El presente proyecto trata sobre la producción y distribución de un producto innovador que actualmente no se encuentra en el mercado peruano, este es una hamburguesa hecha 100% de origen vegetal, con la diferencia que cuenta con todas las características a carne de origen animal, simulando el sabor, la textura y aspecto visual. Este proyecto cuenta con el respaldo de la viabilidad en base a los resultados de la investigación realizada a través de entrevistas y encuestas, lo cual resulta en una nueva tendencia en donde las personas indagan por comer más saludable, debido a los problemas originados por hábitos alimenticios que mantienen (comer “comida chatarra” y ultra procesadas), la necesidad encontrada es un producto que sea saludable, de preparación rápida y sobre todo que mantenga un delicioso sabor. Esto se complementa con la coyuntura actual (pandemia Covid-19), donde la salud es el tema principal y la búsqueda del mismo impacta en nuevos hábitos no solo sanitarios, sino también alimenticios, ya que el riesgo principal es perder la vida. Por ello, La Granja Vegana oferta un producto saludable que cubre las necesidades del mercado, dirigido a personas que quieren empezar o ya cuentan con un estilo de vida saludable. Para iniciar este proyecto la inversión será de S/. 482,881.33, de la cual se financiará el 50%. Los indicadores de rentabilidad son altamente atractivos y son superiores a realizar la inversión en un banco. Por lo que, resulta interesante conocer más a fondo esta oportunidad de inversión. / This project is about the production and distribution of an innovative product that is not currently in the Peruvian market, this is a hamburger made 100% of vegetable origin, with the difference that it has all the characteristics of real meat, simulating the flavor, texture and visual appearance. This project has the support of viability based on the results of the research carried out through interviews and surveys, which results in a new trend where people inquire about eating healthier, due to problems caused by eating habits that they maintain (eat “junk food” and ultra-processed food), the need found is a product that is healthy, quick to prepare and, above all, that maintains a delicious flavor. This is complemented by the current situation (Covid-19 pandemic), where health is the main theme and the search for it impacts new habits not only in health, but also in food, since the main risk is to lose life. For this reason, La Granja Vegana offers a healthy product that meets the needs of the market, aimed at people who want to start or already have a healthy lifestyle. To start this project the investment will be S /. 482,881.33, of which 50% will be financed. The profitability indicators are highly attractive and are superior to investing in a bank. Therefore, it is interesting to learn more about this investment opportunity. / Trabajo de investigación

Elk (Cervus elaphus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) density and foraging behavior were monitored in conjunction with disturbance by livestock (cattle and sheep) from 1991 to 1993 at Deseret Land and Livestock property near Woodruff, Utah. Elk and deer densities declined by as much as 92% in response to introduction of livestock, while associated areas where livestock were absent did not show this response. Biting rates and bite sizes were estimated and used to determine instantaneous intake rate. These measures were similar between pastures with cattle present or absent in 1992 but differed in 1993 for bite rate and marginally so for instantaneous intake rate. Bite rate and bite size but not instantaneous intake rate showed significant differences among years when the data for both treatments were combined. My results indicated that livestock locally displaced wild ungulates but displacement occurred only while the livestock were present. Differences in elk foraging behavior were greater between years than between treatments, and instantaneous intake rate alone was viewed as an inaccurate indicator of potential reductions in fitness.

Members of the family Platytroctidae (tubeshoulders) are found throughout the meso- and bathypelagic waters of the World Ocean. Due to the lack of specimens collected globally, this taxon has received little attention, despite recent evidence suggesting its predominance in the bathypelagic biome. Prior to this study, only four species had been reported in the Gulf of Mexico’s (GoM) highly diverse deep-pelagic ecosystem. An extensive meso- and bathypelagic trawl series in the GoM allowed a detailed examination of this family, which included analyses of species composition, abundance, vertical distribution, sex ratios, and trophic ecology. A total of 16 species were collected, which included 12 new records for the GoM. The five most-abundant species collected were Mentodus facilis, Platytroctes apus, Barbantus curvifrons, Mentodus mesalirus, and Maulisia microlepis. All platytroctids were collected from tows that extended below 700 m. Mentodus facilis was the only species that significantly differed from the expected 1:1 sex ratio (pMentodus mesalirus and Maulisia microlepis heavily consumed gelatinous zooplankton. Mentodus facilis and Barbantus curvifrons had a more varied diet consuming chaetognaths, copepods, and ostracods, with M. facilis exhibiting a slightly greater reliance on ostracods and gelatinous prey. This study represents the first investigation into the diet of this fish family and adds to the sparse community data of the bathypelagic zone by identifying alternative nutrient pathways (e.g., the fish-jelly link) that connect the deep and upper oceanic ecosystems.

