La escasez de agua se presenta como uno de los mayores retos para asegurar el desarrollo sostenible. Entre otras actuaciones, se deben investigar e implementar sistemas eficientes de tratamiento de aguas biorecalcitrantes, que necesitan ser condicionadas antes de su depuración biológica. Uno de los posibles pre-tratamientos es el proceso Fenton de oxidación avanzada, que presenta dos principales inconvenientes: la utilización de sales de hierro como catalizador homogéneo, que abandonan continuamente la etapa de oxidación, y el elevado consumo de oxidante, en parte desaprovechado. La presente tesis se centra en el estudio de la mejora del proceso Fenton de aguas fenólicas mediante su acoplamiento con tecnologías de membrana como la nanofiltración, la emulsificación con membranas o los reactores de membrana. El acoplamiento de dichas tecnologías con el proceso Fenton permite el confinamiento del catalizador y el aumento de la eficiencia de oxidación, mejorando así el tratamiento en términos ambientales y económicos. / Water scarcity is one of the major challenges for assuring a sustainable development. Among other measures, research into efficient wastewater treatment systems to deal with biorefractory wastewaters, which need to be amended before their biological degradation, is required. The Fenton process is an advanced oxidation process that can be used as potential pre-treatment for this purpose. However, the pre-treatment presents two main limitations: the use of iron salts as homogeneous catalyst, which are continuously thrown away in the reactor effluent, and the high consumption of oxidant, which is partially wasted. The present thesis aims at studying the improvement of the Fenton process applied on phenolic wastewater through its coupling with membrane technologies such as nanofiltration, membrane emulsification or membrane reactors. The coupling allows confining the catalyst and increasing the oxidation efficiency, thus enhancing the treatment efficiency in environmental and economic terms.

Biological and physical chemistry treatment methods always are used to remove COD of organic wastewater contains PCB. The effect is not obvious when the compositions of pollutant are too refractory or complicated. The primary treatment method of wastewater containing copper is chemical coagulation/sedimentation and its disadvantage is producing a large of sludge. The objective of this study, using two combinative method of UV/H2O2-Ferrite Process and Fenton-Ferrite Process, is to remove organic compounds and heavy metal in real wastewater. Not only supernatant liquid could meet the standard of discharge wastewater but also produce general(non-hazardous) industrial wastes of heavy metal. The primary operation condition of Fenton and UV/H2O2 process, was ferrous ion and hydrogen peroxide concentration, pH, reaction time, and chemical dosing, searching best operation condition to combine with Ferrite Process. Operation of Fenton and UV/H2O2 process under acid condition (pH=2) and neutral condition (pH=8) showed the best operation condition of Fenton and UV/H2O2. The removal decreased when the dose of hydrogen peroxide was added too more or too less. As Fenton and UV/H2O2 process test finished, Ferrite Process is next used for treatment of heavy metal wastewater; Ferrite Process conducted as three stages and the operation conditions were controlled with temperature, pH and the ratio of Fe/M mole. The results showed that the best removal of treatment of copper containing wastewater by Ferrite Process achieved when the ratio of Fe/M mole was at 10. Treatment of PCB industrial real wastewater by Fenton-Ferrite Process and UV/H2O2-Ferrite Process which combined with Fenton, UV/H2O2 and Ferrite Process. The supernatant liquid containing organic compounds and heavy metal both could meet the standards of discharge wastewater and the sludge was judged with general(non-hazardous) wastes. The characteristic of the sludge were the diameter lattice less 100 nm and with magnetism and to develop recovery and utilization in a further work.

