L’utilisation de colorants synthétiques se développe depuis de nombreuses années dans des différentes industries. Les procèdes les plus couramment utilises pour le traitement des eaux usées colorées sont les traitements biologiques mais ils ont leurs limites. Les techniques d’oxydation chimique traditionnelle quant a elles conduisent à la coupure de la molécule au niveau du chromophore ne peuvent pas minéraliser totalement des colorants alors que la dépollution complète de ces effluents l’exigerait. Le procède photo-fenton homogène est une technique de traitement qui peut dégrader les effluents colores efficacement. Mais il y a quelques inconvénients majeurs qui limitent l’application industrielle de cette technologie. L’objectif de ce travail de recherche était d’étudier la décoloration et la dégradation des solutions des colorants: acide orange 7 acide orange 8 acide rouge i4 acide rouge 73 et acide bleu 74 par le procède d’oxydation avancée: photo-Fenton heterogene. Dans ce procède la zeolite fe-zsm5 a été utilisée comme un catalyseur heterogene. L’application de ce système nous a permis d une part de diminuer la quantité de boue formée au cours du traitement ainsi que la consommation d’énergie électrique engendrée par l’utilisation d’UV estimée à l aide de la méthode figures-of-merit et d’autre par d’étendre l’application du procède type photo-fenton aux ph plus élevés. La modélisation des procèdes étudies a été faite par deux méthodes à la méthodologie de surface de réponse (RSM) et les réseaux neuronaux artificiels (ANNS) - afin d optimiser la performance de système et également d'évaluer les effets simples et combines des différentes variables sur l’efficacité du traitement. / Large amounts of dyes are annually produced and applied in different industries. The biological methods are widely used for treatment of coloured ef fluents, but they have some limitations. Traditional chemical oxidations that destroy the chromophore of the molecule could not also result the complete mineralisation of the dyes. Homogeneous photo-fenton is a promising technique for treatment of the effluents but there are still some drawbacks that limit the industrial applications of this method. The aim of this work was to study the decolourisation and the degradation of coloured solution containing acid orange 7 acid orange 8 acid red I4 acid red 73 or acid blue 74 by an advanced oxidation process: heterogeneous Photo-fenton. In this study zeolite fe-zsm5 was used as a heterogeneous catalyst. Application of this system not only allowed us to diminish the quantity of sludge formed during the process but also reduced the consummation of electrical energy process keeps its high efficiency even at neutral phs. The modelling of the process was done by two methods - response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial Neural networks (ANNS) in order to optimise the performance of the system and to evaluate the simple and the combined effects of different variables on the process efficiency.

Orientador: Ronei Jesus Poppi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T04:54:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Braga_JezWillianBatista_D.pdf: 2679921 bytes, checksum: 61d94250615e16bfe6ecb1291110f29a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Modelos de calibração de segunda ordem vêm sendo cada vez mais aplicados, principalmente pela possibilidade de determinar analitos mesmo na presença de interferentes da amostra. Contudo, a validação desses modelos ainda não é possível por dificuldades na determinação de algumas figuras de mérito. Esta tese teve como objetivos estudar a determinação e avaliar a consistência de algumas figuras de mérito em modelos de calibração de segunda ordem, desenvolver programas que facilitem sua determinação. Também foram comparardos a eficiência dos modelos de quadrados mínimos bilinear (BLLS) e quadrados mínimos parciais desdobrado (UPLS), ambos utilizando o processo de bilinearização residual (RBL), com os modelos de análise de fatores paralelos (PARAFAC) e resolução multivariada de curvas (MCR). Foram desenvolvidos quatro estudos, abordando as determinações de: (1) hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos, (2) riboflavina e piridoxina em matrizes lácteas (ambos por emissão e excitação de fluorescência), (3) ácido acetilsalicílico e ascórbico em fármacos por análise por injeção em fluxo com gradiente de pH e (4) pesticidas e metabólitos em vinho por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Os resultados demonstraram que