, 43 Patient:innen eine hohe psychische Belastung auf. Es gab keine Gruppenunterschiede in der allgemeinen Soziodemographie sowie somatischen Symptomschwere. Die Gruppen unterschieden sich nicht in der DTA. Ein Drittel der belasteten (34,9 %; n=15), jedoch nur 14,3 % (n=3) der weniger belasteten Gruppe gab bei Interviewfrage 1 eine Beschäftigung mit todesbezogenen Themen an. Die wenig belastete zeigte im Vergleich zur belasteten Gruppe ein häufigeres Vorkommen neutraler und/oder sinnorientierter (90,5 % vs. 67,4 %) und geringere Vorkommen auswegorientierter, demoralisierter und/oder Angst betonender (38,1 % vs. 65,1 %) sowie Verlust und/oder Angst betonender Aussagen (33,3 % vs. 62,8 %). Die wenig belastete Gruppe zeigte eine höhere Akzeptanz des eigenen Sterbens/eigenen Todes und eine geringere innerliche Ablehnung des eigenen Todes im FIMEST aber keine geringere Todesfurcht. Schlussfolgerungen: Todesbezogene Auseinandersetzungsprozesse zeigen Zusammenhänge mit der Ausprägung psychischer Gesundheit bei COPD. In der klinischen Versorgung kann eine entsprechende Berücksichtigung in der Anamnese als Diagnostikum und Einladung für die Versprachlichung innerer existenzieller Nöte dienen. Mit Blick auf das hohe Vorkommen todesbezogener Stressoren bei psychisch belasteten Patient:innen sind Schulungen von medizinisch-pflegerischen Berufsgruppen (death education) zur Sicherung der Behandlungsqualität sinnvoll.

The purpose of the present study was to assess if combining the two frameworks would account for more variance in PTSS than could be accounted for using the frameworks separately. An online community sample from Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk (N = 437), who reported experiencing a prior traumatic event, completed measures that reflected the constructs of narrative centrality, negative affectivity, and death concerns, along with a measure of PTSS. PTSS was regressed on the latent variables of death concerns, narrative centrality, and negative affectivity, along with the latent variable interactions between narrative centrality*death concerns and narrative centrality*negative affectivity. Death concerns was not be predictive of PTSS, whereas narrative centrality and negative affectivity were found to uniquely and interactively account for 77% of the variance in PTSS. Death concerns was found to be a separate construct from negative affectivity. The implications of these findings for the two frameworks are discussed along with future directions. By considering aspects of narrative centrality and negative affectivity, substantial portions of PTSS can be accounted for.

M.A. / A child's life-threatening illness has severe implications for the family. Changes in lifestyle which result from an illness of this nature influence the child-patient's own life, as well as the lives of people who are in close contact with him, i.e. his parents and healthy siblings. Literature on the subject suggests that the healthy siblings suffer due to the illness and that their needs are not addressed during the illness. They often become the victims of emotional neglect, due to the lack of meaningful contact with their parents. Literature also suggests that parents often judge their healthy children to he handling the situation of one child's lifethreatening illness far more successfully than they actually are. Healthy siblings may also develop death anxiety due to this experience. Due to these, and various other reasons, the healthy siblings of children with life-threatening illnesses constitute a population which is at risk of developing moderate and severe personal, social and psychological problems. The aim of this study was to investigate how healthy siblings experience a child's lifethreatening illness and how this experience influences the healthy siblings. The study also aimed to determine the effect of a child's life-threatening illness on healthy siblings' levels of death anxiety. These aims were achieved by conducting interviews with healthy siblings, as well as their parents. The three families which were included in this study were contacted through a local state hospital. In all three families one child had been diagnosed with a life-threatening illness. All the healthy siblings who were interviewed were between the ages of nine and 16. Both qualitative and quantitative data analyses were incorporated by this study. The qualitative data for the study was gathered by means of open-ended interviews with healthy siblings and their parents. These interviews were then analysed according to the phenomenological research method. The quantitative data for the study was gathered by means of the Death Anxiety Questionnaire for Children (Malan, 1996) which was constructed far the study. The results of the qualitative data of all the participants of the study were combined in the final analysis, to determine how healthy siblings experience a child's life-threatening illness and what effect this experience has on them. The quantitative results of the study were analysed and interpreted in association with the qualitative results. The findings of this study suggest that a child's life-threatening illness constitutes a traumatic and emotional experience for the child's healthy siblings. Various conclusions were drawn as to the effects which this experience may have on the healthy siblings. The study also determined that a child's life-threatening illness influences healthy siblings' levels of death anxiety. According to these findings hypotheses may be set for future research. The results of this study is of value to the fields of psychology, social work and medicine. In the .fields of counselling and child psychology, the results serve to improve the understanding of families, and especially , children, who are experiencing the life-threatening disease of a family member. In the fields of social work and medicine the results serve to improve the relations between professionals and families of child-patients with life-threatening illnesses.