Abstract This research was to evaluate the treatment efficiency for in-situ treatment of pentachlorophenol (PCP) contaminated soil by electrokinetics-Fenton process combined with biodegradation. An electric gradient of 1V/cm, and graphite electrodes were employed in all experiments. Soil types, catalyst types and dosage, hydrogen peroxide concentration, cathode reservoir liquid species and reaction time were employed as the experimental factors in this study. In this study, no matter electrokinetics-Fenton process or the electrokinetics-biodegradation in the latter, prolong the reaction time can promote the removal and destruction efficiency (DRE) of target pollutant from soil. By using 0.0196 M FeSO4 with 3.5% H2O2, the DRE was only lower 2% than 0.098 M FeSO4 with 3.5% H2O2.It showed that using 0.0196 M FeSO4 can provide enough Fe2+ to react with H2O2. By increasing H2O2 concentration from 0.35% to 3.5%, a DRE rised from 68.34% to 79.77%. When iron powder was used as catalyst, the residual pentachloroplenol concentration near to anode reservoir lower than 0.0196 M FeSO4 was used. But the DRE was 56.58% lower than the 68.34% of using 0.0196 M FeSO4.As the influences of soil types to electrokinetics-Fenton process, the residual concentration of pollutant for Soil No. 2 was higher than Soil No. 1. A DRE of only 59.22% was obtained. It is postulated that a much higher content of organic matter with Soil No. 2 whereas lower the treatment efficiency because of consumption of hydroxyl radicals by the organic matter of soil. For the influence of different reservoir liquid species, in this study 0.1M acetic buffer solution was used as cathode reservoir liquid, expected to promote the removal efficiency. From the result of experiment that could not reach the expected treatment efficiency of increasing the removal efficiency from soil. From the experiment of electrokinetics process combined with cometabolism, a treatment efficiency of only 25.67% was obtained. The content of pollutant within every section of soil column were still higher than predict. But by using electrokinetics-Fenton process to pretreat the pollutant within soil first, the increasing efficiency of biodegradation was found. Even when reaction time was prolonged, the pollutant could be completely eliminated from soil. If only used iron minerals to proceed electrokinetics-Fenton process naturally exited in the soil, a DRE of only 20

This research was to evaluate the treatment efficiency of a chlorinated hydrocarbons contaminated site by combined technologies of electrokinetic processing-Fenton process-catalytic iron wall. The L9 orthogonal arrays were utilized to investigate the effects of four experimental factors (i.e., H2O2 concentration, size fraction of iron particles, mass of iron particles and elapsed time) on the treatment efficiency. The experimental results were further subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regular analysis. According to the ANOVA of results of nine experiments conducted under an electric gradient of 1 V/cm, the H2O2 concentration, mass of iron particles and elapsed time were determined to be very significant parameters for the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TeCA) . In this system, the optimal conditions with respect to the DRE of TeCA would be 2¢MH2O2, 50-100 mesh iron, 0.2 wt% iron and 20-day treatment time. Under this optimal conditions, it was able to obtain a DRE of 69.56% and the corresponding operating cost would be 672.9 NT$/m3. Aside from the constant voltage operation, the constant current operation also was employed in this study. The latter was found to be superior to the former in terms of electroosmotic flow quantity and DRE. Experimental results of soil column tests showed that TeCA was transformed to trichloroethylene (TCE). TCE could be regarded as a daughter product of TeCA degradation. Results of Tests 17 and 18 showed that destruction dominated the DRE of TeCA, whereas removal played a much more important role in the DRE of Test 19. Regarding the treatment efficiency of a 9-day pilot test using the same combined treatment technologies, it was found to be very satisfactory. DREs of vinyl chloride, dichloroethane, and TCE were found to be >96%, >96%, and >94%, respectively in the anode and cathode wells. The concentrations of TCE in both anode and cathode wells were found to be lower than the regulatory threshold (i.e., 2£gg/L) and the operating cost was determined to be about NT$57.5/m3.

