abstract: This thesis examines the Mexican federal judiciary and the problem of corruption in this institution, particularly related to cases of drug trafficking. Given the clandestine nature of corruption and the complexities of this investigation, ethnographic methods were used to collect data. I conducted fieldwork as a "returning member" to the site under study, based on my former experience and interaction with the federal judicial system. I interviewed 45 individuals who work in the federal courts in six different Mexican cities. I also studied case files associated with an important criminal trial of suspected narco-traffickers known in Mexico as "El Michoacanazo." My study reveals the complicated nature of judicial corruption and how it can occur under certain circumstances. I conclude that the Mexican federal judiciary has become a more professional, efficient, and trustworthy institution over the past fifteen years, though institutionalized practices such as nepotism, cronyism, personal abuse of power, and gender inequalities still exist, tending to thwart the full professionalization of these courts and facilitating instances of misconduct and corruption. Although structural factors prevent full professionalization and corruption does occur in these courts, the system works better than it ever has before. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Justice Studies 2012

The US Supreme Court, its formation and first key decisions The thesis offers an insight of an era in which the Supreme Court of United States was founded and established itself as one of the major government institutions as well as a strong powerhouse of American politics. Essential for understanding of the future importance and role of the Court is to perceive not only its own early history but also an understanding of broader context concerning a development of the early American society as a whole. The thesis based on this implied layout consists of three main chapters. The first attempts to grasp a vast set of conditions which served, each to a different extent, as an inspirational background influence for the Founders in the creation of an American statehood. The natural rights philosophy, a product of the Age of Enlightenment, introduced by the work of John Locke set a foundation for American political thinking. The natural rights approach gloriously manifested itself in the Declaration of Independence (1776) and from then on runs as a red thin line throughout the entire legal history of United States. The Founders in the creation of a new American order amalgamated their knowledge of past human endeavors in various state systems and social structures into a constitutional based system of...

A devotion to an open and progressive interpretation of human rights and the law secured Judge Ronald N. Davies’ legacy as an unintended, yet influential activist for advancing civil rights and of the twentieth century. His views helped change the definition and meaning of judicial activism in the modern vernacular and transform it into a new notion of judicial progressivism. A biography of Davies crystallizes the meaning of the racial and civil relations across an evolving American landscape. A study of his life alters the way in which scholars and the public perceive and understand the role of the Northern Plain in shaping lasting changes in America’s progressive movements through an interdisciplinary approach of history and law. When Davies of Fargo, North Dakota, rose to the bench of the United States District Court, he ceased any formal political party affiliation and became a Constitutionalist. With an egalitarian approach to the law, he oversaw numerous court proceedings and handed down rulings with measured consideration for any case that appeared on his docket. As his federal appointment came to include cases involving the desegregation of public schools, civil lawsuits against large-scale corporations, and the Alcatraz Indian Occupation, Davies’ sphere of influence exceeded regional and Civil Rights Era boundaries and characterized him as national figure in new facets of legal precedent. His rulings challenged traditional ethics as dictated by society’s majority-consent in the law and cast him as a seminal figure that embodied the meaning and influence of the northern plains within the law and advancing civil rights and social justice in the United States. His efforts to uphold a more inclusive and equal legal standard set into motion renewed consideration of the ways in which an individual’s actions within a broader institution can stimulate a modern national consensus despite entrenched historical precedent. Therefore, Davies’ life and career reflect a historical sensibility of the role, application, and influence of law-based code of ethics. His decisions, though not intended as overt civil activism, instilled lasting social, cultural, and political change in twentieth-century civil rights.