as figuras de mérito apresentam boa consistência, sendo observada influência de interferentes na sensibilidade, seletividade e nos erros obtidos. Contudo, observou-se a necessidade de desenvolvimentos nas estimativas de incerteza e seletividade, onde duas novas propostas para o modelo UPLS são descritas. Os modelos comparados foram equivalentes na maior parte dos casos, sendo que a escolha correta do número de fatores no RBL requer um conjunto de amostras externas / Abstract: Second order calibration models are becoming widely applied in analytical chemistry, mainly due to the possibility to determine analytes even in the presence of interferences. However, an appropriate validation of these models is not possible due to the difficult in the determination of some figures of merit. The aims of this thesis were to study and evaluate the determination of some figures of merit of the most applied second order calibration models, to develop softwares to perform its determination easier and to compare the performance of the bilinear least squares (BLLS) and the unfold partial least squares (UPLS), both applying the residual bilinearization process (RBL), with the models parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and multivariate curve resolution (MCR). Four applications were developed, which study the determination of: (1) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, (2) riboflavin and pyridoxine in dairy supplements (both using excitation and emission fluorescence), (3) acetylsalicylic and ascorbic acids in pharmaceutical samples by FIA and pH gradient and (4) pesticides and metabolites in wine samples by HPLC. The results show that the estimated figures of merit present a good agreement with their expected values, also been observed the effects of the interferences of the sample in the sensitivity, selectivity and uncertainty values. It was also observed the necessity of new developments in the estimates of selectivity and uncertainty parameters, where two new approaches for the model UPLS are described. The compared models were equivalents in most of the situations and it was observed that the choice of the correct number of factors in the RBL requires the use of an independent data set / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutor em Ciências

Orientador: Ronei Jesus Poppi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T14:05:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valderrama_Patricia_D.pdf: 7920273 bytes, checksum: 6c9c64460d2e21d668e1b198fca8d6c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Modelos de calibração de primeira e segunda ordem foram empregados no desenvolvimento de métodos para a quantificação de enantiômeros através de espectroscopia e complexação com b-ciclodextrina. No primeiro estudo, modelos de calibração de primeira ordem através do método de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) foram desenvolvidos para a quantificação dos enantiômeros do maleato de clorfeniramina através de espectroscopia no ultravioleta (UV) e na região do infravermelho próximo (NIR). No segundo caso, modelos de calibração de segunda ordem através dos métodos de análise de fatores paralelos (PARAFAC) e mínimos quadrados bilineares (BLLS) foram aplicados para a quantificação de enantiômeros do ibuprofeno por fluorescência molecular. Os enantiômeros do ibuprofeno foram também quantificados em plasma sanguíneo humano e urina humana pelo método de adição padrão de segunda ordem (SOSAM). O terceiro estudo consistiu na quantificação dos enantiômeros do propranolol por espectroscopia no UV, infravermelho médio, NIR e fluorescência molecular com calibração por PLS. Modelos de segunda ordem foram aplicados para a quantificação através dos métodos PARAFAC e BLLS. Por fim, os enantiômeros do propranolol foram quantificados em plasma sanguíneo humano e urina humana a partir do método SOSAM. Os métodos propostos foram validados através do cálculo de figuras de merito e comparados com métodos de referência como a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Os resultados obtidos pelos métodos desenvolvidos não apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação aos resultados obtidos pelo HPLC, conforme testes estatísticos aplicados. Os métodos propostos envolvendo espectroscopia e quimiometria para quantificação de enantiômeros se mostraram mais rápidos, eficientes, precisos e sensíveis e são uma alternativa aos métodos já existentes / Abstract: First and second order multivariate calibration were developed for the quantification