No description available.

No description available.

The last few decades have a wide spread use of optical fibre sensors in many applications. Optical fibre sensors have significant benefits over existing conventional sensors such as; high immunity to electromagnetic interference, the ability to transmit signal over long distance at high bandwidth, high resolution, usage in hazardous environments and no need for isolation when working at high voltages. The measurement of high voltages is essential for electrical power systems as it is used as a source of electrical information for Relay Protection Systems (RPS) and load management systems. Electrical Power Systems need to be protected from faults. Faults can range from short circuits, voltage dips, surges, transients etc. The Optical High Voltage sensor developed is based on the principle that the Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) electrostriction displacement changes when a voltage is applied to it. The displacement causes the fibre (FBG) which is bonded to the PZT material to have a resultant change in the wavelength. An optical fibre sensor prototype has been developed and evaluated that measures up to 250 V DC. Simulation using ANSYS software has been used to demonstrate the operational capability of the sensor up to 300kV AC. This sensor overcomes some of the challenges of conventional sensors issues like electromagnetic interference, signal transmission, resolution etc. R BASHOUR 2 A novel optical fibre high voltage based on the Kerr effect has been demonstrated. The The Kerr effect was determined using Optsim (R-Soft) software and Maxwell software was used to model an optical Kerr Cell. Maxwell software is an electromagnetic/electric field software used for simulating, analysing, designing 2D and 3D electromagnetic materials and devices. It uses highly accurate Finite Element techniques to solve time varying, static, frequency domain electric and electromagnetic fields. A Relay Protection System on electrical networks was discussed in detail. Keywords: Fibre Bragg Grating, Fibre Optics Sensors, Piezoelectricity, Kerr effect, Relay Protection Systems.

No description available.

No description available.

Ces travaux portent sur la réalisation de fibres optiques à très grandes aires effectives pour applications aux lasers intenses. Les applications possibles de ces fibres sont le transport ou la génération de puissants faisceaux lasers. En se basant sur la famille de fibre optique appelée : "fibre de Bragg pixélisée", nous avons introduit le concept de double conditions demi-onde appliquée au mode d’ordre supérieur afin d’augmenter les pertes des modes LP11, LP21, LP02. Le principe d’hétérostructuration quant à lui a permis d’accentuer les pertes des modes d’ordre supérieur grâce à un effet de fuite. Ainsi donc, nous avons réalisé une fibre ayant un diamètre de cœur de 48 µm qui a permis l’obtention d’un diamètre de mode de 40 µm à la longueur d’onde 1050 nm. Dans un second temps, une géométrie de gaine plus simplifiée est proposée. Cette nouvelle géométrie de gaine nous a permis d’accéder à des diamètres de modes allant de 47 µm à 69 µm dans le cas de fibre à bande interdite photonique toutes solides. Ce dernier résultat constitue un diamètre de mode record dans le cas des fibres de Bragg toutes solides. / This work concern the design and the realization of large mode area fiber applied to high power laser. The goal of these fibers are the carrying and the generation of powerful beam laser. Based on special laser family called : "Pixaleted Bragg Fiber" we introduced the innovative concept of double half wave stack conditions applied to the higher order mode to increase the losses of LP11, LP21, LP02 modes. The principle of heterostructuration has been applied in order to increase losses of high order modes using the sieve effect. We succeeded in realizing a fiber with a core diameter of 48 µm, allowing mode field diameter of 40 µm at the wavelength 1050 nm. In the second time, cladding’s geometry has been simplified. This new generation of fiber gives us access to mode field diameter from 47 µm to 69 µm in the case of all solid bandgap fiber. This last result is up to now the highest mode field diameter produced for all solid bandgap fibers.

No description available.

A comparison of the wet-spinning and dry-jet wetspinning of acrylic fibres has been carried out using a commercial acrylic polymer (Courtelle). redissolved in dimethyl formamide. The higher speeds possible in dry-jet wet-spinning have been related to the higher free velocity and the higher draw ratios possible. It is believed that the presence of the air-gap in dry-jet wet-spinning allows the removal of the dies well effects as well as other viscoelastic behaviour before coagulation and that this leads to fibres with superior mechanical properties, especially in improvements in extensibility. Conditions are described which allow the production of high tenacity acrylic fibres with tenacity up to 5.8 g/d tex. In an attempt to produce fibres with better mechanical properties under hot-wet conditions, copolymershave been prepared using bicyclo [2,2,1] hepta-2,5-diene as a comonomer. Fibres from such copolymers have low extensibilities and satisfactory fibres could be made only by incorporating, in addition to the bicyclo [2,2,1] hepta-2,5-diene monomer, itaconic acid and by dry-jet wet-spinning. In one such case a fibre was obtained with a slightly higher hot-wet modulus and a considerably reduced hot-wet extensibility when compared with Courtelle fibre

Textiles have always been one of the essential materials for people and have a great variety of uses such as in clothing, agriculture, medical, automotive and aerospace applications. The sort of properties needed for any type of fabric basically depend on the structure of the fibre surface. Of many geometric attributes that can be used to describe the surface appearance of a fibre, yarn, or fabric sample, one of the more common is lustre. Mohair and wool fibre surface structure have been studied using optical microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Optical microscopy was also used to take fibre diameter measurements. Another technique, goniophotometry, was used to make quantitative lustre measurements of mohair and wool fibres. The surface structure of mohair has got a faint pattern of scales where the scales are generally unpronounced or flat and relatively long. Wool has got a scaly surface structure where the scales overlap leading to interlocking of fibres. The scale configuration on the surface of mohair and wool fibres also differs. A qualitative connection between fibre lustre and the fibre surface structure was found. Because of its smooth surface relative to that of wool, mohair reflects a greater amount of incident light specularly whereas wool reflects most of the incident light diffusely. In general, mohair fibres have a higher lustre than wool due to its less prominent cuticle structure found on its surface. Furthermore, mohair fibres with the smallest diameters give an even higher lustre.

No description available.