No description available.

This study investigates the role played by corporate governance in the firm's decision to disclose forward-looking information in financial reports, as well as the quality of such reports. More effective corporate governance has often been linked to voluntary disclosure within the annual report (Karamanou and Vafeas 2005). Similarly, recent studies document a positive association between reporting quality and the standard of corporate governance (Wright 2001). This study proposes that stronger corporate governance will be associated with increased forward-looking disclosures in financial reports and higher financial reporting quality. The results indicate that audit quality, the presence and quality of board committees and the overall efficacy of corporate governance are positively associated with forward-looking disclosures in 2000. However, corporate governance does not have a positive association with such disclosures in 2002. Regarding the relationship between financial reporting quality and corporate governance, audit quality is the only governance variable that yields a significant result and is only associated with higher reporting quality in 2002.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Iowa, 2007. / Supervisor: Padmini Srinivasan. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-100).

The recent proposal by the Group of Four Plus One to modify the accounting treatment of operating leases has attracted considerable comment. However, a review of the publicly available submissions to this proposal reveals that no one has addressed the issue in terms of the primary objective of general purpose financial reports, that is, to provide decision useful information to non-professional investors. This thesis seeks to redress this gap by providing some evidence of the ability of nonprofessional investors to evaluate operating leases as they are presented according to current accounting standards and alternative presentation formats. The thesis reports the results of an experiment carried out on surrogates for nonprofessional investors. The main finding is that the vast majority of subjects were unable to evaluate operating lease information when it was disclosed in the notes, rather than reported in the body of the Statement of Financial Position. Subjects consistently relied on reported figures and seemed unable to incorporate information presented in the notes to the financial reports, even when the links between the notes and the reported figures were made more obvious than is currently the case. The finding has a number of implications. It would appear that the existing accounting treatment of operating leases is the source of a structural information asymmetry, as a substantial proportion of users were unable to evaluate information relating to operating leases. This information asymmetry should be removed for reasons of economic efficiency. The recent withdrawal by non-professional investors from equity markets shows that non-professional investors will react strongly if they start to doubt the ability of general-purpose financial reports to provide them with decision useful information.

By utilizing the Case Study Reserch, the J company was selected as the target of research which adopt with IFRS(International Financial Reporting Standards).The all been probed into suitable main points about some variation topics regarding to the financial reports of J company as the examples, to summarize the trial balances with some accounts had been adjusted and showed financial with its impacted amount. The proposal is to suggest to those construction companies and to their investors in accordance to those problems. Due to the J Company adopt IFRS in financial statements, we found some material impacts listed as followed, the stockholder equity increased,widened operational revenue while the fluctuation , current income/loss and the earning per share fluctuated. The result of research shows that early involvement and promotion will be very helpful to identify the issues and find out the solutions by discussing with Certified Public Accountant (CPA) and government authorities. When the adoption of IFRS by the construction companies, it not only has material impact over financial information but it also has hugely influence over their operation performance and their operational models respectively. Therefore the construction companies should cautiously evaluate all confronted problems after the adopted IFRS. The transformation to IFRS is a big process and time-consuming for all of Taiwan¡¦s public listed companies.

Sammanfattning Titel: Redovisningsinformationens betydelse vid kreditbedömning av små och medelstora företag. Nivå: C-uppsats i företagsekonomi. Författare: Annelie Engström och Christian Mattsson. Handledare: Ann W Dörner. Datum: Juni 2012. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur kreditgivare använder sig av redovisningsinformation vid kreditbedömningen av små och medelstora företag. Forskningsfrågorna är: Stämmer redovisningsinformationen överens med kreditgivarnas behov av information vid kreditbedömning av små och medelstora företag? Vilka delar av redovisningsinformationen är viktiga vid en kreditbedömning av små och medelstora företag? Metod: I denna studie används en mixad metod vilket innebär att en kvantitativ metod används vid insamling av data och en kvalitativ metod vid analyseringen av data. Empirisk data har samlats in med strukturerade frågeformulär med fasta svarsalternativ som skickats ut till respondenterna. Sekundärdata har sökts fram ur relevant litteratur, artiklar och tidigare undersökningar. Resultat och Slutsats: De flesta kreditgivare är nöjda med den information som ges. Balans- och resultaträkning är de viktigaste rapporterna vid en kreditbedömning. Rörelseresultatet är den viktigaste resultatposten, kassalikviditet och soliditet är de viktigaste nyckeltalen. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Följande två frågor har uppkommit under arbete och föreslås därmed som ämnen till framtida studier. Vilken redovisningsinformation saknar kreditgivare och vad skulle de vilja förbättra i den nuvarande informationen. Revisionspliktens betydelse vid kreditbedömning. Uppsatsens bidrag: Denna uppsats utreder vilka av årsredovisningens delar som är viktiga vid kreditbedömning. Detta kan vara till hjälp för att utveckla bedömningsunderlag för framtida rapporter. Nyckelord: Kreditbedömning, kreditgivning, redovisningsinformation, årsredovisning, finansiella rapporter / Abstract Title: The relevance of accounting information in the credit-granting process concerning small and medium firms. Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration. Authors: Annelie Engström and Christian Mattsson. Supervisor: Ann W Dörner. Date: June 2012. Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine how creditors use accounting information in the credit-granting process concerning small and medium-sized firms. The research questions are: Does the provided accounting information fulfill the creditor’s needs of information in the credit-granting process of small and medium-sized firms? What parts of the accounting information is important in the credit-granting process of small and medium-sized firms? Method: The design of this study is both quantitative and qualitative in nature. The primary data is collected by a quantitative method. To obtain empirical data, structured questionnaires have been sent out with fixed response alternatives to the respondents. Secondary data, have mainly been taken from literature, articles and previous studies. Result and Conclusions: Not all but most creditors are satisfied with the provided information. The balance sheet and the income statement are the most important reports when credit-granting decisions are to be made. The operating profit is the main performance record and cash liquidity and solvency are the most important ratios. Suggestions for future research: Two questions arose during the study and is thereby suggested as topics for future studies. What are the creditors missing in today’s accounting information and what needs improvement? The mandatory auditing importance of credit-granting. Contribution of this thesis: This paper investigates which parts of the Annual Report that is important for credit-granting. This may help to develop the assessment basis for future reports. Key words: Granting of credit, credit process, accounting information, annual report, financial reports

