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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Argamassas com adição de fibras de polipropileno -estudo do comportamento reológico e mecânico. / Mortars with polypropylene fibres´addition - study of the rheological and mechanical behavior.

Silva, Rosiany da Paixão 19 June 2006 (has links)
Buscando evitar as anomalias surgidas nos revestimentos de argamassa, muitos projetistas e construtores têm procurado soluções alternativas, dentre as quais aparece o emprego de argamassas com adição de fibras. Porém, o conhecimento sobre o comportamento deste compósito é empírico, principalmente no Brasil, onde inexistem pesquisas sistêmicas sobre o assunto. A partir deste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a influência da adição de fibras de polipropileno em argamassas para revestimento, no que se refere ao seu comportamento reológico e mecânico. Para avaliar o comportamento reológico, foram empregadas as técnicas de ensaio dropping ball e squeeze flow, e a avaliação da aplicabilidade quanto à execução do revestimento, utilizando o conhecimento de um operário experiente. Para avaliar o comportamento mecânico, foram utilizados ensaios relativos a resistência à tração na flexão, resistência à compressão e módulo de elasticidade dinâmico. Os compósitos de argamassa produzidos no trabalho apresentam variação na matriz e no teor de fibras. A variação na matriz compreendeu o tipo de argamassa e a dosagem de água. Foram utilizadas duas argamassas, largamente empregadas no mercado da Construção Civil, uma com baixo teor de ar incorporado (da ordem de 5%) e outra com alto teor (da ordem de 30%) e foram utilizados seis teores de água. Quanto à fibra, empregou-se um único tipo, com 6mm de comprimento, variando-se o seu teor na mistura, com cinco dosagens distintas. Como resultado, constatou-se que a adição de fibras influencia na reologia das argamassas devido (não somente) às suas características físicas e mecânicas, mas também porque ao serem introduzidas, modificam fortemente as características da matriz original, como por exemplo, as alterações do teor de ar incorporado. Assim, constatou-se que a adição de fibras na argamassa com baixo teor de ar elevou este teor; enquanto na com alto teor de ar, a adição de fibras reduziu o teor de ar. Estas alterações conferiram condições de aplicabilidade particulares a cada tipo de argamassa. O comportamento mecânico das argamassas também foi alterado. Dentre os “modificadores reológicos" estudados, o teor de fibras na argamassa com baixo teor de ar incorporado foi o que mais contribuiu com a alteração da propriedade mecânica; enquanto para a argamassa com alto teor de ar, o teor de água é o que mais afeta o comportamento mecânico. / Many designers and constructors have been looking for alternative solutions trying to avoid types of anomalies in the mortar rendering. One of these solutions is the application of mortar with fibres’ addition. However, the knowledge concerning the composite behavior is very empirical, mainly in Brazil where there are no systematic researches about this subject. From this context, the objective of this job is to investigate the influence of the polypropylene fibres’ addition in the rheological and mechanical behavior of the mortar applied in rendering. For the study of the rheological behavior, laboratory evaluations were done using the following methods: dropping ball and squeeze flow. Furthermore, for the applicability evaluation, the knowledge of an expert was taken into account. For the study of the mechanical behavior, laboratory evaluations were done using the following methods: evaluation of the flexural strength, compressive strenght and dynamic elastic modulus. In this job, the mortar composites present variation in the matrice and fibre. The variation in the matrice involves the mortar type and the water dosage. Two mortars widely used in the civil construction market were used in this present work: one with low air voids formation (about 5%) and other with high air voids formation (about 30%). Six water percentages were also used in the matrice variation. Polypropylene fibres with length 6mm were used in the fibre variation. Five different fibre percentages were used in the mixes. As results, the fibres’ addition evidenced alterations in the mortars rheological due (not only) to physicals and mechanicals characteristics, but also because when the fibres were inserted, they modified the characteristics of the original matrice strongly, as for example, the alteration of the incorporated air percentage. So, the fibres’ addition in the mortar with low air voids formation increased the air formation; while in the mortar with high air voids formation, the fibres’ addition decreased the air formation. These alterations evidenced the specifics applicability conditions for each type of mortar. The mortar mechanical behavior also was altered. Inside the “rheological modifications" studied, the fibre percentage in the mortar with low air voids formation was what more contributed with the alteration of the mechanical property; while that the mortar with high air voids formation, the water percentage is what more affected the mechanical behavior.
2

Argamassas com adição de fibras de polipropileno -estudo do comportamento reológico e mecânico. / Mortars with polypropylene fibres´addition - study of the rheological and mechanical behavior.