The electroplating wastewater is usually treated by chemical precipitation, and the generated sludge has loose structure to cause the difficulties in sedimentation and filtration. Moreover, the sludge is unstable and the contained heavy metals are easily leached. Solidification is one method to deal with this kind of sludge; however it cause another problem, land requirement. In this study, the contents of electroplating wastewater are divided into two parts organic matters and heavy metals; organic matters are treated by Fenton method and heavy metals are by Ferrite process. The purpose of this study is that through the serial Fenton-Ferrite Process treatment the effluent water and the sludge generated from the procedure could meet the standards in Taiwan. It was well-know that the primary operation factors of Ferrite Process are pH, reaction temperature, ferrous ion concentration, time and aeration. The results showed that the proper factors of FP were pH=10, temperature= 90¢J, Fe/M molar ratio= 7,reaction time=80 min and aeration rate=1.0 L air / min / L solution. However, in Fenton method, the parameters of pH, hydrogen peroxide, ferrous ion concentration, and reaction time were discussed. I had greatest efficiency under the data showed that Fenton method pH = 3, ferrous ion concentration=3000 mg/L, hydrogen peroxide = 13000 mg/L, and reaction time=2 hr. The wastewater measured COD =1162 mg/L, Cr=70 mg/L, Zn=400 mg/L. The treatment efficiency of the procedure combining Fenton method and Ferrite Process were that COD=88.5 mg/L, Cr=1.06 mg/L, and Zn=0.98 mg/Lin effluent water and the TCLP test results of sludge were Cr=3.37 mg/L, Zn=2.46 mg/L. All the data showed that the combination of the two process can significantly treat wastewater to meet the standards. Furthermore, the sludge can be recycled as magnetic materials or other purposes due to it¡¦s specific properties.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate different types of metal decontamination from waste water. Specifically, to evaluate water from the mire located at Slagnäs railway depot. Through a literature review from Swedish authorities and entrepreneurs regarding water remediation methods have been compiled and compared. Methods for waste water remediation are chemical methods, sedimentation and filtration. Standardized methods for decontamination are constantly updated with new materials and improved methods. Neither one of these methods are relevant on their own. The idea behind the experiment was to use Fenton reaction on the mire water which would contribute to precipitation of metals. Within the study an experiment with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide was performed. The idea behind the experiment was to use Fenton reaction on the mire water which would contribute to precipitation of metals. No conclusions can be drawn about hydrogen peroxide also known as Fentons reaction due to lack of analysis results. Trials with sodium hydroxide shown that the best results occur when pH is moderately adjusted at pH 6 and 7. Due to incomplete analytical results no conclusion about Fenton reaction as a waste water treatment method can be drawn based on this experiment. The lack of results is probably due to the continuous reaction between Fentons and organic matter.

O estado do Rio Grande do Sul é o maior produtor mundial de ágatas. No beneficiamento, as pedras são submetidas a processos de tingimento para agregar valor ao produto. A prática acarreta em um problema ambiental na região devido ao efluente líquido gerado no processo. Um dos processos de tingimento aplicados é com o corante Rodamina B, que proporciona uma coloração rosa avermelhada. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o emprego da reação de Fenton combinada com a adsorção para o tratamento do efluente líquido contendo o corante orgânico Rodamina B gerado no tingimento de ágatas. O efluente industrial foi caracterizado e o estudo foi desenvolvido em três fases distintas: a primeira compreendeu o tratamento por meio da reação de Fenton; a segunda o emprego da adsorção como processo adicional após a reação de Fenton; e a terceira a integração de ambos os processos. O efluente continha uma concentração de 772 mg.L-1 de Rodamina B e 3% de etanol em sua composição, resultando em um fator de toxicidade (FT) de 526 para o organismo Daphnia similis. No tratamento pela Reação de Fenton, definiu-se como melhor dosagem 11,1 g.L-1 de sulfato ferroso e 20 mL.L-1 de peróxido de oxigênio (numa relação molar Fe2+/H2O2 de 1/7,5), o que permitiu a remoção total do álcool, uma redução média da absorbância