This thesis presents an empirical investigation of the behaviour of financial markets and also the relationship on the real economy. The thesis will focus on Ireland, a small open economy with increased dependence on international developments. Two important aspects of the Irish economy, the term structure of interest rates and impact of exchange rate volatility, will be analysed. The motivation for the analysis of the term structure of interest rates in part I is two fold. Central banks can control very short-term interest rates, but of course the real economy will only really be affected by the long-term interest rate. Therefore the transmission mechanism from monetary policy to the real economy will depend on the relationship between short-term interest rates and long-term interest rates, i.e. the term structure of interest rates. The second important issue is that of market efficiency, and whether asset prices and returns are correctly valued by the market. A number of different interest rate maturities will be used to test the Expectations Hypothesis (EH) of term structure. The EH will also be tested assuming constant and time varying term premia. The results give support for the EH, and fmd no evidence of a time varying term premium. Given the recent extraordinary growth in the share of Irish exports in GDP, the impact of exchange rate volatility on Irish exports is analysed in part 2. The moti vation behind part 2 is to test whether the resulting monetary union will lead to a rise in exports, as a result of the end of exchange rate risk. Using the cointegration-ECM methodology I fmd that in the long-run there is no significant effect on Irish exports to the UK, while there is actually a positive impact on exports to European countries (UK included). I tentatively conclude that in the long-run the involvement in a single European currency will have no impact on trade.

Diss. Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2006.

Diss. Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2006.

The acceptation of a single currency has an influencial impact on the economy of the country, especially on its financial market. This work examines all parts of finacial market of the Eurozone, assesses their state of development and compares it with the situation in the Czech Republic. The work also tries to estimate the impacts, that the acceptance of a single currency will bring to Czech financial market, and where it is possible, it uses the experience of Slovenia, which has adopted euro in 2007 and its economy is very similar to that of Czech Republic. The work finds out that the Eurozone has achieved a significant progress in the integration of its financial market, an improvement in its liquidity, costs of security issues and other aspects as well. Adoption of the euro in Slovenia has been successfull and it was not accompanied by substantial problems, except for an increase in inflation. However, the expected progress in the development of financial market is not observable yet, althought this fact may be attributed to many other external reasons, too. Finally the conslusion of this work implicates, that the Czech Republic has the oportunity to benefit from participating in a large integrated financal market and achieve a progress, that would never be possible if it remained separate.

This paper analyzes cryptocurrencies as financial instruments. Firstly, we introduced the main features of cryptocurrencies and summarized the brief history. We found out that price of the most famous cryptocurrency Bitcoin follows the hypothesis of efficient markets and it immediately react on publicly announce information. Furthermore, Bitcoin can be seen as standard economic good that is priced by interaction of supply and demand on the market. These factors can be driven by macro financial development or by speculative investors, but there weren't found any significant impact of these factors on price of Bitcoin. CAPM shows the high risk of cryptocurrencies, but it could be still good instrument for diversification.

Diploma thesis deals with analysis of investment posibilities in the Czech Republic. It is focused on Czech stock market and Czech bond market. The aim of this thesis is to make an appropriate choise for financial investment of the enterprise with regard to its investment strategy and present economic situation, paying regard to circumstances that currently exist on financial market.

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Resumé Irena Valentová Financial Markets Supervision Fragmented, and therefore insufficient, and ineffective regulation of and supervision over financial markets was blamed to be one of the main sources of the recent economic crisis, that manifested in 2008. The main theme of the present thesis consists of the changes in the institutional framework of financial markets supervision in the European Union introduced as a reaction to the recent economic crisis. The first part of the present thesis composed of chapters two, three, and four, deals with definition of some expressions used in the second part of the thesis, namely: financial markets, regulation and supervision of financial markets. The concept of financial market is explained, its components as well as structure described. Next, several reasons leading to need of effective regulation are brought and discussed and, finally, the concept of supervision as used in the context of financial markets is established. The second part of the thesis composed of chapters five and six, describes the current status of institutional framework of financial markets supervision. First, in chapter five, current situation in the Czech republic is briefly described. Chapter six, in turn, deals with the naissance of European System of Financial Supervision. The...