of enantiomers by spectroscopy and b-cyclodextrin guest-host complexes. In the first case, first order multivariate calibration was employed based on partial least square regression (PLS) for the quantification of the chlorpheniramine maleate enantiomers by ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. In the second case, second order multivariate calibration base don parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and bilinear least squares (BLLS) was applied for the quantification of the ibuprofen enantiomers by espectrofuorimetry. The ibuprofen enantiomers were, also, quantified in human plasma and urine samples by second order standard addition method (SOSAM). The third case, PLS was used for quantification of the propranolol enantiomers by UV, NIR, middle infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy. Second order multivariate calibration with PARAFAC e BLLS were, also, applied in the quantification. Finally, the propranolol enantiomers in human plasma and urine samples were analysed by SOSAM method. The proposed methods were validated through figures of merit calculation and compared with reference method as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results for the proposed methods do not presented significative difference, in conformity with statistic tests. The proposed methods using chemometrics and spectroscopy for the enantiomers quantification showed fast, efficient, with good precision and sensibility being an alternative to standard methods / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutor em Ciências

Orientadores: Márcia Miguel Castro Ferreira, Jarbas José Rodrigues Rohwedder / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Qímica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-11T21:19:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_YuriGuimaraes_M.pdf: 1972063 bytes, checksum: 17925102065d8dd73072baa01e19447c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este estudo avalia a capacidade do uso da espectroscopia NIR para a determinação do teor de 6 hidrocarbonetos e dióxido de carbono em 40 misturas gasosas com composição semelhante à do gás natural. Os espectros NIR foram obtidos a partir de um equipamento experimental, construído no próprio laboratório, baseado em um monocromador do tipo AOTF e simultaneamente em um espectrofotômetro comercial NIR-FT. Modelos de calibração multivariada PLS-1 foram construídos, para os 6 gases, com os dois conjuntos de dados. A validação do método foi realizada calculando-se as figuras de mérito multivariadas, envolvendo em alguns casos o conceito do sinal analítico líquido (NAS). Os valores de RMSECV variam de 0,1858% para o 1,3- butadieno, cuja faixa de porcentagem volumétrica é de: 0,8% a 4,9%; a 0,9732% para o metano cuja faixa de porcentagem volumétrica é de: 61,7% a 89,9%. Estes valores confirmam a possibilidade de determinação do teor das espécies constituintes do gás natural e uma comparação das variâncias, por meio do teste F, dos modelos obtidos com os espectrofotômetros NIR-AOTF e NIR-FT indicam a adequação do equipamento experimental utilizado / Abstract: The present study evaluates the potential of NIR spectroscopy in determining the content of 6 hidrocarbons and carbon dioxide in 40 gas mixtures very similar in composition to the brazilian natural fuel gas. The NIR spectra were obtained from an equipament built in our laboratory and based on a AOTF wavelength selector device. All the spectra were simultaneously recorded in a comercial NIR-FT spectrophotometer (Bomem MB160D). Multivariate calibration models (PLS-1) were built for the six gases with both data sets. Method validation was performed calculating the figures of merit based on the Net Analyte Signal (NAS). RMSECV values ranged from 0.1858%, for 1,3-butadiene wich has a volumetric ratio of 0.8% to 4.9%; to 0.9732 for methane which has a volumetric ratio of 65.8% to 89.9%. These values confim the possibility of measuring the content of all the constituents evaluated in this study. A model variance comparision regarding the calibrations obtained with the NIR-AOTF and NIR-FT spectrophotometers showed the adequacy of the experimental equipament employed / Mestrado / Quimica Analitica / Mestre em Química