em 554 nm de 99,9%, uma redução do COT de 93,3%, um incremento da tensão superficial de 58,9 para 64,4 mN.m-1 e o fator de toxicidade FT passou para 16 No estudo de adsorção, avaliaram-se os adsorventes carvão ativado, na forma pulverizada (CAP) e granulada (CAG), e cinza de casca de arroz (CCA). O carvão ativado pulverizado (CAP) se apresentou como a melhor opção para a remoção de cor residual após a reação de Fenton. A melhor condição para o descolorimento do efluente foi com o uso de uma concentração de CAP de 0,5 g.L-1 e um tempo de contato de 60 minutos. O pH do meio não apresentou influência dentro da faixa compreendida entre 6 e 9. A remoção da coloração residual visível foi completa. Contudo, o processo de adsorção não proporcionou mudanças substanciais no COT, na tensão superficial e do fator de toxicidade. A integração do processo Fenton com adsorção com CAP foi possível. A precipitação do Fe3+ gerado na Reação de Fenton em pH 8,0 possibilitou a coagulação das partículas de CAP, permitindo a clarificação do efluente. O ajuste do pH para 8,0 com Ca(OH)2 proporcionou uma redução dos íons sulfatos, da condutividade e a obtenção de um lodo mais denso do que com NaOH. O uso de um polímero floculante auxilia nesta operação, acelerando a etapa de separação sólido-líquido.A integração dos processos resultou em efluente sem coloração, com uma redução da carga orgânica acima de 90% e um FT igual a 4. Assim, conclui-se que a integração dos processos Fenton e adsorção agrega melhorias em aspectos operacionais e proporciona uma altaeficiência de tratamento. Os processos reúnem reações de oxidação, coagulação, air striping e adsorção que permitiram a remoção de poluentes. / The state of Rio Grande do Sul is the world's largest producer of agates. In the processing, the stones are submitted to dyeing processes to add value to the product. The practice causes an environmental problem in the region due to the wastewater generated in the process. One of the dyeing processes applied is with Rhodamine B, which provides a reddish-pink coloration. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the use of Fenton reaction combined with adsorption for the treatment of the wastewater containing the organic dye Rhodamine B generated in the agate processing. The industrial wastewater was characterized and the study was developed in three distinct phases: the first comprised the treatment through the Fenton reaction; the second, the use of adsorption as an additional process after the Fenton reaction; and the third, the integration of both processes. The wastewater contained a concentration of 772 mg L-1 of Rhodamine B and 3% of ethanol in its composition, resulting in a toxicity factor (FT) of 526 for the organism Daphnia similis. In the Fenton reaction treatment, 11.1 g L-1 of ferrous sulfate and 20 mL L-1 of oxygen peroxide (in a molar ratio Fe2+/H2O2 of 1/7.5) were defined as the best dosage, which allowed a total alcohol removal, an average absorbance reduction of 99.9% at 554 nm, a TOC reduction of 93.3%, an increase in surface tension from 58.9 to 64.4 mN m-1 and the FT toxicity factor decreased to 16. In the adsorption study, adsorbents evaluated were activated coal in the pulverized (CAP) and granulated (CAG) forms, and rice husk ash (CCA). The pulverized activated carbon (CAP) was presented as the best option for the removal of residual color after the Fenton reaction The best condition for discoloration of the wastewater was with the use of a CAP at a concentration of 0.5 g L-1 and a stirring time of 60 minutes. The pH of the solution had no influence within the range of 6 to 9. Removal of visible residual color was complete. However, the adsorption process did not provide substantial changes in TOC, surface tension and toxicity factor. Integration of the Fenton process with adsorption with CAP was possible. The Fe3+ precipitated in the Fenton reaction at pH 8.0 allowing coagulation of the CAP particles and the clarification of the effluent. Adjusting the pH to 8.0 with Ca(OH)2, instead of NaOH, provided a reduction in the concentration of sulfate ions, a decrease in the conductivity and a thicker slurry. The use of a flocculants assists this operation, accelerating the solid-liquid separation step. The integration of the processes resulted in an uncolored wastewater with an organic load reduction above 90% and a FT of 4. Thus, the integration of the Fenton and adsorption processes improves the operation and provides high treatment efficiency. The processes combine oxidation, coagulation, air striping and adsorption mechanisms that allowed the removal of pollutants.

