The primary purpose of this study is to assist with the determination of the legality of the new policy adopted by the Commonwealth of Virginia of deducting federal revenues from the Basic Aid finance formula for public education. First, this study involves a detailed review of the case law pertaining to the non-supplant issue with targeted federal funds. Second, a brief description of the funding models of the time utilized by the states involved in such litigation are provided in order to determine similarities and differences to various state funding systems, including the venerable foundation model utilized by Virginia. The study provides a historical analysis of the legislation involved in the federal support of public education and the introduction of the non-supplant issue into the language of the federal legislation. Historical documents including Constitutional acts and amendments, statutes, and publications of early education scholars are reviewed. In order to understand the subtlety of the non-supplant issue, the structures of the state systems of school finance that have had the issue of non-supplant litigated are described in some detail. The review of law includes cases retrieved from both Westlaw and Lexis Nexis databases and those cases cross-referenced with landmark decisions. The research in this document will provide comparisons between the case law and the current problem in the Commonwealth. Insight into the legal ramifications of the non-supplant issue and the potential implications that deducting federal revenues from the Basic Aid formula may present will be provided. The consequences for failure to adhere to federal policy regarding the state funding of public education are portrayed in the case law decisions. Further, this research will provide an opinion as to whether the current policy of deducting federal revenues from the Basic Aid formula utilized in Virginia will withstand a legal challenge under the non-supplant language imbedded in federal education grants-in-aid. / Ed. D.

The purpose of this study was to closely examine relevant case law to determine if a legal argument exists that holds school administrators legally responsible for protecting students from peer to peer sexual harassment, particularly under federal laws. A second purpose of this study was to determine if a theoretical and/or regulatory base is available to support the argument. The research questions for this study were: (1) Does an argument emerge from analysis of appropriate case law and legislation that finds peer to peer sexual harassment to be sex discrimination that school administrators may be held legally responsible for preventing? (2) In addition to case law and legislation, what support can be found in the language and reasoning of scholarly writings, regulatory documents and case law dissents to forecast expanded judicial reasoning to hold school administrators responsible for protecting students from peer to peer sexual harassment? A traditional methodology of legal research was employed, using traditional legal finding tools and electronic data bases. An analysis of relevant court cases addressing sexual harassment was completed to establish and examine the judicial reasoning of the courts in those decisions. The legal analyses conducted in this study showed that the cases of peer to peer sexual harassment heard in federal courts since 1989 have resulted in a pattern of decisions ruling increasingly in favor of administrators’ legal responsibility for preventing peer to peer sexual harassment and their liability for failure to do so. While cases heard under Section 1983 of the Civil Rights Act of 1871 and the Due Process Clause were, with one exception, unsuccessful in assigning legal responsibility to school administrators, decisions in cases heard under Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 have increasingly placed legal responsibility and liability on administrators. Two recent Title [X cases heard in federal appellate courts resulted in opposing decisions, a situation which sets the stage for a possible Supreme Court ruling on the issue. Regulations and procedures enforced through state judiciaries and federal regulatory agencies, such as the Office of Civil Rights of the United States Department of Education, support the argument that school administrators are legally responsible when they knew of sexual harassment between peers and failed to stop the behavior. Scholars have advocated application of Title VII principles to Title IX, equating administrators’ responsibility for protecting students from peer harassment to employer responsibility for preventing co-worker sexual harassment they knew or should have know about. And, finally, the dissents of two federal circuit court judges in cases decided in favor of defendant school districts have strongly favored holding administrators responsible for peer sexual harassment that they knew about and failed to stop. / Ed. D.

This study examines the relationship between the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 and black marriage rates at the federal level and in Mississippi and Michigan. This study was based on the premise that the Welfare Reform Act of 1996 negatively influenced black marriage rates over time. A case study analysis approach was used to analyze data gathered on welfare reform for Mississippi, Michigan and the federal level. The researcher found that overall, the goals of welfare reform were largely unmet. The conclusions drawn from the findings suggest that welfare reform failed because the policy was poorly written.

In the last two decades, a concern on how federal forests in the United States are managed has provoked concerns among different stakeholders, including NGOs. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of NGO influence on forest management legislation. Eight aspects were selected and compared in different study cases referring to legislative proposals dealing with forest management in order to define success criteria for a legislative initiative. The study indicates that the following criteria are particularly important to fulfill in order to influence forest management legislation: - The issue to address should be on the political agenda and have high public interest. - Environmental and social aspects should not be at the expense of economic aspects. - The legislative initiative should be prepared in multi-stakeholder processes, including local government and organizations. - The supporters of the initiative should take part in all decision-making processes and advise the Government in aspects related to their areas of expertise. NGOs would likely improve their chances of influencing forest management legislation if they hold a flexible position regarding legislative proposals containing similar or even less strict measures than their own initiatives, look at market oriented schemes as alternatives to legislation, and maintain good relationships with other major stakeholders.

