Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ceci Maria Costa Baptista Mariani.pdf: 836983 bytes, checksum: 9488e81f23d9e2c3fb66f730fdb5aef6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The point of departure for this study was the work Le Mirouer des Simples Ames by Marguerite Porete, who belonged to a religious order in the region of The Rhine and who, according to history, lived between the second half of the XIII century and the beginning of the XIV century. It is a stimulating work which makes an important contribution to philosophical, theological and literary thinking. Our aim in this study was to explore the Christian mystic, which reached its peak in the late Middle Ages, to deepen the perception of this dynamic which is expressed as an experience of annihilation and to perceive how it unfolds in the theology. The more specific objective was to go deeper into the meaning of Marguerite Porete´s theological thinking, fundamentally mystical, and her contribution to systematic theology today, which intends not only to unite concepts and theological theory, but also to be a theology attentive to historical experience, the objective site of God´s presence, but which in spite of this, has confronted the risk of losing its contemplative dimension, the subjective site of a mystic encounter with God, thus freely transcending historical time and space. Our theological reading of Mirouer led us to perceive that the great contribution from this work lies in the explicitness of the relation between self-deprivation and liberty on the one hand and on the other, the bold affirmation that God is Graciousness, a God of delicacy, sweetness and goodness, in a world whose favored image of God is that of the almighty Father, at one time director, protector and fount of authority, a God of great majesty who remains in heaven and occasionally extends his hand across the clouds. To the God who leads an army constituted of angels and saints who exercise an intermediary function and manifest his protective and judging omnipresence, Marguerite announces the Loin-près, He who from his absolute transcendence, through graciousness, comes to us and transforms us for communion with Him / O ponto de partida dessa pesquisa foi a obra Le Mirouer des Simples Ames de Marguerite Porete, uma beguina cleriga, da região do Reno e que, segundo consta, viveu entre a segunda metade do século XIII e início do século XIV. Uma obra instigante que traz uma contribuição importante para o pensamento filosófico-teológico e literário. Nosso objetivo, com esse estudo, foi sondar a mística cristã que atinge seu ápice na alta idade média, aprofundar a percepção dessa dinâmica, que se expressa como experiência de aniquilamento, e perceber como ela se desdobra em teologia. O objetivo mais específico foi aprofundar o significado do pensamento teológico de Marguerite Porete, fundamentalmente místico, e sua contribuição para teologia sistemática hoje que pretende ser mais que reunião de conceitos, teologia teórica, mas teologia que está atenta para a experiência histórica, lugar objetivo de presença de Deus, mas que, apesar disso, tem enfrentado o risco de perder sua dimensão contemplativa, lugar subjetivo do encontro místico com Deus, transcendência livre do espaço e do tempo, portanto da história. Nossa leitura teológica do Mirouer levou-nos a perceber que a grande contribuição da obra reside na explicitação da relação entre despojamento de si e liberdade por um lado e por outro, na ousada afirmação de que Deus é Cortesia, Deus de delicadeza, doçura e bondade, num mundo cuja imagem privilegiada de Deus é o Pai poderoso, a um tempo diretor e protetor, fonte de autoridade, Deus de grande majestade que permanece no céu e que eventualmente mostra sua mão através das nuvens. Ao Deus que está à frente de um exército constituído de santos e anjos que exercem a função de intermediários e que manifestam sua onipresença protetora e julgadora, Marguerite anuncia o Loin-près, aquele que desde a sua absoluta transcendência, por cortesia, vem a nós e nos transforma para a comunhão com ele

Dans l’histoire religieuse des États-Unis, la féminisation des dénominations protestantes a constitué un processus long et progressif. Cette féminisation a été caractérisée par la participation croissante des femmes dans les institutions religieuses, en tant que fidèles mais aussi en tant que leaders religieux. Bien que l’islam soit considéré comme une religion minoritaire récemment transplantée aux États-Unis, des indices tendent à montrer qu’à l’instar d’autres religions transplantées dans ce pays, comme le judaïsme réformé et le bouddhisme, les institutions islamo-américaines connaissent un processus de féminisation. L’émergence d’une théologie féministe islamique depuis les années 1970, communément appelée « féminisme islamique », et le développement d’un militantisme de terrain, plus particulièrement depuis les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, ont contribué à la féminisation de l’islam. Les militantes musulmanes américaines revendiquent une visibilité dans l’espace public et dans le champ religieux islamo-américain. Quels sont leurs revendications, leurs défis et leurs stratégies ? Quels sont les facteurs internes et externes qui ont conduit à la visibilité croissante des femmes et la focalisation autour de la problématique féminine au sein de l’islam américain ? Comment, de façon concrète, la participation croissante des femmes transforme-t-elle les institutions islamo-américaines, les croyances et les pratiques ? Voici certaines des questions que nous soulevons dans notre thèse. Les résultats sont notamment basés sur une étude qualitative exploratoire (entretiens semi-directif et observations participantes). Nous mobilisons également les données d’une étude quantitative sur l’inclusion des femmes au sein de l’espace cultuel publiée en 2013, afin de mettre l’accent sur les transformations du champ religieux islamo-américain. / In American religious history, the feminization of Protestant denominations has been a long and gradual process. This feminization has been characterized by the increasing participation of women within religious institutions, not only as worshippers but also as religious leaders. Although Islam is considered to be a newly transplanted minority religion in the United-States, there are indicators revealing that, like many other transplanted religions in the United States, such as Reform Judaïsm and Buddhism, Muslim religious institutions are undergoing a process of feminization. These indicators have included the development of an Islamic feminist theology since the 1970s onwards, commonly called "Islamic feminism", and the emergence of a religious grass-root activism, more significantly since the 9/11 attacks. American Muslim women activists claim visibility in the public sphere and within the US Islamic religious landscape. What are their demands, challenges and strategies ? What are the internal and external factors that have led up to the growing visibility of women and women's issues in American Islam ? How specifically has the increased role of women affected American-Islamic institutions, beliefs or practices ? Those are some of the questions we raise in our thesisThe results are based on a fieldwork (semi-directive interviews and participant observation). We also use the data of a report on the inclusion of women within the American mosque published in 2013. The transformations linked to the increasing women’s participation in the mosque are emphasized.