Orientador: Márcia Miguel Castro Ferreira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T05:57:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rambo_MagaleKarineDiel_D.pdf: 17781681 bytes, checksum: b58e114895e86072193e680baa88746e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A geração de materiais residuais e o seu descarte no ambiente têm sido motivo de grande preocupação, tanto ambiental quanto econômica. O aproveitamento dessas matérias-primas residuais renováveis, não apenas para a produção de energia e calor, mas também para a geração de produtos tecnológicos, tornou-se uma prioridade. Neste trabalho, utilizaram-se caracterizações físico-químicas para o aproveitamento de resíduos agroindustriais e agroflorestais como caroço de açaí; serragem de eucalipto; cascas de arroz, café e soja; capim elefante; bambu; resíduos de banana e coco. Tais biomassas foram submetidas à caracterizações físico-químicas a fim de avaliá-las como potenciais matérias-primas no conceito de biorrefinarias. Essas foram caracterizadas e analisadas por meio de técnicas de difração de raios-X (XRD), espectrometria no infravermelho próximo (NIR), extração acelerada por solvente (ASE), cromatografia de troca iônica (HPAEC), análise térmica (TGA), poder calorífico, análise no ultravioletavisível (UV-Vis), análise elementar e análise imediata. Com base nesses resultados, os resíduos de banana, café e coco foram selecionados como biomassas promissoras no contexto de biorrefinarias. Vários estágios de processamento dessas amostras, úmidas - não moídas (WU), secas ¿ não moídas (DU) e secas moídas (DS) foram analisadas. Usando a espectroscopia NIR e análise multivariada foi possível construir modelos de regressão para predizer os teores de lignina Klason, lignina ácida solúvel, resíduo ácido insolúvel, lignina total, extrativos, umidade, cinzas, glicose, xilose, manose, arabinose, ramnose, galactose, bem como o teor de açúcares totais de 104 amostras de resíduos de banana, 102 resíduos de café e 30 resíduos de coco oriundos de diferentes regiões do Brasil. Modelos utilizando o método de regressão por quadrados mínimos parciais (PLS) foram construídos para amostras de banana, café, coco e amostras combinadas de (Banana + Café) e de (Banana + Café + Coco). Os coeficientes de regressão multivariados de cada modelo foram interpretados a fim de garantir a obtenção de modelos confiáveis e não obtidos ao acaso. A precisão da metodologia NIR foi melhor (p < 0,05) que o método de referência para quase todos os parâmetros, sendo pior apenas para a umidade. Com exceção do teor de cinzas, lignina ácida solúvel, e açúcares (principalmente os minoritários) que foram preditos pobremente (Rval < 0,80) em alguns modelos de diferentes frações, os modelos para os demais analitos exibiram Rval > 0,80. Normalmente as frações DU e WU forneceram modelos um pouco inferiores, necessitando um maior número de variáveis latentes, provavelmente devido à heterogeneidade dessas amostras. Os erros relativos variaram de 2 a 25%, e os desvios padrões entre os valores de referência e os previstos foram todos menores que 10%. Os modelos foram validados utilizando figuras de mérito de calibração multivariada. Com base nos resultados da validação externa e figuras de mérito, a espectroscopia NIR mostrou-se útil para a predição química dos resíduos de banana, coco e café, podendo ser usada como uma alternativa rápida, econômica e com menor produção de resíduos químicos frente às metodologias padrões. / Abstract: The generation of waste disposed in the environment has been of great concern, both environmentally and economically. The use of the wastes from renewable feedstocks, not only for the production of power and heat, but also for the generation of technology products, has become a priority. In this work, we investigated the physicochemical characteristics for the utilization of agro-industrial and agroforestry residues such as acai seed; eucalyptus sadwust; rice husks, coffee husks, soypeel, elephant grass; bamboo; banana and coconut wastes. These biomasses were subjected to physicochemical characterizations in order to evaluate their as potential as raw materials in the biorefinery concept. They were characterized and analyzed using techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE), Anion-Exchange chromatography (HPAEC-PAD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Heating Value, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy analysis (UV-Vis), proximate and elemental analysis. Based on the results, banana, coffee and coconut residues were selected for biorefineries opportunities. Several stages of processing of the samples, wet and unground (WU), dried and unground (DU), dried and sieving (DS) were analyzed. Using NIR spectroscopy, coupled with chemometric tools was possible to build regression models