O estado do Rio Grande do Sul é o maior produtor mundial de ágatas. No beneficiamento, as pedras são submetidas a processos de tingimento para agregar valor ao produto. A prática acarreta em um problema ambiental na região devido ao efluente líquido gerado no processo. Um dos processos de tingimento aplicados é com o corante Rodamina B, que proporciona uma coloração rosa avermelhada. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o emprego da reação de Fenton combinada com a adsorção para o tratamento do efluente líquido contendo o corante orgânico Rodamina B gerado no tingimento de ágatas. O efluente industrial foi caracterizado e o estudo foi desenvolvido em três fases distintas: a primeira compreendeu o tratamento por meio da reação de Fenton; a segunda o emprego da adsorção como processo adicional após a reação de Fenton; e a terceira a integração de ambos os processos. O efluente continha uma concentração de 772 mg.L-1 de Rodamina B e 3% de etanol em sua composição, resultando em um fator de toxicidade (FT) de 526 para o organismo Daphnia similis. No tratamento pela Reação de Fenton, definiu-se como melhor dosagem 11,1 g.L-1 de sulfato ferroso e 20 mL.L-1 de peróxido de oxigênio (numa relação molar Fe2+/H2O2 de 1/7,5), o que permitiu a remoção total do álcool, uma redução média da absorbância em 554 nm de 99,9%, uma redução do COT de 93,3%, um incremento da tensão superficial de 58,9 para 64,4 mN.m-1 e o fator de toxicidade FT passou para 16 No estudo de adsorção, avaliaram-se os adsorventes carvão ativado, na forma pulverizada (CAP) e granulada (CAG), e cinza de casca de arroz (CCA). O carvão ativado pulverizado (CAP) se apresentou como a melhor opção para a remoção de cor residual após a reação de Fenton. A melhor condição para o descolorimento do efluente foi com o uso de uma concentração de CAP de 0,5 g.L-1 e um tempo de contato de 60 minutos. O pH do meio não apresentou influência dentro da faixa compreendida entre 6 e 9. A remoção da coloração residual visível foi completa. Contudo, o processo de adsorção não proporcionou mudanças substanciais no COT, na tensão superficial e do fator de toxicidade. A integração do processo Fenton com adsorção com CAP foi possível. A precipitação do Fe3+ gerado na Reação de Fenton em pH 8,0 possibilitou a coagulação das partículas de CAP, permitindo a clarificação do efluente. O ajuste do pH para 8,0 com Ca(OH)2 proporcionou uma redução dos íons sulfatos, da condutividade e a obtenção de um lodo mais denso do que com NaOH. O uso de um polímero floculante auxilia nesta operação, acelerando a etapa de separação sólido-líquido.A integração dos processos resultou em efluente sem coloração, com uma redução da carga orgânica acima de 90% e um FT igual a 4. Assim, conclui-se que a integração dos processos Fenton e adsorção agrega melhorias em aspectos operacionais e proporciona uma altaeficiência de tratamento. Os processos reúnem reações de oxidação, coagulação, air striping e adsorção que permitiram a remoção de poluentes. / The state of Rio Grande do Sul is the world's largest producer of agates. In the processing, the stones are submitted to dyeing processes to add value to the product. The practice causes an environmental problem in the region due to the wastewater generated in the process. One of the dyeing processes applied is with Rhodamine B, which provides a reddish-pink coloration. Thus, the objective of this work was to investigate the use of Fenton reaction combined with adsorption for the treatment of the wastewater containing the organic dye Rhodamine B generated in the agate processing. The industrial wastewater was characterized and the study was developed in three distinct phases: the first comprised the treatment through the Fenton reaction; the second, the use of adsorption as an additional process after the Fenton reaction; and the third, the integration of both processes. The wastewater contained a concentration of 772 mg L-1 of Rhodamine B and 3% of ethanol in its composition, resulting in a toxicity factor (FT) of 526 for the organism Daphnia similis. In the Fenton reaction treatment, 11.1 g L-1 of ferrous sulfate and 20 mL L-1 