Market abuse practices have clearly harmed the integrity of financial markets and damaged investors’ confidence. Market abuse takes two forms: insider dealing and market manipulation. These cover a variety of illegal practices, such as misusing inside information, pursuing courses of conduct which lead to artificial transactions, giving false or misleading information, and distorting the market in other ways. This thesis aims to examine the two forms of market abuse (insider dealing and market manipulation) under the UAE legal system. Particular attention is given to Federal Law No. 4 of 2000, known as the Emirates Securities & Commodities Authority Law (ESCA Law 2000). Other regulations which affect the market place are also covered. The core question addressed in this thesis is to what extent ESCA Law 2000, and other regulations promulgated pursuant thereto, are efficient in combating market abuse practices and how they have been applied to protect market integrity and the market participants. The thesis investigates the deficiencies of the existing law through a legal comparative study of the jurisdictions of the UK and the Dubai International Financial Centre. This is followed by an applied study which consists of a questionnaire and interviews. The applied study, conducted in the UAE, aims to investigate the perspectives of legal experts, other specialists and investors towards the regulation of the securities markets in the UAE. Applied study and comparison eventually provide the basis for recommendations for the improvement of the UAE legal system, with respect to market abuse practices.

Esta dissertação busca verificar se existem práticas relacionadas a Gerenciamento de Resultados (a partir das Escolhas Contábeis) que sejam provenientes do impacto da contabilização de derivativos nas instituições bancárias em funcionamento no país sob a supervisão do Bacen, com posição em 1º/12/2008. Uma das inovações deste estudo é que, além da utilização de todos os Bancos na posição considerada, o que perfaz um censo, esta pesquisa possui enfoque com base na Teoria das Escolhas Contábeis. A abordagem desta dissertação é empírico-analítica, a hipótese geral é de que não existe Gerenciamento de Resultados para todas as instituições analisadas e o método utilizado considera a técnica de análise de dados em painel e regressões com variáveis dummy. As classificações para a utilização dessas variáveis compreendem: tamanho dos Bancos (por meio do Ativo Total e também da classificação já existente divulgada trimestralmente pelo Bacen); origem, segregando os Bancos em brasileiros e não brasileiros; níveis diferenciados de Governança Corporativa, em que se distinguem aqueles que são ou não adeptos dos Níveis 1, 2 ou Novo Mercado; e acompanhamento por analistas, em que se separaram as instituições entre aquelas que são ou não acompanhadas por profissionais (as informações foram retiradas do site da Thomson One Analytics). A base de dados estende-se de 2002 a 2008, para 158 Bancos, com 1.044 observações. As evidências apontam que, de modo geral, não foi possível identificar pelas variáveis utilizadas nos modelos, na maioria das situações testadas, Gerenciamento de Resultados, a partir das Escolhas Contábeis, isto é, não há evidência empírica, por essas variáveis, que os Bancos no Brasil, independentemente do tamanho, origem, níveis diferenciados de Governança Corporativa e acompanhamento por analistas, utilizem a contabilização de derivativos como instrumento de Gerenciamento de Resultados. / This dissertation aims at verifying whether there are Earnings Management practices (regarding Accounting Choices) resulting from the impact of accounting for derivatives in Bank institutions available in Brazil, with position on 12/01st/2008, under Brazils Central Bank supervision. One of the innovations of this study is that in addition to the use of all Banks in the mentioned position, which consists of a census, this practice has its focus on Accounting Choice Theory. The approach of this dissertation is an empirical-analytical one, and its general hypothesis is that there is no Earnings Management for all considered institutions. Additionally, the method considers the panel data analysis and regressions with dummy variables. The classification for the use of these variables includes: size (through Total Asset) of the Banks and also another existing classification, which Brazils Central Bank discloses trimestrally; origin, (Brazilians and non-Brazilians Banks); differenced levels of Corporate Governance, which distinguishes among those that are or are not placed on Level 1, 2 or New Market; and accompaniment by analysts, in which institutions are separated among those that are or are not accompanied by those professionals (the information is taken from the Thomson One Analytics website). The data basis ranges from 2002 up to 2008, for 158 Banks, with 1.044 observations. The evidences point out that it was not generally possible to identify, in the models, in the majority of the tested situations, Earnings Management through Accounting Choices, which means that it was not found empirical evidence that Banks in Brazil, regardless of the size, origin, differenced levels of Corporate Governance and accompaniment by analysts, use accounting for derivatives as a tool for Earnings Management.