A sistematização dos recursos administrativos na legislação federal consiste em um trabalho de elaboração de um modelo de identificação e organização das diversas normas processuais administrativas disciplinadoras das regras de cabimento, processamento e julgamento dos recursos administrativos no âmbito da administração pública federal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa acadêmica de revisão normativa das principais legislações infraconstitucionais administrativas federais desenvolvida a partir da perspectiva das normas gerais de processo administrativo estabelecidas pela Lei Federal n. 9.784/99 (Lei de processo administrativo federal). Inicialmente, são analisados os aspectos históricos e conceituais do processo administrativo brasileiro considerados mais relevantes para a compreensão do sistema recursal administrativo. Posteriormente à fixação desses pressupostos conceituais na primeira parte do trabalho, o estudo direciona-se ao estabelecimento da tipologia recursal administrativa, por meio do exame dos princípios, regras e demais orientações apresentados pela Lei Federal n. 9.784/99. Tendo sido estipulados as espécies recursais, suas características, bem como as regras de cabimento, processamento e julgamento dos recursos administrativos, empreende-se o diagnóstico das legislações infraconstitucionais federais escolhidas com fundamento nos elementos fixados na segunda parte do trabalho. A sistematização dos recursos administrativos na legislação federal tem como finalidade demonstrar que a previsibilidade dos resultados obtida por meio do conhecimento das regras do jogo em matéria recursal administrativa, é responsável por um incremento das garantias constitucionais do processo administrativo nos entes públicos federais. / The systematization of the administrative appeals in the Brazilian federal legislation aims to establish a model for the identification and organization of the various administrative procedural rules dealing with administrative appeals within the federal administration. This is a revision work of the most important federal administrative legislations, and it is developed from the perspective of the general rules of administrative procedure established by Lei Federal n. 9.784/99 (federal administrative procedure law). Firstly, in order to comprehend the basis of the administrative appeals, this research analyzes the most relevant historical and conceptual aspects of the Brazilian administrative procedure. By establishing the main rules and principles in which the administrative appeals are based, this research makes an effort in order to discover and organize the basic types of administrative appeals determined by Lei Federal n. 9.784/99. Finally, this research develops a diagnosis of how the Brazilian federal legislation deals with administrative appeals. The results are presented in such a way to confirm that when more guarantees related to administrative appeals are given to the citizens, the more they are going to trust their government institutions and in the administrative procedure.

A sistematização dos recursos administrativos na legislação federal consiste em um trabalho de elaboração de um modelo de identificação e organização das diversas normas processuais administrativas disciplinadoras das regras de cabimento, processamento e julgamento dos recursos administrativos no âmbito da administração pública federal. Trata-se de uma pesquisa acadêmica de revisão normativa das principais legislações infraconstitucionais administrativas federais desenvolvida a partir da perspectiva das normas gerais de processo administrativo estabelecidas pela Lei Federal n. 9.784/99 (Lei de processo administrativo federal). Inicialmente, são analisados os aspectos históricos e conceituais do processo administrativo brasileiro considerados mais relevantes para a compreensão do sistema recursal administrativo. Posteriormente à fixação desses pressupostos conceituais na primeira parte do trabalho, o estudo direciona-se ao estabelecimento da tipologia recursal administrativa, por meio do exame dos princípios, regras e demais orientações apresentados pela Lei Federal n. 9.784/99. Tendo sido estipulados as espécies recursais, suas características, bem como as regras de cabimento, processamento e julgamento dos recursos administrativos, empreende-se o diagnóstico das legislações infraconstitucionais federais escolhidas com fundamento nos elementos fixados na segunda parte do trabalho. A sistematização dos recursos administrativos na legislação federal tem como finalidade demonstrar que a previsibilidade dos resultados obtida por meio do conhecimento das regras do jogo em matéria recursal administrativa, é responsável por um incremento das garantias constitucionais do processo administrativo nos entes públicos federais. / The systematization of the administrative appeals in the Brazilian federal legislation aims to establish a model for the identification and organization of the various administrative procedural rules dealing with administrative appeals within the federal administration. This is a revision work of the most important federal administrative legislations, and it is developed from the perspective of the general rules of administrative procedure established by Lei Federal n. 9.784/99 (federal administrative procedure law). Firstly, in order to comprehend the basis of the administrative appeals, this research analyzes the most relevant historical and conceptual aspects of the Brazilian administrative procedure. By establishing the main rules and principles in which the administrative appeals are based, this research makes an effort in order to discover and organize the basic types of administrative appeals determined by Lei Federal n. 9.784/99. Finally, this research develops a diagnosis of how the Brazilian federal legislation deals with administrative appeals. The results are presented in such a way to confirm that when more guarantees related to administrative appeals are given to the citizens, the more they are going to trust their government institutions and in the administrative procedure.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:32:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 trindade_efr_me_mar_prot.pdf: 908538 bytes, checksum: 1b4cf99d96d9dd6e3cd1850f839667d3 (MD5) / Este trabalho será desenvolvido através de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental e terá como objetivo principal investigar a atuação da legislação, federal e estadual, na implementação e regulamentação da gestão democrática da escola pública. A gestão democrática possui grande potencial de realização na escola através dos colegiados e das instituições escolares, quais sejam: o Conselho de Escola, o Conselho de Classe e Série, a Associação de Pais e Mestres e o Grêmio Estudantil, espaços estes reconhecidos e instituídos legalmente como espaços de participação no interior da escola. Sendo assim, tendo como eixo principal a legislação federal, que fundamenta a legislação estadual, municipal e do Distrito Federal, analisaremos mais detalhadamente o princípio da gestão democrática na legislação educacional do Estado de São Paulo, assim como a atuação das normas legais nos colegiados e nas instituições escolares. Para tanto, serão analisadas leis, decretos, resoluções, pareceres, regimentos, ou seja, a base legal que sustenta a organização e o funcionamento das escolas públicas estaduais paulistas. Trabalhamos com a hipótese de que a gestão democrática pode se realizar no interior das escolas públicas paulistas, já que estas possuem as instituições e os colegiados escolares, que constituem espaços reconhecidos legalmente como espaços de participação e de realização da gestão democrática. Porém, cabe considerar que a legislação torna restrita essa possibilidade, pois ao instituir e regulamentar o princípio democrático definiu a forma de participação dos segmentos escolares, estabelecendo quais funções os representantes devem desempenhar no interior daqueles espaços. / This work is based on a bibliographic research and documental analysis and has as objective to investigate the action of federal and state legislation on the execution and on the normalization of the democratic administration in public schools. Democratic administration has a big potential to succeed at schools through school collegiates and institutions, which are: the School Council, Class Council, Parents and Teachers Association and “Grêmio Estudantil”. These institutions are recognized and established legally as spaces for participation inside school. Using as basis the federal legislation, which establishes the state and municipal legislations beyond the legislation of the Federal District, we will analyze more deeply the principle of democratic administration in the educational legislation of São Paulo State, well as the action of legal rules on school institutions and collegiates. In order to do this, laws, decrees, resolutions and regulations, that means, the legal basis which supports the organization and functioning public state schools in São Paulo. We work witch the hypothesis that democratic administration can take place inside public schools in São Paulo State, since these have school institutions and collegiates that constitute places legally recognized as place for participation and realization of democratic administration. But the legislation makes this possibility limited, because by creating rules for the democratic principle it defined the way of participation of school segments, setting up which functions the representatives should play inside those spaces.