Rosiany da Paixão Silva 19 June 2006 (has links)
Buscando evitar as anomalias surgidas nos revestimentos de argamassa, muitos projetistas e construtores têm procurado soluções alternativas, dentre as quais aparece o emprego de argamassas com adição de fibras. Porém, o conhecimento sobre o comportamento deste compósito é empírico, principalmente no Brasil, onde inexistem pesquisas sistêmicas sobre o assunto. A partir deste contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a influência da adição de fibras de polipropileno em argamassas para revestimento, no que se refere ao seu comportamento reológico e mecânico. Para avaliar o comportamento reológico, foram empregadas as técnicas de ensaio dropping ball e squeeze flow, e a avaliação da aplicabilidade quanto à execução do revestimento, utilizando o conhecimento de um operário experiente. Para avaliar o comportamento mecânico, foram utilizados ensaios relativos a resistência à tração na flexão, resistência à compressão e módulo de elasticidade dinâmico. Os compósitos de argamassa produzidos no trabalho apresentam variação na matriz e no teor de fibras. A variação na matriz compreendeu o tipo de argamassa e a dosagem de água. Foram utilizadas duas argamassas, largamente empregadas no mercado da Construção Civil, uma com baixo teor de ar incorporado (da ordem de 5%) e outra com alto teor (da ordem de 30%) e foram utilizados seis teores de água. Quanto à fibra, empregou-se um único tipo, com 6mm de comprimento, variando-se o seu teor na mistura, com cinco dosagens distintas. Como resultado, constatou-se que a adição de fibras influencia na reologia das argamassas devido (não somente) às suas características físicas e mecânicas, mas também porque ao serem introduzidas, modificam fortemente as características da matriz original, como por exemplo, as alterações do teor de ar incorporado. Assim, constatou-se que a adição de fibras na argamassa com baixo teor de ar elevou este teor; enquanto na com alto teor de ar, a adição de fibras reduziu o teor de ar. Estas alterações conferiram condições de aplicabilidade particulares a cada tipo de argamassa. O comportamento mecânico das argamassas também foi alterado. Dentre os “modificadores reológicos” estudados, o teor de fibras na argamassa com baixo teor de ar incorporado foi o que mais contribuiu com a alteração da propriedade mecânica; enquanto para a argamassa com alto teor de ar, o teor de água é o que mais afeta o comportamento mecânico. / Many designers and constructors have been looking for alternative solutions trying to avoid types of anomalies in the mortar rendering. One of these solutions is the application of mortar with fibres’ addition. However, the knowledge concerning the composite behavior is very empirical, mainly in Brazil where there are no systematic researches about this subject. From this context, the objective of this job is to investigate the influence of the polypropylene fibres’ addition in the rheological and mechanical behavior of the mortar applied in rendering. For the study of the rheological behavior, laboratory evaluations were done using the following methods: dropping ball and squeeze flow. Furthermore, for the applicability evaluation, the knowledge of an expert was taken into account. For the study of the mechanical behavior, laboratory evaluations were done using the following methods: evaluation of the flexural strength, compressive strenght and dynamic elastic modulus. In this job, the mortar composites present variation in the matrice and fibre. The variation in the matrice involves the mortar type and the water dosage. Two mortars widely used in the civil construction market were used in this present work: one with low air voids formation (about 5%) and other with high air voids formation (about 30%). Six water percentages were also used in the matrice variation. Polypropylene fibres with length 6mm were used in the fibre variation. Five different fibre percentages were used in the mixes. As results, the fibres’ addition evidenced alterations in the mortars rheological due (not only) to physicals and mechanicals characteristics, but also because when the fibres were inserted, they modified the characteristics of the original matrice strongly, as for example, the alteration of the incorporated air percentage. So, the fibres’ addition in the mortar with low air voids formation increased the air formation; while in the mortar with high air voids formation, the fibres’ addition decreased the air formation. These alterations evidenced the specifics applicability conditions for each type of mortar. The mortar mechanical behavior also was altered. Inside the “rheological modifications” studied, the fibre percentage in the mortar with low air voids formation was what more contributed with the alteration of the mechanical property; while that the mortar with high air voids formation, the water percentage is what more affected the mechanical behavior.
3

Propuesta de uso de cenizas de cáscara de arroz y fibras de polipropileno en diseños de mezclas de concreto para el control de fisuras en losas macizas entrepiso in-situ en la ciudad de Lima / Proposal for the use of rice husk ash and polypropylene fibers in concrete mix designs for the control of cracking in concrete structures in the city of Lima