In this research four models derived from Terror Management Theory (TMT) were tested by using structural equation modeling.. These models were developed for testing different theoretical alternatives in relation to psychological mechanisms explaining the subjective well-being as an outcome of fear of death. The first two models were based on the original Terror Management Theory. The first supposed that death anxiety as a catalyst motivates individuals in two defenses: developing culturally committed personalities by validation of cultural worldview and thus enhancing self-esteem. The second indicated that every individual had two options in the face of death: enhancing their self-esteem or committing to cultural worldview, in turn, improves the well-being of the individual. The last two models were identified by taking attachment as an alternative variable. In the third model, attachment styles of the individuals were presented as a third defense mechanism in addition to self-esteem and cultural worldview in TMT. They were assumed as mediator variables in the model between fear of death and subjective well-being. The last model treated attachment as a mediator between fear of death and distal defenses of self-esteem and cultural worldview. The results indicated that only the last model was entirely supported.. The lack of support for the first two models might be an indicator of the invalidity of the model in cultures that are not individualistic. For the last two models, the results suggested that attachment was crucial in understanding the relationship between fear of death and subjective well-being from a TMT perspective.

The degree work deals with the present attitude of Romanies to death and dying, and especially the Romany funeral. The work aim is the reflexion on the Romany perspective of death and dying including their special characteristics (customs, rituals, traditions) in view of these days. The work is divided into four chapters, in which theoretical and practical knowledge is entwined and complemented. The first three chapters dwell on death, life after death and funeral rituals in general, and further on Romany history connected to their death and dying and contemporary Romany funeral traditions, including Romany faith in afterlife and spirits of the dead. The last chapter of the degree work summarizes the knowledge of the previous three chapters, and it is the very mentioned reflexion of the attitude of Romanies to death and dying.

Evidence is cited in this paper which suggests religion is gaining in influence on American life. Although interest in religiosity is increasing, mental health research into the area is meager. As psychological researchers grow cognizant of the impact of social systems on the individual, it becomes important to examine the impact of religion and religious belief on the emotional health of the individual. The literature also suggests that attitudes toward death and the individual's perception of power/helplessness, which are elements closely associated with religious belief, are also important factors in determining one's state of psychological well-being. This study is an attempt to look more closely at the role of religion, attitudes toward death, and perception of power/helplessness in a psychiatric population as compared to a nonpsychiatric population. The major variable under consideration, religious orientation, was measured with the Intrinsic-Extrinsic Religious Orientation Inventory which measures the nature of one's involvement with religion. The individual with an intrinsic orientation toward religion is believed to exhibit a healthier adjustment than the individual with an extrinsic orientation toward religion. It was hypothesized that healthier religious adjustment would be related to lower death anxiety, as measured by the Death Anxiety Scale, and lower locus of control scores, as measured by the Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. Further, it was assumed that whether or not one's religious belief system includes a belief in punishment after death would exert some influence on death anxiety. The information obtained in this study suggests that the most important factor of concern to psychiatric patients in the area of religious orientation and death anxiety is belief in punishment after death and its relationship to locus of control. Death anxiety was greatest in psychiatric patients who believed in punishment after death. Overall subjects who believed in punishment after death tended to exhibit higher external locus of control scores. Implications of these findings are discussed.