to predict the Klason lignin (KL), acid soluble lignin (ASL), acid insoluble residue (AIR), total lignin (TL), extractives, moisture, ash, glucose, xylose, manose, arabinose, rhamnose, glactose and the total sugar content, of 104 samples of banana residues, 102 samples of coffee residues and 30 samples of coconut residues, all from different regions of Brazil. Models using the Partial least squares regression (PLS) method were built for Banana, Coffee and Coconut samples and for pooled samples (Banana + Coffee) and (Banana + Coffee + Coconut). Regression Coefficients Interpretation of the model was made to help in the identification of spectral signals characteristics to the analyte and also to detect potential spurious correlations. The precision of the NIR methodology was better (p < 0.05) than the reference method for almost all the parameters, being worse for moisture. With the exception of ash, acid soluble lignin and sugars (especially the minority) content, which was predicted poorly (Rval < 0.80) in some biomass models from different fractions, the models for all the analytes exhibited Rval > 0.80. Normally WU and DU fractions provided somewhat worse models, requiring a greater number of latent variables (LV), probably due to the heterogeneity of the samples. The relative errors varied from 2.00 to 25.00%, and the standard deviations between the reference and predicted values were less than 10.00%. The quality of the models were evaluated by the determination of the multivariate figures of merit. Based on the results of external validation and figures of merit, NIR spectroscopy proved to be useful for chemical prediction of banana, coconut and coffee residues and can be used as a faster and more economical alternative to the standard methodologies. / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutora em Ciências

While photocatalysis is considered a promising sustainable technology in the field of heterogeneous catalysis as well as biocatalysis, figures of merit (FOM) for comparing catalytic performance, especially between disciplines, are not well established. Here, photocatalytic water splitting was conducted using a semiconductor (NiO/La-NaTaO3) and a bio-photocatalyst (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803) in the same setup under similar reaction conditions, eliminating the often ill-defined influence of the setup on the FOMs obtained. Comparing the results enables the critical evaluation of existing FOMs and a quantitative comparison of both photocatalytic systems. A single FOM is insufficient to compare the photocatalysts, instead a combination of multiple FOMs (reaction rate, photocatalytic space time yield and a redefined apparent quantum yield) is superior for assessing a variety of photocatalytic systems.

The Nigeria economy is wholly dependent on revenue from oil. However, bitumen has been discovered in the country since 1903 and has remained untapped over the years. The need for the country to complement oil exploration with the huge bitumen deposit cannot be overemphasized. This will help to improve the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and revenue available to government. Bitumen is classifled as heavy crude with API (American petroleum Institute) number ranging between 50 and 110 and occurs in Nigeria, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela etc from which petroleum products could be derived. This dissertation looked at the Canadian experience by comparing the oil and tar sand deposit found in Canada with particular reference to Athabasca (Grosmont, Wabiskaw McMurray and Nsiku) with that in Nigeria with a view of transferring process technology from Canada to Nigeria. The Nigeria and Athabasca tar sands occur in the same type of environment. These are the deltaic, fluvial marine deposit in an incised valley with similar reservoir, chemical and physical properties. However, the Nigeria tar sand is more asphaltenic and also contains more resin and as such will yield more product volume during hydro cracking albeit more acidic. The differences in the components (viscosity, resin and asphaltenes contents, sulphur and heavy metal contents) of the tar sands is within the limit of technology adaptation. Any of the technologies used in Athabasca, Canada is adaptable to Nigeria according to the findings of this research. The techno-economics of some of the process technologies are. x-rayed using the PTAC (petroleum technology alliance Canada) technology recovery model in order to obtain their unit cost for