of oxygen peroxide (in a molar ratio Fe2+/H2O2 of 1/7.5) were defined as the best dosage, which allowed a total alcohol removal, an average absorbance reduction of 99.9% at 554 nm, a TOC reduction of 93.3%, an increase in surface tension from 58.9 to 64.4 mN m-1 and the FT toxicity factor decreased to 16. In the adsorption study, adsorbents evaluated were activated coal in the pulverized (CAP) and granulated (CAG) forms, and rice husk ash (CCA). The pulverized activated carbon (CAP) was presented as the best option for the removal of residual color after the Fenton reaction The best condition for discoloration of the wastewater was with the use of a CAP at a concentration of 0.5 g L-1 and a stirring time of 60 minutes. The pH of the solution had no influence within the range of 6 to 9. Removal of visible residual color was complete. However, the adsorption process did not provide substantial changes in TOC, surface tension and toxicity factor. Integration of the Fenton process with adsorption with CAP was possible. The Fe3+ precipitated in the Fenton reaction at pH 8.0 allowing coagulation of the CAP particles and the clarification of the effluent. Adjusting the pH to 8.0 with Ca(OH)2, instead of NaOH, provided a reduction in the concentration of sulfate ions, a decrease in the conductivity and a thicker slurry. The use of a flocculants assists this operation, accelerating the solid-liquid separation step. The integration of the processes resulted in an uncolored wastewater with an organic load reduction above 90% and a FT of 4. Thus, the integration of the Fenton and adsorption processes improves the operation and provides high treatment efficiency. The processes combine oxidation, coagulation, air striping and adsorption mechanisms that allowed the removal of pollutants.

Submitted by Eduarda Figueiredo (eduarda.ffigueiredo@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-10T19:09:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Corrigida e Revisada - Danielle Pires.pdf: 2270594 bytes, checksum: 1e623458bf79ebfa898dadf390afa49f (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-10T19:09:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Corrigida e Revisada - Danielle Pires.pdf: 2270594 bytes, checksum: 1e623458bf79ebfa898dadf390afa49f (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-18 / CAPES / A comunidade científica tem se preocupado com a qualidade da água, visto o aumento da contaminação da mesma. Dentre tantas fontes de contaminação, o descarte de efluentes industriais merece destaque e atenção devido ao seu alto volume e grau de poluição. Uma classe de poluentes vem despertando o interesse dos pesquisadores: Contaminantes Emergentes (CE), pois são encontrados em baixas concentrações entre μg.L-1 e pg. L-1. Alterações na saúde humana, como cânceres; deficiências em animais como diminuição da fertilidade e disfunção da tireóide; resistência microbiológica e acúmulo dessas substâncias no meio ambiente são alguns dos efeitos atribuídos aos CE. Um tipo de CE merece destaque: Interferentes Endócrinos (IE), estes são considerados pela USEPA como uma das seis áreas de pesquisas mais importantes, o que se deve ao aumento expressivo desses compostos ao longo dos últimos anos. Entre as muitas substâncias consideradas IE os Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos (HPA) tem despertado o interesse de pesquisadores, devido à sua ubiquidade e os seus efeitos tóxicos, mutagênicos e carcinogênicos em animais e seres humanos. Devido à ineficiência do tratamento de efluente convencional na eliminação desses compostos, uma técnica que tem se mostrado atrativa nos últimos anos é o Processo Oxidativo Avançado (POA), que consiste na geração de um radical hidroxila livre altamente oxidante, que reage com grande parte de compostos orgânicos gerando CO2 e H2O. Tendo em vista a baixa concentração desses micropulentes é necessário um método analítico com baixos limites de detecção e alta seletividade sendo equipamentos como o CG-EM uma boa alternativa. No presente estudo, foram analisadas amostras do Riacho Algodoais – Suape / PE. Coletas foram realizadas ao longo do