Cano Duplex, Bryan Alexander, Galarza Mateo, Edwin Jean Marco 30 November 2020 (has links)
La presente investigación fue elaborada con el fin de estudiar la influencia que tiene el agregar cenizas de cascara de arroz (CCA) y fibras de polipropileno (FPP) en la fisuración por contracción plástica del concreto. El estudio de investigación tuvo lugar en la ciudad de Lima, donde nos enfocamos a investigar las propiedades plásticas y mecánicas de un concreto f´c=210 kg/cm2, que se utiliza comúnmente en la fabricación de losas macizas, con reemplazo parcial del cemento por CCA en porcentajes de 5%, 10% y 15% respecto a su peso, y FPP en rendimiento de 900 gr/m3. Las principales propiedades en estado endurecido fueron investigadas, la resistencia a la compresión y la resistencia a la flexión y la propiedad en estado plástico que se desarrolló fue la fisuración debido a la contracción plástica a través del ensayo ASTM C1579. Teniendo en cuenta que no existe un acuerdo relativo al ancho de fisura máxima en un elemento estructural, se decidió utilizar límites entre 0.2 a 0.4 mm, para ambientes normales, sugeridos por el Mg. Ing. Gianfranco Ottazzi. De los resultados obtenidos, la mezcla adicionada con CCA en reemplazo parcial del cemento en 5%, 10% y 15% junto con las FPP en rendimiento de 900 gr/m3, podemos inferir que las CCA reducirán, no de manera significativa, las propiedades de la resistencia de un concreto f´c= 210 kg/cm2, sin embargo, reducen el promedio de apariciones de fisuras producidas en las losas macizas debido la contracción plástica del mismo. / The present investigation was elaborated with the purpose of studying the influence of the addition of rice husk ash (RHA) and polypropylene fibers (PPF) on the plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete. The research study took place in the city of Lima, where we focused on investigating the plastic and mechanical properties of a concrete f´c = 210 kg / cm2, which is commonly used in the manufacture of solid slabs, with partial replacement of the cement by RHA in percentages of 5%, 10% and 15% respect to its weight and PPF in yield of 900 g / m3. The main properties in the hardened state were investigated, the compressive strength and flexural strength and the property in the plastic state that developed was cracking due to plastic shrinkage through the ASTM C1579 test. Taking into account that there is no agreement regarding the maximum width in a structural element, it was decided to use limits between 0.2 to 0.4 mm, for normal environments, suggested by Mg. Eng. Gianfranco Ottazzi. According to the results obtained, the mixture added with RHA in replacement of cement in percentages of 5%, 10% and 15% together with PPF in yield of 900 gr / m3, we can infer that the RHA will reduce, not significantly, the strength properties of a concrete f´c = 210 kg / cm2, however, reduce the average occurrence of cracks produced in solid slabs due to the plastic shrinkage of the same. / Tesis
4

Estudio experimental de mejoramiento de las propiedades de resistencia al corte de un suelo expansivo con polvo de vidrio reciclado y fibras de polipropileno en la ciudad de Talara, departamento de Piura

Pusari Quispe, Oscar Alonso, Rodriguez Machuca, Joao Yhazzir 07 December 2020 (has links)
Los resultados del estudio que se expone en la presente tesis, tratan sobre las arcillas expansivas en “Talara”, en base a resultados obtenidos en los ensayos de laboratorio como el Análisis Granulométrico por Tamizado, ensayo de Límite Líquido, Límite Plástico e Índice de Plasticidad, ensayo de Proctor modificado y el ensayo Corte Directo. Cabe decir que dichos ensayos se realizaron tomando como punto de partida las características geológicas, geomorfológicas, geotécnicas y la evaluación de daños en las diversas estructuras de la zona como viviendas producto de la expansión y consolidación del terreno. La problemática se origina a raíz del suelo arcilloso, ya que la principal característica que puede tener ese tipo de suelo es que sea un suelo expansivo, por lo tanto, se debe tener en consideración mejorar el suelo para evitar posteriormente daños estructurales. En la investigación se describirán las principales consecuencias y factores que intervienen en el fenómeno de la expansión y el cómo enfrentar a este tipo de suelo. El presente estudio busca la mejora del suelo mediante una técnica innovadora, eco amigable y factible como es la estabilización física usando el vidrio reciclado y las fibras de polipropileno (materiales de desecho en las operaciones de la construcción), ya que en la actualidad estos dos tipos de materiales generan un impacto negativo en el medio ambiente, por lo cual se trata de reutilizar dichos materiales en el mejoramiento del suelo. El estudio se basó en una muestra de suelo medianamente expansivo, debido al registro del Límite Líquido, Límite Plástico e Índice de Plasticidad, extraído de la Urbanización Sudamérica, localizado en Talara, Piura con el fin de mejorarlo, para luego verificar el comportamiento de mejora de las propiedades de resistencia al corte del suelo. Como parte del desarrollo de la investigación se realizaron los diversos ensayos para comprobar con datos numéricos la mejora del suelo, otorgando porcentajes de sustitución con respecto al peso seco (0%, 5%, 6% y 7.5%) a la muestra en estado natural. Finalmente, se obtuvieron las mejoras de las propiedades de resistencia al corte con un porcentaje de sustitución equivalente a 5%, el cual registra las mejoras en cohesión y ángulo de fricción. / The results of the study that is presented in this thesis, deals with the expansive clays in "Talara", based on results obtained in laboratory tests such as the Granulometric Analysis by Screening, Liquid Limit test, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index, modified Proctor test and the Direct Cut test. It is possible to say that these tests were carried out taking as a starting point the geological, geomorphological, geotechnical characteristics and the evaluation of damages in the different structures of the area as houses product of the expansion and consolidation of the land. The problem originates from the clay soil, since the main characteristic that this type of soil can have is that it is an expansive soil, therefore, it is necessary to consider improving the soil to subsequently avoid structural damage. The research will describe the main consequences and factors involved in the phenomenon of expansion and how to deal with this type of soil. The present study seeks to improve the soil through an innovative, eco-friendly and feasible technique such as physical stabilization using recycled glass and polypropylene fibers (waste materials in construction operations), since these two are currently Types of materials generate a negative impact on the environment, so it is about reusing these materials in soil improvement. The study was based on a sample of moderately expansive soil, due to the registry of the Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index, extracted from the South American Urbanization, located in Talara, Piura in order to improve it, and then verify the improvement behavior of the properties of resistance to the cut of the floor. As part of the development of the research, the various tests were carried out to verify the improvement of the soil with numerical data, granting replacement percentages with respect to dry weight (0%, 5%, 6% and 7.5%) to the sample in its natural state . Finally, the improvements of the properties of resistance to the cut with a percentage of substitution equivalent to 5% were obtained, which records the improvements in cohesion and angle of friction. / Tesis
5