Species interact and exploit one another for a number of reasons, including transportation, shelter or nutrition such as in parasitic relationships. Parasitism is an important aspect in life and is common in all taxonomic groups. Parasites are often host-specific and can be endoparasites or ectoparasites. The phylum Platyhelminthes includes the class Monogenea or monogenetic parasitic flukes. Monogeneans are mainly parasitic in fish but the family Polystomatidae, also commonly referred to as polystomes, are found on the skin and gills of the Australian lungfish, tadpole gills, kidneys and urinary bladders of frogs, gills and skin of salamanders, cloaca and phalodeum of caecileans, on the eye, in the nose, mouth or urinary bladder of freshwater turtles and on the eye of the hippopotamus. Polystomes have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are found on all hospitable continents. Polystome species were first discovered in the 1758. Between 1961 and 1980 French researchers focussed on Central and West Africa and described a large number of parasites. Polystome discovery has steadily decreased in the last 30 years, however despite this, new species are still being discovered annually. The list of currently known polystomes is most likely only a small portion of the species that exists. Wherever scientists searched for polystomes, new species were discovered. The current distribution of polystomes is not at all a true reflection of their global distribution but merely an indication of research effort. Monogenean flatworms exhibit many variations in the morphology of the intestinal tract. These parasites display two distinct diets, where one group mainly feeds on blood while the other mainly feeds on mucus and epithelial tissues. Thus the feeding habits and other factors such as the shape of the caeca, the presence/absence and number of medial and lateral diverticula as well as anastomosis may play a role in the morphology of the intestinal tract, which can be used as a classification tool to classify polystome species into specific genera. The three aims of the study were to:  Conduct a literature study to compile a species list and source of information on all valid polystome taxa.  Review the intestine shape of all polystomes and evaluate it as a taxonomic characteristic.  Conduct a species description of a new North American chelonian polystome belonging to the genus Polystomoides. / MSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Species interact and exploit one another for a number of reasons, including transportation, shelter or nutrition such as in parasitic relationships. Parasitism is an important aspect in life and is common in all taxonomic groups. Parasites are often host-specific and can be endoparasites or ectoparasites. The phylum Platyhelminthes includes the class Monogenea or monogenetic parasitic flukes. Monogeneans are mainly parasitic in fish but the family Polystomatidae, also commonly referred to as polystomes, are found on the skin and gills of the Australian lungfish, tadpole gills, kidneys and urinary bladders of frogs, gills and skin of salamanders, cloaca and phalodeum of caecileans, on the eye, in the nose, mouth or urinary bladder of freshwater turtles and on the eye of the hippopotamus. Polystomes have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are found on all hospitable continents. Polystome species were first discovered in the 1758. Between 1961 and 1980 French researchers focussed on Central and West Africa and described a large number of parasites. Polystome discovery has steadily decreased in the last 30 years, however despite this, new species are still being discovered annually. The list of currently known polystomes is most likely only a small portion of the species that exists. Wherever scientists searched for polystomes, new species were discovered. The current distribution of polystomes is not at all a true reflection of their global distribution but merely an indication of research effort. Monogenean flatworms exhibit many variations in the morphology of the intestinal tract. These parasites display two distinct diets, where one group mainly feeds on blood while the other mainly feeds on mucus and epithelial tissues. Thus the feeding habits and other factors such as the shape of the caeca, the presence/absence and number of medial and lateral diverticula as well as anastomosis may play a role in the morphology of the intestinal tract, which can be used as a classification tool to classify polystome species into specific genera. The three aims of the study were to:  Conduct a literature study to compile a species list and source of information on all valid polystome taxa.  Review the intestine shape of all polystomes and evaluate it as a taxonomic characteristic.  Conduct a species description of a new North American chelonian polystome belonging to the genus Polystomoides. / MSc (Environmental Sciences), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