riacho, para investigação da ocorrência e concentração de HPA. Parâmetros de qualidade como DBO apresentaram valores acima da legislação pertinente. A técnica estatística de ACP permitiu observar o comportamento de cada ponto estudado em relação aos parâmetros de qualidade da água. Para identificação e quantificação dos HPA, as amostras foram submetidas ao processo de ELL, e em seguida concentradas para análise no CG-EM. Nas duas primeiras coletas, foram quantificados sete diferentes HPA, onde o somatório destes de maior concentração foi no ponto 2 com um valor igual a 33,06 μg.L-1. Na terceira coleta executada apenas no ponto 2, encontraram-se nove HPA, inclusive o Benzo(a)pireno que é considerado o mais carcinogênico dentre os HPA. As fontes dos HPA foram identificadas ao longo do riacho sendo elas petrogênicas e pirogênicas. Realizou-se um POA (Foto-Fenton) na amostra com reatores de bancada com radiação UV-A e UV-C. O percentual de degradação máximo obtido foi 98,57%, utilizando luz UV-A. O estudo cinético foi realizado a partir do Carbono Orgânico Total (COT), onde se obteve 44% de conversão do COT e a modelagem cinética foi satisfatória com R2 igual a 0,949. Houve uma degradação total dos HPA, porém uma mineralização parcial dos mesmos.

Submitted by marcus mattos (marcusrenato.eng@outlook.com) on 2018-10-16T03:25:40Z No. of bitstreams: 5 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MARCUS RENATO PINHEIRO MATTOS.pdf: 2238757 bytes, checksum: 27035a42725bfc112503b363003eed59 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA PARTE 1.pdf: 333190 bytes, checksum: 67da1fa6b28cf1c6ad5739218660096b (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA PARTE 2.pdf: 372044 bytes, checksum: 3807d2da0df7aa2cf4869cbf61f33067 (MD5) CARTA DE ENCAMINHAMENTO.pdf: 277982 bytes, checksum: 7802f48b40c8401fd0aa3cf78b32ab7e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by PPGCEM Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais (ppgcem@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-10-16T12:45:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MARCUS RENATO PINHEIRO MATTOS.pdf: 2238757 bytes, checksum: 27035a42725bfc112503b363003eed59 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA PARTE 1.pdf: 333190 bytes, checksum: 67da1fa6b28cf1c6ad5739218660096b (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA PARTE 2.pdf: 372044 bytes, checksum: 3807d2da0df7aa2cf4869cbf61f33067 (MD5) CARTA DE ENCAMINHAMENTO.pdf: 277982 bytes, checksum: 7802f48b40c8401fd0aa3cf78b32ab7e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-10-16T17:50:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MARCUS RENATO PINHEIRO MATTOS.pdf: 2238757 bytes, checksum: 27035a42725bfc112503b363003eed59 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA PARTE 1.pdf: 333190 bytes, checksum: 67da1fa6b28cf1c6ad5739218660096b (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA PARTE 2.pdf: 372044 bytes, checksum: 3807d2da0df7aa2cf4869cbf61f33067 (MD5) CARTA DE ENCAMINHAMENTO.pdf: 277982 bytes, checksum: 7802f48b40c8401fd0aa3cf78b32ab7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T17:50:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO MARCUS RENATO PINHEIRO MATTOS.pdf: 2238757 bytes, checksum: 27035a42725bfc112503b363003eed59 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA PARTE 1.pdf: 333190 bytes, checksum: 67da1fa6b28cf1c6ad5739218660096b (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA PARTE 2.pdf: 372044 bytes, checksum: 3807d2da0df7aa2cf4869cbf61f33067 (MD5) CARTA DE ENCAMINHAMENTO.pdf: 277982 bytes, checksum: 7802f48b40c8401fd0aa3cf78b32ab7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-03 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The discharge of organic pollutants in land surface and wastewater soils is harmful to human health and the aquatic environment. At this juncture, Advanced Oxidative Processes (AOP’s) are attractive options, since they have in their essence the formation of hydroxyl radicals (HO•) that act as oxidants in the elimination of contaminants. The AOP’s offer different routes, among them, it is possible to highlight the heterogeneous