UNIVERZITA KARLOVA KATOLICKÁ TEOLOGICKÁ FAKULTA Katedra biblických věd Pavel Samec Nebojte se! Téma strachu v synoptických evangeliích Diplomová práce Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Mireia Ryšková, Dr. theol. Praha 2019 2 Abstract The thesis deals with the topic of the fear in synoptic gospels. Fear is a phenomenon that affects every person and is subject of interest to several scientific disciplines. This thesis is focusing on fear as an emotion. The selection of gospel excerpts is narrowed to those containing call to overcome fear. The pericopes are categorized according to situations causing fear: fear of the future, fear of people, fear of tasks' difficulty, fear during miraculous apparitions, fear of death, and fear of apocalyptic dreads. The last topic of the thesis are general calls to overcome fear. The reactions of the biblical personalities are diverse and can be viewed as model attitudes inspiring modern society. In the introduction, the topic of fear is briefly characterized in perspective of psychology, philosophy and theology. The focus of the thesis is the exegesis of selected pericopes, thematically sorted into seven chapters ending with short recapitulations of the main ideas. After the generalizing conclusion, an overlap into spiritual life is suggested.

Объектом исследования явилось отношение к смерти. Предметом исследования – связь отношения к смерти с личностными характеристиками и смысложизненными ориентациями людей разного возраста. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (60 источников) и приложений, включающих в себя бланки применявшихся методик, а также результаты описательной статистики Объем магистерской диссертации 87 страниц, на которых размещены 2 рисунка и 12 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первый раздел включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме отношения к смерти. Представлены разделы, посвященные отношению к смерти в разные возрастные периоды, а также подходы к понятиям личностные характеристики и смысложизненных ориентации. Выводы по первому разделу представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Второй раздел посвящен эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: 1. Пятифакторный личностный опросник» Р. МакКрае – П. Коста. 2. Опросник «Профиль аттитьюдов по отношению к смерти – переработанный» (DAP-R) П. Т. П. Вонга, Г. Т. Рикера и Дж. Гессера. 3. Тест «Отношение к смерти И. Ю. Кулагиной и Л. В. Сенкевич. 4. Тест смысложизненных ориентаций Д. А. Леонтьева. Также в главе представлен корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по разделу 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was the attitude to death. The subject of the study is the relationship of attitudes to death with personal characteristics and life–meaning orientations of people of different ages. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (60 sources) and appendices, including forms of the methods used, as well as the results of descriptive statistics. The volume of the master's thesis is 87pages, which contain 2 figures and 12 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the elaboration of the problem, sets the purpose and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates the main and additional hypotheses, specifies the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first section includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of attitudes to death. The sections devoted to the attitude to death in different age periods, as well as approaches to the concepts of personal characteristics and life orientations are presented. The conclusions of the first section are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second section is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It provides a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: 1. Five-factor personality questionnaire" R. McCrae – P. Costa. 2. Questionnaire "Attitudes profile in relation to death – revised" (DAP-R) by P. T. P. Wong, G. T. Riker and J. Gessera. 3. Test "Attitude to the death of I. Y. Kulagina and L. V. Senkevich. 4. Test of life orientations by D. A. Leontiev. The chapter also presents a correlation analysis of the results of the study. The conclusions of section 2 include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of this problem are described.

The main topic of this thesis is the subjective experience of anxiety. The author has attempted to secede from the strictly psychological level, therefore there are authors dealing with the overlap of human existence included. As a result, the thesis is also a partly philosophical view of anxiety. However, given the focus of the author, the greater part of the work is based on the psychological view. In the practical part, the hypothesis that the consciousness of the meaning of life has a certain influence on the experience of anxiety was confirmed. However, this effect is not as large and as clear as Frankl describes in his work.

Bc. Monika Pavelková ABSTRACT The aim of the paper is to study closely the influence of spirituality on attitude towards death among people who find themselves in a situation of proximity to death. Due to the fact that spirituality proves to be a significant factor influencing the process of accepting death, increasing attention is paid nowadays to the spiritual component of personality and to saturation of its spiritual needs. Spirituality is understood in a broader sense as relation towards sanctity of either a religious or an irreligious person. Another aspect is the means by which the person comes to terms with own spirituality, whether it is intrinsic and becomes the goal of the person's life-long endeavour, or it can be described as extrinsic because it does not permeate his or her everyday reality. Spiritual orientation of a person is projected into his or her values and goals, it determines the way towards the meaning of life, which exceeds the person proper. V. E. Frankl speaks about reaching the meaning of life through self- transcendence by way of realization of values of creation, experiences and attitudes. A pronounced element of spirituality and attitude towards death is the belief in life after death, be it literal or symbolic, with reference to Terror Management Theory or Meaning Management...