A importância em conhecer o padrão alimentar em mosquitos da Família Culicidae permite esclarecer alguns aspectos relacionados à transmissão de zoonoses e estimar o grau de contato humano-vetor que é fator relevante em estudos epidemiológicos. Com o objetivo de explorar o comportamento alimentar dessa Família, em área epizoótica de febre amarela silvestre, foram coletados exemplares nos municípios de Santo Antônio das Missões e Garruchos, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Fêmeas ingurgitadas foram obtidas por aspiração em ambiente de mata, no período de setembro de 2005 a abril de 2007 e identificadas segundo fonte de sangue ingerido através da técnica imunoenzimática ELISA de captura no sistema avidinabiotina. Foram testadas seis fontes de alimento: ave, bovino, eqüino, humano, macaco e rato. Os resultados obtidos mediante a padronização de anticorpos monoclonais possibilitaram demonstrar pela primeira vez o reconhecimento de sangue humano ingerido nesses mosquitos pelo emprego da subclasse IgG1 e comprovar a sensibilidade e especificidade da técnica ELISA de captura. No município de Santo Antônio das Missões, de um total de 190 amostras, 60,9% reagiram para sangue de boi, 23,6% para humano, 9,9% para ave, 1,9% para macaco e 3,7% para combinações de dois hospedeiros. Quanto às amostras referentes ao município de Garruchos, das 158 fêmeas capturadas na área Cachoeirinha pode-se observar reatividade para ave (16%), boi (29,6%), humano (36,8%), cavalo (4%), macaco (0,8%) e combinações de hospedeiros (12,8%), enquanto que para as 149 fêmeas pertencentes à área de São José, detectou-se sangue ingerido de boi em (51,5%), ave e humano (11,5%), macaco (6,2%), cavalo (0,8%) e mistos (18,5%). Aedes scapularis, Aedes crinifer, Culex (Culex) spp., Haemagogus leucocelaenus apresentaram maior número de fêmeas ingurgitadas nos dois municípios. Os resultados obtidos com Aedes scapularis sugerem ecletismo, conforme combinações detectadas em amostras de sangue de diferentes fontes. Haemagogus leucocelaenus apresentou a maior proporção de amostras contendo sangue humano em relação às demais fontes e essa característica traz implicações, por ser espécie incriminada na transmissão e por se tratar de área de ocorrência de epizootias de febre amarela. / The knowledge of mosquitoes Culicidae host feeding patterns permits to clarify some aspects related to zoonosis transmission and to estimate the degree of human-vector contact which is relevant in epidemiological studies. Aiming to explore the feeding behavior of these mosquitoes, specimens were collected in the municipalities of Santo Antônio das Missões and Garruchos, Rio Grande do Sul, an epizootic area of sylvatic yellow fever. Engorged females were collected by aspiration from forested areas from September 2005-April 2007 and their blood meals were identified using the avidin-biotin system of immunoenzymatic ELISA capture. Six blood meal sources were tested: bird, cattle, horse, human, monkey and rat. The result achieved with the species-specific IgG1 mAb was unprecedented for mosquito blood meal identification and reinforced the sensibility and specificity of the immunoenzymatic ELISA capture. Of the 190 samples from Santo Antônio das Missões, 60.9% reacted to cattle, 23.6% to human, 9.9% to bird, 1.9% to monkey and 3.7% to mixed blood meals. In Garruchos, of the 158 females collected in Cachoeirinha, 16.0% reacted to bird, 29.6% to cattle, 36.8% to human, 4.0% to horse, 0.8% to monkey and 12.8% to mixed blood, while of the 149 engorged females from São José, blood from cattle accounted for 51.5%, of blood identified, bird and human 11.5%, monkey 6.2%, horse 0.8% and mixed blood 18.5%. Blood engorged females of Aedes scapularis, Aedes crinifer, Culex (Culex) spp., Haemagogus leucocelaenus predominated in the two municipalities. The results obtained with Aedes scapularis suggests its eclecticism, according to the combinations of blood which were detected from different sources. Haemagogus leucocelaenus was found to have the highest proportion of samples containing human blood in comparison with other sources, which has implications, on account of being incriminated in the transmission and also for taking into consideration the outbreaks reported that underline the risk of yellow fever.