Photo-Fenton process when using a semiconductor in the solid state, such as iron oxide in the hematite phase (α-Fe2O3) in combination with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) under visible light irradiation. Thus, the objective of this work was to synthesize iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles by the polymer precursors method (Pechini), varying the calcination temperature, and characterize them using the techniques of Thermogravimetry (TGA / DTG), X-Ray Fluorescence (FRX), X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). As well as investigating the degradation of the Methylene Blue (MB) dye through the heterogeneous Photo-Fenton process by means of a 35W Xenon Lamp, a glass beaker containing 40 mL of the MB dye at 10 mg.L-1 , adding H2O2 around 0 to 1% of the volume of the MB solution, beside that to adding 20 mg of the samples synthesized in the system that was under constant stirring. Therefore, aliquots were taken at regular intervals for analysis on the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Thus, by means of the XRD technique, the presence of the hematite (α - Fe2O3) phase was confirmed in the samples obtained. In addition, it was found that using 200 microliters of H2O2 in the system, higher efficiency was achieved for all samples, so that the calcined at 1000 °C degraded 91.764% of the AM dye within 1 hour. Thus, the results indicated the feasibility of the Pechini method to obtain α - Fe2O3 nanoparticles and their use in the heterogeneous Photo - Fenton process in the visible light, since this represents 46% of the solar irradiation on the terrestrial surface, which makes its application attractive for the degradation of organic contaminants in waste water. / O despejo de poluentes orgânicos tanto em solos da superfície terrestre como em águas residuais é prejudicial à saúde humana e ao meio aquático. Nessa conjuntura, os Processos Oxidativos Avançados (POA’s) são opções atrativas, pois possuem na sua essência a formação de radicais hidroxila (HO•) que atuam como oxidantes na eliminação desses contaminantes. Os POA’s oferecem diferentes rotas, dentre essas, pode-se destacar o processo Foto-Fenton heterogêneo perante o emprego de um semicondutor no estado sólido, tal como o óxido de ferro na fase hematita (α - Fe2O3) em combinação com o peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) sob irradiação à luz visível. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi sintetizar nanopartículas de óxido de ferro (Fe2O3) pelo método dos precursores poliméricos (Pechini), variando a temperatura de calcinação, e caracterizá-las por meio das técnicas de Termogravimetria (TGA/DTG), Fluorescência de Raios X (FRX), Difratometria de Raios X (DRX), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia na região do Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e Espectroscopia de Reflectância Difusa (ERD). Assim como, investigar a degradação do corante Azul de Metileno (AM) através do processo Foto-Fenton heterogêneo por intermédio de uma lâmpada de Xenon 35W, e um béquer de vidro contendo o corante AM a 10 mg.L -1 , adicionando H2O2 em torno de 0 a 1% dentre o volume da solução de AM, além de acrescentar 20 mg das amostras sintetizadas no sistema que se encontrava sob agitação constante. Por conseguinte, foram retiradas alíquotas em intervalos regulares para a realização de análises por meio da técnica espectrofotômetria UV-Vis. Assim, por meio da técnica de DRX foi confirmada a presença da fase hematita (α - Fe2O3) nas amostras obtidas. Além disso, foi constatado que utilizando 200 microlitros de H2O2 no sistema, alcançou-se uma maior eficiência para todas as amostras, de forma que aquela calcinada a 1000 ºC degradou 91,764% do corante AM no período de 1 hora. Dessa maneira, os resultados indicaram a viabilidade do método de Pechini para a obtenção de nanopartículas de α - Fe2O3 e o seu emprego no processo FotoFenton heterogêneo a luz visível, visto que essa representa 46% da irradiação solar na superfície terrestre, o que torna atrativo a sua aplicação para a degradação de contaminantes orgânicos em águas residuais.