Nigeria bitumen. The unit cost of processed bitumen adopting steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), in situ combustion (ISC) and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) process technology is 40.59, 25.00 and 44.14 Canadian dollars respectively. The unit cost in Canada using the same process technology is 57.27, 25.00 and 61.33 Canadian dollars respectively. The unit cost in Nigeria is substantively lesser than in Canada. A trade off is thereafter done using life cycle costing so as to select the best process technology for the Nigeria oil/tar sands. The net present value/internal rate of return is found to be B$3,062/36.35% for steam assisted gravity drainage, B$I,570124.51 % for cyclic steam stimulation and B$3,503/39.64% for in situ combustion. Though in situ combustion returned the highest net present value and internal rate of return, it proved not to be the best option for Nigeria due to environmental concern and response time to production. The best viable option for the Nigeria tar sand was then deemed to be steam assisted gravity drainage. An integrated oil strategy coupled with cogeneration using MSAR was also seen to considerably amplify the benefits accruable from bitumen exploration; therefore, an investment in bitumen exploration in Nigeria is a wise economic decision. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

The Nigeria economy is wholly dependent on revenue from oil. However, bitumen has been discovered in the country since 1903 and has remained untapped over the years. The need for the country to complement oil exploration with the huge bitumen deposit cannot be overemphasized. This will help to improve the country's gross domestic product (GDP) and revenue available to government. Bitumen is classifled as heavy crude with API (American petroleum Institute) number ranging between 50 and 110 and occurs in Nigeria, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela etc from which petroleum products could be derived. This dissertation looked at the Canadian experience by comparing the oil and tar sand deposit found in Canada with particular reference to Athabasca (Grosmont, Wabiskaw McMurray and Nsiku) with that in Nigeria with a view of transferring process technology from Canada to Nigeria. The Nigeria and Athabasca tar sands occur in the same type of environment. These are the deltaic, fluvial marine deposit in an incised valley with similar reservoir, chemical and physical properties. However, the Nigeria tar sand is more asphaltenic and also contains more resin and as such will yield more product volume during hydro cracking albeit more acidic. The differences in the components (viscosity, resin and asphaltenes contents, sulphur and heavy metal contents) of the tar sands is within the limit of technology adaptation. Any of the technologies used in Athabasca, Canada is adaptable to Nigeria according to the findings of this research. The techno-economics of some of the process technologies are. x-rayed using the PTAC (petroleum technology alliance Canada) technology recovery model in order to obtain their unit cost for Nigeria bitumen. The unit cost of processed bitumen adopting steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), in situ combustion (ISC) and cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) process technology is 40.59, 25.00 and 44.14 Canadian dollars respectively. The unit cost in Canada using the same process technology is 57.27, 25.00 and 61.33 Canadian dollars respectively. The unit cost in Nigeria is substantively lesser than in Canada. A trade off is thereafter done using life cycle costing so as to select the best process technology for the Nigeria oil/tar sands. The net present value/internal rate of return is found to be B$3,062/36.35% for steam assisted gravity drainage, B$I,570124.51 % for cyclic steam stimulation and B$3,503/39.64% for in situ combustion. Though in situ combustion returned the highest net present value and internal rate of return, it proved not to be the best option for Nigeria due to environmental concern and response time to production. The best viable option for the Nigeria tar sand was then deemed to be steam assisted gravity drainage. An integrated oil strategy coupled with cogeneration using MSAR was also seen to considerably amplify the benefits accruable from bitumen exploration; therefore, an investment in bitumen exploration in Nigeria is a wise economic decision. / Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