This theses analyzes financial situation of the company REHAU, s. r. o. on the basis of financial reports of the period 2006 -- 2010. The thesis is divided into three individual parts. In the theoretical part are introduced theoretical bases for financial analysis. Methodological part describes methods of financial analysis, which are applied in practical part. In the application part I closely look at calculation of particular indexes which I use for the evaluation of the financial situation in analyzed company.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka om hållbarhetsrapporter används som ett kommunikationsverktyg i lika stor utsträckning vid mediala företagsskandaler som det görs i allmänhet genom att kommunicera ut såväl positiv som negativ information till företagets intressenter. Metod: Undersökningen har genomförts med en kvalitativ forskningsansats där en kvalitativ innehållsanalys har genomförts på insamlad sekundärdata i form av hållbarhetsrapporter från fyra företag. Empiri: Av empirin framgår en presentation av de fyra granskade bolagen. Där redogörs en djupgående och detaljerad beskrivning av företagens åtaganden och strategier innan och efter skandalen uppmärksammats i media samt en presentation av varje enskild skandal.Slutsats: Majoriteten av de granskade företagen använder sina icke-finansiella rapporter som ett kommunikationsverktyg vid bolagsskandaler för att kunna bemöta de anklagelser som riktats mot dem genom att presentera vidtagna handlingar efter inträffad medial skandal för att på så vis informera sina intressenter och genom detta bevisa sin legitimitet. / Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine if the sustainability reports are used as a communication tool to the same extent in connection with medial corporate scandals as in general by communicate both positive and negative information to the company’s stakeholders.Method: The study has been conducted with a qualitative research approach where qualitative content analysis has been used to analyze the collected data in the form of the companies sustainability reports.Empiricism: The empiricism shows a presentation of the four audited companies. It outlines a profound and detailed description of the companies commitments and strategies before and after the scandals attention in media and a presentation of each individual scandal.Conclusion: The majority of the audited companies use their non-financial reports as a communication tool in conjunction with corporate scandals to respond at the allegations directed against them by presenting actions taken after the medial scandal to inform their stakeholders and prove their legitimacy.

The goal of the thesis is to carry out financial performance analysis of IT companies based on selected financial analysis tools and use its results for intercompany comparison. The theoretical section introduces selected financial analysis and intercompany comparison methods which are used in the practical section to perform financial analysis of Arrow ECS, a.s., Avnet s.r.o. a GC System a.s. companies. The selected performance ratios are consequently compared by means of intercompany comparison methods. The conclusions section contains evaluation of results including recommendations for management of individual companies.

Since 2007, several studies have been conducted by international and national role players to establish whether the recent efforts to improve financial reporting have been successful. The respondents to the surveys used as part of these studies have indicated that more concise and less complex financial reports would be more understandable to users of financial reports. In view of the call for shorter and simpler financial reports, the fact that the understandability of financial reports appears to be a problem, as well as the fact that a limited amount of research on the understandability of interim financial reports has been done thus far, it was decided to investigate whether individual shareholders understand the context and content of interim financial reports which, per se, are supposed to be more concise and less complex financial reports presented by companies. The study entailed using a postal questionnaire in a survey of a sample of individual shareholders of three large South African listed retail companies to determine whether individual shareholders understand the context and content of interim financial reports, and whether they use these reports, among other sources, to make investment decisions. The study is based loosely on the high profile studies of Lee and Tweedie in respect of individual shareholders performed in the late 1970s. The primary research objective of the current study was to determine whether individual shareholders of South African listed retail companies understand the context and content of interim financial reports. It was found that understanding of these reports was generally limited. However, there is evidence that experience and training in the field of financial accounting improve shareholders’ understanding of the content of interim financial reports. Apart from questions on the demographics and investment objectives of individual shareholders, a number of other questions were also included in the questionnaire to address several secondary research objectives. The questions relating to the secondary research objectives were designed to gather information, inter alia, on how individual shareholders make investment decisions, sources of information used by individual shareholders when making investment decisions, additional information that should be included in interim financial reports, as well as the medium of communication through which individual shareholders would prefer to receive interim financial reports. The study has shown, amongst other things, that the majority of respondents to this study initiated their own investment decisions, that articles in the financial press are the most popular source of information when making investment decisions, and that individual shareholders still prefer to receive interim reports by post. / Thesis (DCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Accounting / Unrestricted