This thesis comprises historical and critical introduction to contemporary women's poetry in Ireland and close reading of three poets of its two latest generations, Eavan Boland, Medbh McGuckian and Vona Groarke. It focuses on her perception of nature and attitude to the relationship between the human self and natural processes and objects. The contextual background to my reading emphasizes the feminist critique of the traditional false images of the woman's self in Irish poetry and politics, and suggests new opportunities of the most recent female poetic voices. The culturally rooted simplifying or even harmful connection between femininity and the fertile land or Catholic ideals of virginity has provoked a lot of indignation among contemporary women poets, and caused abundant literary attempts of its re-negotiation. The authentic poetic representation of the woman's sexual and spiritual connection to the land and nature along with women's subjective use of nature imagery belongs to crucial points of this re-negotiation. It is pursued extensively in all of the poetesses discussed in this paper. My close reading considers the political objectives of the poems and notices different modes of their artistic response to the relevant cultural questions. Nevertheless, it emphasizes also the independence...

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-06-13T12:45:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1741180 bytes, checksum: 238b2fbe86eff7de4d825a63f369d7dc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T12:45:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1741180 bytes, checksum: 238b2fbe86eff7de4d825a63f369d7dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Hilda Hilst (1930-2004) is this work anchor, specially her poetry, to which we direct our critical-interpretative view to the poems entitled Ode descontínua para flauta e oboé. De Ariana para Dionísio is based on Júbilo, memória, noviciado da paixão (2008), considering its dialogues between the epic tradition about Ariadne and Dionysius’ myth. To observe the Dionysian myth (re)creation and its nuances on the hilstian literary production is our main aim, intending to establish a comprehension on poetic recurrences; thus to reflect reverberated echoes expressed by the feminine-lyrical voice present on the ten poems, in which the body and the love are metaphors from the erotic and possibly configure images to the reader, through a plurality of meanings. In this way, there is an articulation with theory approaches by Pound (2003), Eliade (2010), Grimal (2011), Cassirer (2000), among others that establish an intersection between myth and literature. Approaching this tangible proximity, methodologically we suggest the reading of symbolic images throughout “concision” as an analytic category, articulating internal and external meanings on the poems lyrical and verbal plasmation. On this perspective, the inception of extra-literary elements on Hilda Hilst’s poetics configures a language actualization, (re)signifying the Dionysian myth through the feminine voice on our contemporary background. / Hilda Hilst (1930-2004) é a âncora deste trabalho, especialmente a sua poesia, a qual lançamos nosso olhar crítico-interpretativo aos poemas sob o título Ode descontínua para flauta e oboé. De Ariana para Dionísio, parte da obra Júbilo, memória, noviciado da paixão (2008), considerando seus diálogos com a tradição épica acerca do mito de Ariadne e Dioniso. Observar a (re)criação do mito dionisíaco e suas nuanças na produção literária hilstiana é o nosso principal objetivo, de modo que estabeleçam de compreensão nas retomadas poéticas; bem como, refletir os ecos reverberados pela voz lírico-feminina nos dez poemas, nos quais o corpo e o amor são metáforas do erotismo e, possivelmente, configuram imagens ao leitor através da pluralidade de sentidos. Há, no entanto, articulações com aportes teóricos de Pound (2003), Eliade (2010), Grimal (2011), Cassirer (2000), entre outros que estabeleçam intersecções entre o mito e a literatura. No que tange a essa aproximação, metodologicamente, propomos uma leitura das imagens simbólicas a partir da “concisão”, enquanto categoria analítica, articulando significações internas e externas na plasmação lírico-verbal dos poemas. Nessa perspectiva, a inserção de elementos extraliterários na poética de Hilda Hilst, configura atualização da linguagem, (res)significando o mito dionisíaco pela voz feminina no contexto da contemporaneidade.

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This thesis focuses on the ways in which cloth and clothwork are represented in Old French romance in order to highlight how they relate to feminine voice, expression, and identity. By focusing mainly on medieval romance from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the field of research is narrowed to a period in which vernacular literature was redefining literacy. On the basis that literacy is not confined to the ability to read and write in Latin, clothwork is presented as a medium of literate expression, that being a form of readable knowledge or communication not codified in written word or language, and in the works of such authors as Marie de France, Chrétien de Troyes, and Jean Renart, amongst others, the presentation of clothwork fits this classification. My research focuses on gendered performance and gendered objects highlighting the divide between masculinity and femininity in materiality. Beginning with a contextualised and historical understanding of feminine clothwork, authority, and gendered biases in the Middle Ages in France, the Virgin Mary's associations with clothwork leads into an exploration of how the identities of women are tied to the cloth that they work or possess. From this basis, feminine voice in clothwork comes to the forefront of discussion as seemingly inaudible women make themselves heard through the use of needles and thread, telling their stories in cloth and tapestry. Throughout this study, an exploration of mother-daughter relationships is highly significant to the comprehension of feminine education and tradition in clothwork. The chansons de toile included in Le Roman de la Rose ou de Guillaume de Dole by Jean Renart underline the dichotomy and tension between oral and written culture, tying feminine voice to feminine clothwork and exploring the representation of this in the written text. Finally, Christine de Pizan's intimation of the importance of feminine tasks and brilliance concludes this study in order to better understand the ways in which the literature of the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance departs from the medieval presentation of clothwork as a typically feminine activity underlying and encapsulating a woman's identity and expressive power.