O objetivo da dissertação foi o desenvolvimento de um modelo de avaliação rápida da atratividade de oportunidades de negócios em recursos energéticos renováveis dentro de uma região geográfica delimitada, valendo-se dos resultados do Planejamento Integrado de Recursos Energéticos (PIR) para a região analisada, complementado com outras bases bibliográficas primárias e secundárias. O uso dos resultados do PIR propiciou o acesso rápido a avaliações prontas dos recursos energéticos em três dimensões1, além da dimensão técnico-econômica, incluindo opiniões e posições da sociedade local e nacional (técnicos e não técnicos). No estudo piloto, o modelo é aplicado em cinco recursos energéticos renováveis dentro da Região Administrativa de Araçatuba (RAA), noroeste do estado de São Paulo. Os recursos avaliados são: (a) de oferta: Geração eólica (EOL); Cogeração por Biomassa de Cana-de-açúcar (BIO); e Pequenas Centrais Hidroelétricas (PCH); (b) de demanda (medidas de economia): Troca de Lâmpadas Incandescentes por Fluorescentes Compactas e Troca de Chuveiros Elétricos por Aquecedores Solares. Os principais resultados do modelo de avaliação foram (i) um modelo de fluxo de caixa funcional para a avaliação dos recursos de geração; (ii) para cada recurso de geração: cálculo das principais Figuras de Mérito Econômico Financeiro (VPL, TIR, PayBack Descontado, preço de equilíbrio2 da energia gerada e demanda relevante de capital de giro); (iii) para as medidas de economia de energia: cálculo das figuras de mérito econômico-financeiras (Custo do Ciclo de vida anualizado (CCVA) e PayBack Descontado); (iv) pontos notáveis da análise de sensibilidade das figuras de mérito, obtidas pela variação das principais parâmetros de entrada dos modelos matemáticos representativos dos recursos; (v) análise geral dos riscos em empreender os recursos avaliados; e (vi) diagnóstico da atratividade de investimento em cada recurso: não atrativo, atrativo com atenção, e atrativo. No contexto do estudo piloto, o recurso lâmpada fluorescente recebeu diagnóstico de atrativo; os recursos Cogeração por biomassa e coletor solar receberam o diagnóstico de atrativo com atenção, e os recursos Geração eólica e PCH receberam o diagnóstico de não atrativos para investimento, todos dentro da região do estudo de caso. / The purpose of this work was the expedite assessment of business opportunities attractiveness in renewable energy resources within a limited geographical area, based on the results of the Integrated Resources Planning for Energy (IRP), developed for the same area, and supplemented with other primary and secondary information sources. The use of IRP\'s information made possible, quickly and easy, the assessments of energy resources in extra three dimensions3, beyond the usual technical- economic one, including views and positions of local and national stakeholders (technical and nontechnical). In the pilot study, the model is applied in five renewable energy resources within the Administrative Region of Araçatuba (RAA), northwest of São Paulo state, Brazil. The evaluated energy resources were: (a) supply side: wind generation (EOL); Cogeneration by Biomass of Sugar Cane (BIO); and Small Hydro Power plants (SHP); (b) demand side (measures of energy economy): replacement of Compact Fluorescent Incandescent bulbs by Fluorescent ones and replacement of Electric Showers by Solar Heater ones. The main results of the proposed evaluation model were (i) a functional cash flow model , useful to assess the generation resources; (ii) for each generation resource: the calculation of the main Figures of Economic Merit (NPV, IRR, Discounted Payback, the equilibrium price of generated energy and relevant demand for working capital), (iii) measures of energy economy: the calculation of the main Figures of Economic Merit (Annualized Life Cycle Cost (ALCC) and Payback Discounted (PBD), (iv) points of remarkable sensitivity in the Figures of Economic Merit analysis, obtained by varying the main independent parameters input in the cash flow models that represent the resources, (v) analysis of the risks in adoption of the evaluated resources, and finally, (vi) the attractiveness degree of each resources evaluated : not attractive, attractive with attention, and attractive. Within the context of the pilot study case, the use of compact fluorescent bulb received the degree attractive; biomass cogeneration (BIO) and solar collector received degree attractive, but under attention; wind generation (EOL) and PCH received the degree not attractive for investment within the study case region.

