Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-27T00:23:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaMirellaSantosDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1600284 bytes, checksum: e3a20b9bce54b7ecc437c276e9c72714 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-02T00:17:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaMirellaSantosDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1600284 bytes, checksum: e3a20b9bce54b7ecc437c276e9c72714 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-02T00:17:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaMirellaSantosDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 1600284 bytes, checksum: e3a20b9bce54b7ecc437c276e9c72714 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar os efeitos dos aspectos econ?micos sobre a criminalidade, para o per?odo de 1990 a 2010, com a finalidade de verificar as principais causas para o aumento expressivo da criminalidade nos estados brasileiros. Para alcan?ar o objetivo proposto, o estudo se basear? na teoria econ?mica do crime de Becker (1968). Para isto, ser?o utilizados os dados do Sistema de Informa??es sobre Mortalidade do Minist?rio da Sa?de (SIM-DATASUS), Instituto de Pesquisa Econ?mica Aplicada(IPEA) e Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional (STN). As estat?sticas apontam que s?o os jovens as principais v?timas de viol?ncia, principalmente homic?dios. Neste sentido, o presente trabalho ser? constitu?do por dois modelos, com destaque para a influ?ncia das vari?veis de educa??o, renda, desigualdade de renda e pobreza sobre as taxas de homic?dios nos estados brasileiros. Para o primeiro modelo foram considerados os indiv?duos (homens e mulheres) de todas as idades. J? o segundo modelo levou em considera??o apenas os indiv?duos (homens e mulheres) jovens, com idade de 15 a 29 anos. A ideia ? verificar a magnitude do impacto dessas vari?veis econ?micas entre um modelo e outro, j? que a criminalidade tem afetado principalmente os indiv?duos mais jovens. Dessa forma, ser? realizado um estudo considerando a criminalidade nas 27 unidades federativas do Brasil, atrav?s da constru??o de um painel de dados n?o balanceado, utilizando da t?cnica VAR Painel (PVAR), proposto por Holtz-Eakin et al.(1998) estimado pelo m?todo de momentos generalizados (GMM) sist?mico para identificar as poss?veis rela??es existentes entre fatores econ?micos e a criminalidade, atrav?s das fun??es impulso-resposta e decomposi??o de vari?ncia. As estat?sticas descritivas revelam que, nos ?ltimos anos, as taxas de homic?dios v?m apresentando um crescimento cont?nuo, em que os jovens s?o as principais v?timas. Para ambos os modelos, as vari?veis econ?micas apresentaram um comportamento semelhante. Com rela??o ?s vari?veis centrais, os achados emp?ricos sugerem a desigualdade de renda e os efeitos inerciais como um dos principais propulsores da criminalidade. Por outro lado, as evid?ncias revelam que uma eleva??o da renda domiciliar per capita eleva o custo de oportunidade do crime, corroborando com a teoria econ?mica. Dessa maneira, verifica-se a necessidade de pol?ticas p?blicas com foco sobre a diferen?a de renda e/ou reformula??o da pol?tica p?blica nacional de maneira que promova a melhoria social, a fim de combater de forma mais eficaz a criminalidade no Brasil. / This study aims to investigate the effects of the economic aspects of the crime for the period 1990-2010, in order to check the main causes for the sharp increase in crime in the Brazilian states. To achieve the proposed objective, the study will be based on economic theory Becker Crime (1968). For this, data from the System Information Ministry of Health (SIM-DATASUS) will be used, Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the National Treasury Secretariat (STN). Statistics show that young people are the main victims of violence, especially homicides. In this sense, this work will consist of two models, highlighting the influence of education variables, income, income inequality and poverty on homicide rates in the Brazilian states. For the first model were considered the individuals (men and women) of all ages. The second model took into account only individuals (men and women) young people, aged 15-29 years. The idea is to check the magnitude of the impact of economic variables between one model and another, since the crime has affected mainly younger individuals. Thus, there will be a study considering the crime in the 27 federal units of Brazil, by building an unbalanced panel data, using the VAR Panel technique (PVAR), proposed by Holtz-Eakin et al. (1998) to identify the possible relationship between economic factors and crime, through the impulse response and variance decomposition functions. Descriptive statistics show that in recent years, homicide rates have shown a steady increase, in which young people are the main victims. For both models, the economic variables showed a similar behavior. The results obtained by PVAR through impulse response functions and variance decomposition shows that the per capita household income and the incidence of poor negatively affects homicide rates in the Brazilian states. On the other hand, evidence shows that shocks on the gini index provoke positive reactions on homicide rates throughout the series. Thus, there is the need for public policies focusing on the income gap and / or reformulation of national public policy in a way that promotes social improvement, in order to combat more effectively the crime in Brazil.

Abstract: This thesis is investigating the situation regarding abortion in Poland since the conservative party Law & Justice came into power. It does so by applying the theory of socialization of human rights, developed by Risse, Ropp & Sikkink (1999). The theory of socialization is a way to uncover the process of a state transgressing from a state of repression to a state of rule-consistent behavior (the rules being the human rights). Here, Law & Justice, the EU and the NGO Federa, working for reproductive rights locally and internationally, was chosen as a case study. The method is a content analysis, where the theory is partly part of the method as it is a model. The topic’s importance within the field of sustainable development is immense, since sustainable development requires human rights and abortion is a human right. In both Poland, the USA and other countries across the world, abortion is being severely restricted, and hence the freedom of women is in jeopardy. The research could have been made more substantial by a polish-speaker, as a conservative, nationalist party like Law & Justice does not translate most of its correspondence or information. Further, using several different organizations, especially from both the ‘new’ and ‘old’ groups of feminists in Poland, could have widened the scope. The research questions are both targeted at uncovering how the EU acts when a country is non-compliant, as Poland is when not following the human rights and hence EU law. They are also uncovering what pressures Poland receive from the EU and Federa, and how far these organizations have come in the process of socialization. The key findings include that Law & Justice have been alternating between different phases in the model, and that the model used does not fully explain cases where states use human rights framing as a way to please its opponents. Further, the EU could have pressured Poland further and earlier, to avoid the situation that has unraveled during the last few years. Another surprising discovery was how unclear and vague the sustainable development goals (SDGs) are regarding abortion rights. These findings contribute to the field by researching a rather recent event, as it is a current topic with developments happening all around the world. The research also contributes by widening the field regarding what type of research can be called sustainable development research. When looking at the human rights and the SDGs, the right to safe abortions is part of both.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:46:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 410789.pdf: 5982842 bytes, checksum: f824c2cd92fda26a3236c62bb5d0de50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-20 / Esta pesquisa tem como cerne analisar os principais temas e assuntos publicados em A Federa??o e no Correio do Povo em rela??o ? Exposi??o do Centen?rio da Revolu??o Farroupilha, evento realizado no Parque Farroupilha, em setembro de 1935. Cercado de diferentes significados, o evento foi tratado como uma grande oportunidade de demonstra??o do desenvolvimento econ?mico, social e pol?tico do Rio Grande do Sul. Reafirmando a relev?ncia do uso da imprensa como fonte hist?rica, este estudo, a partir do m?todo de An?lise de Conte?do, se prop?e a discutir os diferentes destaques e ?nfases do que foi publicado nestes dois jornais, bem como procura identificar, nas p?ginas dos mesmos, as motiva??es de diferentes sujeitos hist?ricos que participaram e organizaram esta Exposi??o