A obesidade é um excesso de tecido gorduroso e estudos em várias áreas têm apontado sua origem como multifatorial. O índice de obesidade tem aumentado, tanto na população adulta, como infantil. Considerada como um dos fatores de risco à saúde, seu tratamento têm sido sugerido no sentido de cercar todos os aspectos envolvidos na sua origem, visando a modificação de hábitos alimentares e estilo de vida. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de realizar uma caracterização das famílias de crianças diagnosticadas como obesas, buscando investigar qual o seu papel na obesidade infantil e conhecer a percepção que essas famílias e a própria criança possuíam em relação ao seu corpo. Participaram do estudo quinze crianças obesas de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 8 e 14 anos, e seus familiares. Foi realizada uma entrevista com a criança e com a família e aplicada a técnica gráfica do Desenho da Figura Humana. Observou-se que a maioria das crianças eram do sexo masculino e a maioria delas tinha idade entre 12 e 14 anos. Em relação aos familiares, observou-se que a maior parte dos pais eram casados e a maioria deles estudou até primeiro grau. Constatou-se que, tanto os familiares quanto as crianças, reconheciam seu excesso de peso e as consequências que este poderia trazer à sua saúde física, nos relacionamentos sociais e à auto-estima. No entanto, alguns familiares apresentavam dificuldades em atuar no controle alimentar devido a sentimentos conflitantes e distorção na percepção da criança e de suas reais necessidades. Observou-se que o excesso de peso trouxe consequências para a auto-imagem da criança e que os hábitos alimentares e estilo de vida de algumas crianças permaneciam inadequados após as orientações do tratamento. Assim, sugere-se um trabalho multidisciplinar com as crianças e, principalmente, com as famílias. / Many studies describe obesity is an excess of fat tissue with multi-factorial causes. Obesity rates have increased in adults as well as in children populations. Considered as one of the risk factors to the health, current treatments tend to take into account all the aspects related to its origin, as for change of feeding habits and lifestyle. The objective of this study is to characterize the families of children diagnosed obese in order to investigate their role in children obesity and know the perception that these families and children have of their own body. Fifteen obese children aged 8 to 14 years old and their families were interviewed and submitted to the human figure drawing test. It was observed that the most of the children was of the masculine sex and the most of them aged 12 and 14 years old. In relation to the relatives, the most of the parents was married and attended elementary schools. It was verified that the relatives as well as children recognized your weights excess and the consequences that it could bring to your physical health, in the social relationships and self-steem. However, the relatives presented difficulties in act in the feeding control due contradictory feelings and distortion in the childs perception and their real needs. The weight excess brought consequences for the childs self-image. Their feeding habits and lifestyle continued inadequate after the treatments orientations. Like this, it is suggested a multi-disciplinary work with the children and mainly the families.

This PhD thesis addresses several aspects of the biology and ecology of the squid Doryteuthis plei in the coast of São Paulo, SE Brazil, at both the population and individual levels. On the population structure of the exploited stock, it includes the patterns of reproductive activity, size-at-maturity, and biometrics of reproductive organs associated with squid size, as well as feeding habits and ontogenetic, sexual, and spatial-temporal shifts. Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) were used to identify such population patterns and spatial and temporal factors based on the particular small-scale fishery that targets the species around the São Sebastião Island. At the individual level, the study focused on behavioural traits in two periods of the life-cycle: (1) the reproductive phase, where the body patterns were described, generating a comprehensive ethogram for the species, and (2) the paralarval phase, where the development of swimming and predatory behaviours was detailed. Size-at-maturity was found to be 151-175 mm of mantle length (ML) for females, and 187-190 mm ML for males, that also showed the co-occurrence of two distinct maturation groups (Chapter 1). A significant peak of females gonad weight