O objetivo da dissertação foi o desenvolvimento de um modelo de avaliação rápida da atratividade de oportunidades de negócios em recursos energéticos renováveis dentro de uma região geográfica delimitada, valendo-se dos resultados do Planejamento Integrado de Recursos Energéticos (PIR) para a região analisada, complementado com outras bases bibliográficas primárias e secundárias. O uso dos resultados do PIR propiciou o acesso rápido a avaliações prontas dos recursos energéticos em três dimensões1, além da dimensão técnico-econômica, incluindo opiniões e posições da sociedade local e nacional (técnicos e não técnicos). No estudo piloto, o modelo é aplicado em cinco recursos energéticos renováveis dentro da Região Administrativa de Araçatuba (RAA), noroeste do estado de São Paulo. Os recursos avaliados são: (a) de oferta: Geração eólica (EOL); Cogeração por Biomassa de Cana-de-açúcar (BIO); e Pequenas Centrais Hidroelétricas (PCH); (b) de demanda (medidas de economia): Troca de Lâmpadas Incandescentes por Fluorescentes Compactas e Troca de Chuveiros Elétricos por Aquecedores Solares. Os principais resultados do modelo de avaliação foram (i) um modelo de fluxo de caixa funcional para a avaliação dos recursos de geração; (ii) para cada recurso de geração: cálculo das principais Figuras de Mérito Econômico Financeiro (VPL, TIR, PayBack Descontado, preço de equilíbrio2 da energia gerada e demanda relevante de capital de giro); (iii) para as medidas de economia de energia: cálculo das figuras de mérito econômico-financeiras (Custo do Ciclo de vida anualizado (CCVA) e PayBack Descontado); (iv) pontos notáveis da análise de sensibilidade das figuras de mérito, obtidas pela variação das principais parâmetros de entrada dos modelos matemáticos representativos dos recursos; (v) análise geral dos riscos em empreender os recursos avaliados; e (vi) diagnóstico da atratividade de investimento em cada recurso: não atrativo, atrativo com atenção, e atrativo. No contexto do estudo piloto, o recurso lâmpada fluorescente recebeu diagnóstico de atrativo; os recursos Cogeração por biomassa e coletor solar receberam o diagnóstico de atrativo com atenção, e os recursos Geração eólica e PCH receberam o diagnóstico de não atrativos para investimento, todos dentro da região do estudo de caso. / The purpose of this work was the expedite assessment of business opportunities attractiveness in renewable energy resources within a limited geographical area, based on the results of the Integrated Resources Planning for Energy (IRP), developed for the same area, and supplemented with other primary and secondary information sources. The use of IRP\'s information made possible, quickly and easy, the assessments of energy resources in extra three dimensions3, beyond the usual technical- economic one, including views and positions of local and national stakeholders (technical and nontechnical). In the pilot study, the model is applied in five renewable energy resources within the Administrative Region of Araçatuba (RAA), northwest of São Paulo state, Brazil. The evaluated energy resources were: (a) supply side: wind generation (EOL); Cogeneration by Biomass of Sugar Cane (BIO); and Small Hydro Power plants (SHP); (b) demand side (measures of energy economy): replacement of Compact Fluorescent Incandescent bulbs by Fluorescent ones and replacement of Electric Showers by Solar Heater ones. The main results of the proposed evaluation model were (i) a functional cash flow model , useful to assess the generation resources; (ii) for each generation resource: the calculation of the main Figures of Economic Merit (NPV, IRR, Discounted Payback, the equilibrium price of generated energy and relevant demand for working capital), (iii) measures of energy economy: the calculation of the main Figures of Economic Merit (Annualized Life Cycle Cost (ALCC) and Payback Discounted (PBD), (iv) points of remarkable sensitivity in the Figures of Economic Merit analysis, obtained by varying the main independent parameters input in the cash flow models that represent the resources, (v) analysis of the risks in adoption of the evaluated resources, and finally, (vi) the attractiveness degree of each resources evaluated : not attractive, attractive with attention, and attractive. Within the context of the pilot study case, the use of compact fluorescent bulb received the degree attractive; biomass cogeneration (BIO) and solar collector received degree attractive, but under attention; wind generation (EOL) and PCH received the degree not attractive for investment within the study case region.