Submitted by Daniella Santos (daniella.santos@ufma.br) on 2017-08-08T12:03:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUIZ GUSTAVO CARVALHO ASSIS.pdf: 3691533 bytes, checksum: 70fbbb2881f2f1619c939bcd04573626 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T12:03:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUIZ GUSTAVO CARVALHO ASSIS.pdf: 3691533 bytes, checksum: 70fbbb2881f2f1619c939bcd04573626 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-27 / The Brazilian public sector is undergoing intense changes in its management, mainly from the 1990s, seeking to establish the ideology and the private sector tools on your way to work. This work aims to understand how the changes taking place in the working world, and more specifically in the federal judiciary, are affecting the organization of work in the Regional Electoral Court of Maranhao and, consequently, subjectivity and health of judicial analysts: area administrative. The theoretical and methodological framework for the development of this qualitative study is based on the principles of dialectical and historical materialism, implying the understanding of the subject as a social and historical, which intervenes in the reality in which it is inserted and suffers the provisions of that same reality . This paradigm seeks to go beyond the appearance of the phenomenon, understanding the mediations which determine it. Concepts of work psychodynamic approach were also prioritized and articulated the theoretical basis. Were interviewed 13 administrative analysts, different areas of the court, both the secretariat as the precincts of the capital and the interior through semi-structured interview scripts. Was used the saturation criterion proposed by Minayo (2010). The interviews were interpreted based on the Social Theory of Speech Fairclough (2001). There was a clear differentiation in the work of court's office servers and precincts, which creates different effects on your health and subjectivity. In addition, the work organization model that the servers are subjected generates suffering and frustration by imposing the execution of predominantly routine activities, prescribed, linked to standards, which often prevent them from resorting to alternatives to the realization of a work more satisfactory. to note that this scenario creates a fertile ground for the emergence of defensive strategies, pathogenic suffering and possibly less engagement and mobilization. However, despite these sufferings, they can get pleasure when they get practical results in their work or are socially recognized. It appears therefore that this research contributes to a more critical assessment of the activityof administrative analysts within the Electoral Justice to identify aspects that can be worked aiming at an improvement in the organization, with subsidies for analysis, debate and search for improvement alternatives the workers' action, their health and the TRE / MA itself. / O setor público brasileiro passa por mudanças intensas em sua gestão, principalmente a partir da década de 1990, procurando implantar a ideologia e as ferramentas do setor privado no seu modo de trabalhar. Assim, este trabalho visa compreender como as mudanças que vêm ocorrendo no mundo do trabalho, e mais especificamente no judiciário federal, estão afetando a organização do trabalho no Tribunal Regional Eleitoral do Maranhão (TRE/MA) e, consequentemente, a subjetividade e a saúde dos analistas judiciários: área administrativa. O referencial teórico-metodológico para o desenvolvimento desse estudo de caráter qualitativo assenta-se nos princípios do materialismo histórico e dialético, implicando o entendimento do sujeito como ser social e histórico, que intervém na realidade na qual está inserido e sofre as determinações dessa mesma realidade. Esse paradigma busca ultrapassar a aparência do fenômeno, entendendo as mediações que o determinam. Conceitos da abordagem da psicodinâmica do trabalho também foram priorizados e articulados na fundamentação teórica. Foram entrevistados 13 analistas administrativos, de diversas áreas do tribunal, tanto da secretaria quanto das zonas eleitorais, da capital e dos interiores por meio de roteiros de entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizou-se do critério de saturação, proposto por Minayo (2010). As entrevistas foram interpretadas com base na Teoria Social do Discurso de Fairclough (2001). Observou-se uma clara diferenciação no trabalho dos servidores da secretaria do tribunal e das zonas eleitorais, o que gera repercussões diferentes em sua saúde e subjetividade. Além disso, o modelo de organização do trabalho a que os servidores estão submetidos gera sofrimento e frustração ao impor a execução de atividades predominantemente rotineiras, prescritas, atreladas a normas, que quase sempre os impedem de lançar mão de alternativas para a realização de um trabalho mais satisfatório. Nota-se que esse cenário cria um terreno fértil para o surgimento de estratégias defensivas, de sofrimento patogênico e, possivelmente, de menor engajamento e mobilização. No entanto, mesmo diante desses sofrimentos, eles conseguem obter prazer quando conseguem resultados práticos em seu trabalho ou são reconhecidos socialmente. Constata-se, portanto, que essa pesquisa contribui para uma avaliação mais crítica da atividade dos analistas administrativos dentro da Justiça Eleitoral por identificar aspectos que podem ser trabalhados visando uma melhoria na organização, com subsídios para uma análise, debate e busca de alternativas de melhoria da ação dos trabalhadores, da sua saúde e do próprio TRE/MA.

Si la science politique et l’histoire ont su montrer les effets de l’expansion de la bureaucratie sur la présidence et le Congrès en assez grands détails, la vision du pouvoir judiciaire dans sa relation avec l’État américain moderne reste singulièrement appauvrie. Un examen de l’historiographie de l’État et du pouvoir judiciaire montre que la question de l’impact du fait administratif sur le fonctionnement de ce dernier n’a finalement jamais été clairement posée. Cette thèse entend démontrer que les relations entre le judiciaire et l’État fédéral se sont jouées non sur un conflit de principe quand au rôle et à la place de la bureaucratie fédérale dans le schéma constitutionnel américain mais plutôt dans le cadre du processus de reconstruction du judiciaire fédéral initié à la fin du dix- neuvième siècle avec le Evarts Act de 1891. / Even though political scientists and historians have been able to make sense of the impact of bureaucracy on the Congress and the Presidency, the question of the relation of the federal judiciary with the federal state remains largely untouched, as if the constitutional confrontation of 1937 had settled the issue once and for all, with the traditional narrative of judicial restraint and executive triumph firmly in place. This work aims to suggest and explore another avenue for research, by underlining the importance of earlier, turn-of-the-century developments regarding the institutional evolution of the federal judiciary itself and the development of early administrative law. By shifting the focus of attention away from the New Deal crisis, we show that the complicated relation between the federal judiciary and the federal state did not primarily concern the place of administrative power in the constitutional structure, but rather the institutional identity of a federal judiciary which underwent profound changes before the New Deal. In other words, the federal judiciary has a history, and this has to count for something.