Orientador: Cândido Giraldez Vieitez / Banca: Tânia Suely Antonelli Marcelino Brabo / Banca: Sandra Aparecida Riscal / Resumo: Este trabalho será desenvolvido através de pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental e terá como objetivo principal investigar a atuação da legislação, federal e estadual, na implementação e regulamentação da gestão democrática da escola pública. A gestão democrática possui grande potencial de realização na escola através dos colegiados e das instituições escolares, quais sejam: o Conselho de Escola, o Conselho de Classe e Série, a Associação de Pais e Mestres e o Grêmio Estudantil, espaços estes reconhecidos e instituídos legalmente como espaços de participação no interior da escola. Sendo assim, tendo como eixo principal a legislação federal, que fundamenta a legislação estadual, municipal e do Distrito Federal, analisaremos mais detalhadamente o princípio da gestão democrática na legislação educacional do Estado de São Paulo, assim como a atuação das normas legais nos colegiados e nas instituições escolares. Para tanto, serão analisadas leis, decretos, resoluções, pareceres, regimentos, ou seja, a base legal que sustenta a organização e o funcionamento das escolas públicas estaduais paulistas. Trabalhamos com a hipótese de que a gestão democrática pode se realizar no interior das escolas públicas paulistas, já que estas possuem as instituições e os colegiados escolares, que constituem espaços reconhecidos legalmente como espaços de participação e de realização da gestão democrática. Porém, cabe considerar que a legislação torna restrita essa possibilidade, pois ao instituir e regulamentar o princípio democrático definiu a forma de participação dos segmentos escolares, estabelecendo quais funções os representantes devem desempenhar no interior daqueles espaços. / Abstract: This work is based on a bibliographic research and documental analysis and has as objective to investigate the action of federal and state legislation on the execution and on the normalization of the democratic administration in public schools. Democratic administration has a big potential to succeed at schools through school collegiates and institutions, which are: the School Council, Class Council, Parents and Teachers Association and "Grêmio Estudantil". These institutions are recognized and established legally as spaces for participation inside school. Using as basis the federal legislation, which establishes the state and municipal legislations beyond the legislation of the Federal District, we will analyze more deeply the principle of democratic administration in the educational legislation of São Paulo State, well as the action of legal rules on school institutions and collegiates. In order to do this, laws, decrees, resolutions and regulations, that means, the legal basis which supports the organization and functioning public state schools in São Paulo. We work witch the hypothesis that democratic administration can take place inside public schools in São Paulo State, since these have school institutions and collegiates that constitute places legally recognized as place for participation and realization of democratic administration. But the legislation makes this possibility limited, because by creating rules for the democratic principle it defined the way of participation of school segments, setting up which functions the representatives should play inside those spaces. / Mestre