occurs in February and March especially in the island\'s South and Southeastern areas, and of males in March. An ethogram analysis showed 19 chromatic, 5 locomotor, and 12 postural components and behavioural sequences for the species, including agonistic, courtship, and mating behaviour (Chapter 2). Light chromatic components (clear and iridophore splotches) showed a longer duration than dark chromatic components, especially those associated with calm behaviour, more frequent in females. Males appeared more dedicated to disputes over resources and used fast miscellaneous visual signalling. In respect to feeding habits (Chapter 3), prey composition differed among sexes, size, maturity, and spatio-temporal pattern. Females do not stop feeding during sexual maturation and the amount of food increases with size. Cephalopods were significant preys for mature females, as well as fish and crustaceans to the largest females, while pelagic polychaetes were dominant prey for largest males. Observations and filming of D. plei paralarvae (Chapter 4) show a complex predatory behaviour on live preys, with different hunting types differing in speed and position. Aggressive intra-specific behaviour was found in the absence of prey when paralarvae show both a pursuit strategy and a rapid backward escape after attack. These findings contribute to better understand the population biology and behavior of the species and also in the future definition and guidance of fisheries management plans. / A presente tese aborda diferentes aspectos da biologia e ecologia da lula Doryteuthis plei na costa de São Paulo, SE do Brasil, tanto em nível individual quanto populacional. Com relação à estrutura populacional do estoque explorado, foram analisados padrões da atividade reprodutiva, tamanho de primeira maturação, morfometria dos órgãos reprodutivos associados às fases de desenvolvimento e também hábitos alimentares e mudanças ontogenéticas, sexuais e espaço-temporais. Modelos aditivos generalizados para localização, escala e forma (Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape - GAMLSS) foram utilizados com intuito de identificar padrões populacionais, espaciais e temporais baseados em desembarques da pesca de pequena escala em torno da Ilha de São Sebastiao. Em nível individual, o estudo abordou padrões comportamentais em 2 diferentes períodos do ciclo de vida: (1) fase de reprodução, onde padrões corporais foram descritos, tendo como resultado um abrangente etograma (2) fase paralarval, onde o desenvolvimento de comportamento natatório e predatório foram detalhados. O tamanho de primeira maturação foi estimado entre 151 e 175 mm de comprimento do manto (ML) para as fêmeas e entre 187 e 190 mm ML para os machos, também foi identificada a co-ocorrência de 2 grupos de maturação para os machos. (Capitulo 1). Um pico significativo com relação ao peso das gônadas foi identificado entre os meses de Fevereiro e Março para as fêmeas e em Março para os machos, especialmente nas áreas Sul e Sudeste da ilha. Uma análise dos comportamentos reprodutivos e dos padrões corporais, resultando em um amplo etograma, revelou 19 componentes cromáticos, 5 locomotores e 12 posturais, como também, sequências comportamentais para a espécie, incluindo comportamentos agonístico, de corte e acasalamento (Capitulo 2). Componentes cromáticos claros (manchas claras e irridóforos) apresentaram maior duração do que os componentes cromáticos escuros, particularmente aqueles relacionados ao comportamento calmo, mais frequente nas fêmeas. Machos aparentemente foram mais propensos a disputas por recursos usando sinalizações visuais rápidas e variadas. Em relação aos hábitos alimentares (Capítulo 3), a composição de presas diferiu entre sexos, tamanhos, maturidade e padrões espaço-temporais. As fêmeas não deixaram de se alimentar durante a maturação e foi observada uma relação positiva entre a quantidade de alimentos e o tamanho dos indivíduos. Pequenos cefalópodes, assim como peixes e crustáceos foram às presas mais significativas entre as fêmeas maduras, enquanto que para os machos foram os poliquetas. Através de observações e filmagens de paralarvas de D. plei (Capitulo 4), identificou-se um comportamento predatório complexo sobre presas vivas, com diferentes tipos de caça que diferem em velocidade e posição. Comportamentos agressivos entre indivíduos da mesma espécie (estratégias de ataque e fuga) foram identificados quando na ausência de presas. Estes achados contribuem para melhor compreender a biologia populacional, comportamento da espécie, e também na futura definição e orientação nos planos do manejo pesqueiro.