Incorporación de fibras de polipropileno como método de reforzamiento de suelos arcillosos en Palian - Huancayo / Clay soil reinforcement by using Polypropylene Fiber at Palian - Huancayo

Arrelucé Montenegro, Sebastian, Solís Larrauri, Grecia Luciana 03 May 2021 (has links)
Esta tesis tiene como objetivo evaluar un método de reforzamiento propuesto en base a la incorporación de fibras de polipropileno con la finalidad de incrementar la resistencia y mejorar las características mecánicas del suelo arcilloso de Palian – Huancayo. La arcilla es un suelo cohesivo constituido por partículas finas, estas características determinan la capacidad de deformación y compresión, además poseen baja resistencia al corte y a cargas. Debido a ello se busca reforzar y mejorar el comportamiento mecánico de la arcilla mediante métodos físicos y químicos. Esta investigación propone la adición fibras de polipropileno como método de reforzamiento para lo cual se analizó el suelo remoldeado con diferentes porcentajes de fibras adicionadas 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 y una longitud de fibra de 10 milímetros. Se realizaron ensayos de caracterización física para identificar el suelo natural remoldeado: granulometría por sedimentación, límites de consistencia y gravedad específica de los sólidos. Se sometió el suelo natural remoldeado y las mezclas con diferentes porcentajes de fibras a los siguientes ensayos de caracterización mecánica para determinar las variaciones en el comportamiento: ensayo de compactación estándar, ensayo de corte directo y ensayo de compresión simple. Los valores obtenidos mediante los ensayos realizados demostraron la mejora de las características mecánicas del suelo siendo la mezcla de 0.4% de fibras de polipropileno la que brinda un mejor resultado en comparación con las mezclas de menor proporción. / This thesis aims to evaluate a reinforcement method based on the incorporation of polypropylene fibers to increase the strength and improve the mechanical characteristics of Palian- Huancayo’s clay soil. Clay is a cohesive soil consisting of fine particles, these characteristics determine the capacity of deformation and compression, as well as low resistance to cutting and loads. Therefore, it seeks to strengthen and improve the mechanical behavior of clay through physical and chemical methods. This research proposes the addition of polypropylene fibers as reinforcement method for which the soil under study was analyzed with different percentages of fibers added 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and a fiber length of 10 millimeters. Physical characterization tests were carried out to identify the natural soil: granulometry by sedimentation, limits of consistency and specific gravity of the solids. The natural soil and the mixtures with different percentages of fibers were subjected to the following mechanical characterization tests to determine the variations in behavior: Standard compaction test, unconfined compression test, and shear direct test. The values obtained through the tests demonstrated the improvement of the mechanical characteristics of the soil being the mixture of 0.4% of polypropylene fibers the one that provides a better result compared to the mixtures of a lower proportion. / Tesis

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