Thesis (doctoral)--Stockholm University, 1984. / Added t.p. (1 leaf) inserted. Added t.p. with thesis statement, inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-185).

Thesis (doctoral)--Stockholm University, 1984. / Added t.p. (1 leaf) inserted. Added t.p. with thesis statement, inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 177-185).

Thesis (M.A.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Spanish and Portuguese, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-122).

Thesis (Ph. D. in Spanish and Portuguese)--Vanderbilt University, May 2007. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Il giudizio di molti critici e biografi nei confronti di Elmore Leonard è stato tanto positivo quanto un po’ superficiale: è uno dei più validi scrittori di crime fiction americani grazie alla sua particolare ‘prosa cinematografica’ e al suo orecchio per i dialoghi dei personaggi. Credo che invece nelle narrazioni di Leonard ci siano molti altri aspetti degni d’interesse che il mio lavoro cercherà di indagare. Prima di scrivere ‘romanzi del crimine’ (dal 1969, con la pubblicazione di The Big Bounce) Leonard si era specializzato in racconti e romanzi western con cui sperimentò la sua distintiva tecnica narrativa basta sul discorso indiretto libero e altre innovazioni tematiche. Questa tesi esamina principalmente tre caratteristiche fondamentali dell’opera di Leonard. Anzitutto, nei suoi libri non c’è mai una vera e propria indagine. I lettori sanno già dalle prime pagine chi è il colpevole del crimine e il detective stesso lo scopre poco dopo. Tuttavia, l’eroe non riesce ad arrestare il responsabile a causa di continui impedimenti burocratici. La ricerca delle prove necessarie a incastrare il delinquente si trasforma quindi in una sfida personale che metterà a dura prova l’eroe e la sua coscienza. La seconda caratteristica riguarda le scelte narratologiche dello scrittore, che ha sviluppato un uso singolare del punto di vista. Leonard racconta le sue storie attraverso un narratore onnisciente in terza persona, solo apparentemente neutrale. In realtà, il punto di vista della narrazione continua spostarsi durante la storia, per cui ogni capitolo può essere narrato dal punto di vista di ogni personaggio (anche di un morto, come avviene in Glitz). La scelta di usare un particolare punto di vista non è solo una mera faccenda tecnica ma è anche e soprattutto una questione morale, che rende i libri di Leonard piuttosto disturbanti per il lettore attento. Infine, Leonard, che ha avuto un’educazione cattolica, tende a nascondere dilemmi teologici nelle intercapedini delle sue storie grottesche. Ad esempio, nei suoi romanzi la violenza non è mai la soluzione più giusta – non si configura una violenza necessaria – per cui i suoi eroi preferiscono dialogare con i criminali, o abbandonare la scena, piuttosto che sparare. / Critics and biographers have summarized Elmore Leonard’s work too easily: he was one of the best crime novels writers in America because of his “cinematic” prose and his unerring ear for the voices of the characters. I think there are much more issues in Leonard’s narratives, so my thesis is focused on investigating other distinctive traits of his novels. Leonard actually wrote westerns for many years before first trying his hand at crime fiction (in The Big Bounce 1969), the genre that gave him great fame. My thesis basically examines three distinguishing features. First, in Leonard’s books there is almost never any process of detection. Readers generally know from the very beginning who the murderer is, and in many cases the detective finds out soon after, but he is always prevented from arresting or killing him at once. What prolongs his pursuit is generally not a process of investigation but rather a frustrating combination of legal procedural constraints that are often portrayed as arbitrary, and the killer’s own animal willingness and absurd good luck. Secondly, Leonard, in his narrative, develops a very distinctive point of view. The writer always tells his stories from the omniscient point of view in the third person, only apparently neutral. In Leonard’s novels any chapter can be narrated from the perspective of any character (even a murder victim as in Glitz). This issue is not only a technical problem, it is a moral one, who makes Leonard’s novels disturbing to the reader. Finally Leonard, who had a catholic education and a deep knowledge of the Bible, hides theological issues in his grotesque crime stories. For example, in his novels violence is never the right solution, never necessary, as his heroes prefer talking with the villain or leaving, instead of shooting him.

Figure obsédante de l’imaginaire collectif, le fou a longtemps été chargé de significations qui le dépassent ; le mythe de la folie fait recette sur la scène littéraire mais les malades n’en sont que des figurants. Alors que le fou réel est maintenu dans les marges de la littérature comme de la société, le fantasme culturel de la folie est nourri et modelé au XIXe siècle par la littérature romantique ou fantastique et exalté au début du siècle suivant par les avant-gardes historiques. Un certain nombre de textes de romanciers du XXe siècle, parmi lesquels Georges Duhamel, André Baillon, Julien Green, Henry de Montherlant ou encore Alexandre Vialatte, mettent au contraire en œuvre un décentrement du regard littéraire de la folie vers le fou – du mythe à l’individu. Ce sont les modalités et les logiques de cette émancipation de la figure du fou et de son affirmation comme sujet – au sens de thème comme de subjectivité – autonome dans l’espace romanesque que ce travail s’applique à éclairer. Ces récits fictionnels qui font de la conscience aliénée à la fois le foyer et l’objet principal de la narration mettent en scène une folie presque familière, où l’idéalisation cède le pas à la représentation de troubles intimes et ordinaires, qui atteignent un personnage banal menant une existence modeste. Par leurs affinités sémantiques, syntaxiques et pragmatiques, ils forment un « sous-genre » romanesque, celui des "histoires de fous". L’enjeu de cette thèse est de déterminer le répertoire générique de ces romans tout en examinant la manière dont la folie interroge les moyens et les pouvoirs de la fiction romanesque. Il s’agit également de mettre au jour ce que la littérature nous aide à comprendre de cet impensable, envers de l’expérience partagée de la raison, et d’observer comment les romanciers contribuent à refléter tout autant qu’à remodeler les formes de cet objet social et culturel. / Haunting our collective imagination, the madman has always been laden with symbolic significance. The myth of madness is abundantly present in literature, however those characters with an actual mental illness are ultimately overshadowed. While mental patients are pushed to the margins of literature, just as they are pushed to the outskirts of society, this particular cultural legend of madness develops during the nineteenth century in Romantic and fantastic literature and stays in the spotlight at the beginning of the following century through the avant-garde artists. In contrast to the aforementioned representation of madness, a number of novelists of the twentieth century, including Georges Duhamel, André Baillon, Julien Green, Henry de Montherlant or Alexandre Vialatte, brought on a literary shift away from “madness” towards “the madman” – from the myth to the individual. The focus of this piece of work is on the modality and logic leading to the emancipation of the figure of the madman and its affirmation as an autonomous subject – in every sense of the world – in the literary field. These fictional stories, where the alienated consciousness is both the focus and the main subject of the narrative, present the reader with an almost familiar madness. They don’t idealize insanity but provide representations of almost ordinary disorders, which affect a banal character living a modest life. Through their semantic, syntactic and pragmatic preferences, these stories form a fictional “sub-genre”, called “histoires de fous”. This research aims at determining the generic features of these novels and at considering the way madness questions the means and powers of fiction. Another purpose is to shed light on how literature helps us understand this inconceivable experience, which represents the other side of the commonly shared human experience of reason and logic, and to study how novelists help to reveal as well as reshape the characterization of this social and cultural topic.

Texte remanié de : Zugl. Dissertation : Romanistik : Postdam : 2004. / Bibliogr. p. [485]-540.

Thesis (Ph.D. (English)) - Rhodes University, 2008

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-199). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.