As fissuras labiopalatinas estão entre as principais causas de problemas relacionados à alimentação dos bebês, devido a comunicação entre as cavidades bucal e nasal. Essa dificuldade em se alimentar pode contribuir para um comprometimento de seu ganho ponderal. Outro aspecto importante é a introdução precoce de carboidratos, principalmente carboidratos simples (açúcares) em sua dieta, visto que o mesmo proporciona um paladar mais agradável, além de favorecer o ganho de peso, fato imprescindível para a cirurgia de correção. Para bebês com fissura labiopalatina esta situação pode se agravar devido à dificuldade de higienização bucal, pela presença da fissura e provável receio dos pais ou cuidadores para realizar a higienização correta. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar o início e introdução de açúcares na dieta de bebês de seis a dezoito meses, com e sem fissura, bem como a presença de cárie dentária, comparando-os. Foram avaliadas 142 crianças, sendo 84 do grupo fissura e 58 do grupo controle (sem fissura). Para esta verificação foi aplicado um questionário aos pais ou cuidadores contendo perguntas relativas ao hábito alimentar e higiene bucal e realizado um exame clínico intrabucal. A análise dos dados foi realizada por porcentagem e por meio do Teste Qui-quadrado para estabelecer a relação entre a prevalência de cárie, hábitos alimentares e higienização bucal. Foi identificada relação entre higienização bucal e cárie (p<0,001). Não foram observadas associações entre a ingestão de açúcar (p=0,937), assim como a idade em que foi introduzido (p=0,432) com o surgimento de cáries. Apenas 4 bebês pertencentes ao grupo fissura apresentaram cárie, totalizando 9 dentes cariados, sendo 6 dentes de apenas 1 bebê. O índice ceo-d médio foi 0,11%. Os incisivos superiores foram os principais dentes acometidos pela cárie. Conclui-se a higienização bucal é imprescindível para evitar o desenvolvimento da cárie e que o hábito alimentar não está relacionado ao surgimento da mesma, nesta faixa etária tão precoce. / Cleft lip and palate are among the main causes of problems related to infant feeding, due to communication between the oral and nasal cavities. This difficulty in feeding may impair their weight gain. Another important aspect is the early introduction of carbohydrates, especially simple carbohydrates (sugars) in the diet, since it provides a more pleasant taste, in addition to promoting weight gain, which is fundamental for surgical repair. For babies with cleft lip and palate this situation may be worse due to the difficulty of oral hygiene, the presence of the cleft and probable fear of parents or caregivers to perform proper hygiene. This study analyzed the onset and introduction of sugars in the diet of infants, from six to eighteen months, with and without clefts, as well as the presence of dental caries by comparing the groups. A total of 142 children were evaluated, 84 from the cleft group and 58 from the control group (without cleft). For that purpose, a questionnaire was applied to parents or caregivers with questions relating to eating habits and oral hygiene, and an intraoral clinical examination was performed. Data analysis was performed by percentage and by the Chi-square Test, to establish the relationship between the prevalence of caries, eating habits and oral hygiene. The findings revealed a relationship between oral hygiene and dental caries (p<0.001). No associations were observed between sugar intake (p=0.937) and age at which it was introduced (p=0.432) with the development of caries. Only 4 infants in the cleft group presented caries, totaling 9 decayed teeth, considering that one baby presented six decayed teeth. The mean dmft was 0.11%. The maxillary incisors were the teeth most affected by decay. It was concluded that oral hygiene is essential to prevent the development of caries, and feeding habits were not related to the presence of caries at this very early age.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-17T13:58:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Maria Cavalcati de Azevedo Souza.pdf: 1419418 bytes, checksum: 5a4162f4745891068477edbb753e7d65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-17T13:58:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monica Maria Cavalcati de Azevedo Souza.pdf: 1419418 bytes, checksum: 5a4162f4745891068477edbb753e7d65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-17 / The white grunt, Haemulon plumieri, is a tropical marine fish of relative economic importance, targeted by the artisanal fleet in the state of Pernambuco (Brazil). Although it has been widely caught, very little has been published on the fishery and biology of the species, especially regarding its reproduction. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to study the fishering operations, reproductive biology and feeding habits of the white grunt along the central coast of the state of Pernambuco. We hope that the information obtained might help to assure a sustainable exploitation of this important fishery resource. For the study of the white grunt fishery, data were obtained from the ESTATPESCA databank developed by the Brazilian environmental agency IBAMA, in August of 2007 and through direct interviews with fishermen from the Z1, Z2 and Z4 colonies, locates in the cities of Recife, Paulista and Olinda, respectively. For the study on reproductive biology, a total of 300 specimens caught between May 2003 and September 2005 were measured, among which 111 males and 180 females were macroscopically identified. In the laboratory, the gonads and stomach of each specimen were collected and fixed in a 10% formaldehyde solution. 261 stomachs were examined for the analysis of feeding habits, the contents of which were identified to the lowest possible taxon level. Among a fishery production of 16870.0 t for the state, in 2005, the white grunt was the eighth most caught fish, with a landed production corresponding to 164.5 t. The artisanal fishing communities have relatively similar socioeconomic characteristics, employing the same fishing methods, namely, fish pots, gillnets, seines and hand lines, with the principal fishing product being the mutton snapper. Fork length (FL) of the white grunt specimens sampled ranged from 14.0 to 29.5 cm, with a female to male sex ratio of 1.7:1.0. Mean monthly distribution of the Gonadossomatic Index (GSI) of adult specimens ranged from 0.28 and 1.63 for males and from 1.47 to 4.68 for females. Size at first sexual maturity (L50) was estimated at 20 cm FL for females and 26 cm FL for males. Among the 261 stomachs analyzed, 25 were everted (9.6%), 218 were empty (83.5%) and just 18 had contents (6.9%). Based on the Index of Relative Importance(IRI), the feeding habits of the species was mainly directed at small fish and mollusks. The results presented here are expected to contribute toward the sustainability of this important fishery resource in the state. / A biquara, Haemulon plumieri, é um peixe tropical marinho que possui relativa importância econômica, sendo bastante pescada pelas embarcações da frota artesanal do Estado de Pernambuco. Embora seja amplamente capturada, muito pouco tem sido publicado sobre a pesca e a biologia da espécie, particularmente sobre a sua reprodução. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar a pesca, a biologia reprodutiva e alimentar da biquara na costa central do Estado de Pernambuco, com vistas a gerar subsídios necessários a uma explotação sustentável desse importante recurso pesqueiro. Para o estudo da pesca, os dados analisados foram obtidos em agosto de 2007,através do banco de dados estatísticos, ESTATPESCA, desenvolvido pelo IBAMA, e por meio de entrevistas diretas realizadas com pescadores das colônias Z1, Z2 e Z4, pertencentes aos municípios de Recife, Paulista e Olinda, respectivamente. Para o estudo da biologia reprodutiva, foram mensurados um total de 300 exemplares, capturados entre maio de 2003 e setembro de 2005, dos quais se identificaram macroscopicamente 111 machos e 189 fêmeas. Em laboratório, cada espécime teve a gônada e o estômago coletados e fixados em solução de formol a 10%. Para análise do hábito alimentar foram examinados 261 estômagos cujos conteúdos foram identificados até o menor táxon possível. Para uma produção pesqueira no Estado, no ano de 2005, igual a 16.870,0 t, a biquara foi a oitava espécie mais capturada, com uma produção desembarcada correspondendo a 164,5 t. As comunidades de pesca artesanal apresentaram características sócioeconômicas relativamente semelhantes, empregando as mesmas técnicas de pesca, a saber:covo, rede de emalhe, rede de arrasto e linha de mão, tendo como principal produto pescado a cioba. O comprimento zoológico (CZ) dos exemplares amostrados variou de 14,0 a 29,5 cm, com uma proporção sexual de 1,7 fêmeas: 1,0 macho. Adistribuição da média mensal do IGS (Índice Gonadossomático) dos indivíduos adultos apresentou valores variando entre 0,28 e 1,63 para os machos, e entre 1,47 e 4,68, para as fêmeas. O tamanho da primeira maturação sexual (L50) para as fêmeas foi estimado em 20 cm CZ, enquanto que para os machos esse valor foi de 26 cm. Dos 261 estômagos analisados, 25 estavam evertidos (9,6%), 218 vazios (83,5%) e apenas 18 apresentaram conteúdo (6,9%). De acordo com o Índice de Importância Relativa (IIR), o hábito alimentar da espécie foi principalmente constituído por pequenos peixes e moluscos. A expectativa é de que os resultados aqui aportados contribuam para a sustentabilidade da pesca deste importante recurso pesqueiro, no Estado.