The main content of this thesis is the assessment of a payroll system in the company XY. The theoretical part depicts all information regarding salaries. It describes the process from determining gross and net salaries that are paid to employees of every company. The practical part focuses on a specific company -- XY. At first, the company XY is described in great detail. This part is followed by a description of the rules and regulations employed in the company's payroll system. Part of my thesis is devoted to the International Financial Reporting Standards concerned with wages of employees, because company XY is obliged to follow these rules.

Due to the lack of uniform financial reporting standards, size of the capital markets in the EU corresponded at the turn of the millennium to roughly half of those in the US. As a result, EU decided to introduce a uniform financial reporting standards which would be transparent, fully understood, properly assessed and effectively enforceable. As agreed in the secondary legislation, stock exchange companies from any of the member states become to be obliged to prepare consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS. IFRS have been primarily designed for the needs of the capital markets, continental accounting (icluding the Czech one) has been, on the other hand, focused on the protection of creditors, and also heavily influenced by the tax area. Correct application of IFRS requires accountants, who are well aware of the differences between the two systems. If and to what extent, stock exchange companies prepare their financial statements in compliance with IFRS, is examined in this paper. The aim of this paper is to introduce administrative and legislative process leading to the adoption of standards in the EU as well as at national levels, to introduce a system of IFRS comliance supervision and to identify the extent to which stock exchange companies are able to apply IFRS in their financial statements. The paper is divided into five chapters. Theoretical part includes a historical overview of the introduction of IFRS in the EU, overview of the legislation related to IFRS and supervision of IFRS compliance in the EU and in the Czech Republic. Last chapter assesses IFRS compliance in practice.

U.S. GAAP and the software industry in particular, are on the verge of a major alteration in revenue-recognition accounting standards. The IASB-FASB joint revenue-recognition project is due to be finalized over the next year with the result being a shift from a rules-based set of accounting standards to a principles-based standard. The purpose of this research is to examine financial statement preparers' software revenue-recognition decisions under a principles-based accounting standard compared to a rules-based accounting standard both with and without a personal incentive to maximize revenue. The 2 X 2 between-subjects experiment examines the revenue-recognition judgments and decisions of financial statement preparers involved in applying rules-based standards (U.S. GAAP) and a principles-based standard (IASB-FASB Exposure Draft: Revenue from Contracts with Customers) with and without a personal incentive to maximize revenue. The study included 127 experienced financial statement preparers with an average of 20 years of experience and 82% at a manager/director level or above. The results indicate financial statement preparers applying rules-based standards in a revenue-recognition scenario provide less accurate revenue decisions than when applying a principles-based standard. Moreover, the results did not show that a personal incentive influenced the financial statement preparers in their revenue-recognition decisions. Surprisingly, in the rules-based and principles-based scenarios where a personal incentive was not present, the arithmetic mean recommended revenue amounts were higher. In providing the amount of judgment required to determine the revenue to be recognized, there was not a statistically significant difference in the amount of judgment required between subjects applying rules-based standards and subjects applying principles-based standards. The arithmetic means for rules-based subjects and principles-based indicated some judgment however not significant judgment was required. This is interesting to note as so few subjects correctly answered the revenue amount and neglected to fully apply the guidance.

El presente trabajo de investigación busca determinar el impacto que los contratos de consorcio, conforme a la NIIF 11 "Acuerdos Conjuntos", tienen en el desempeño financiero de las empresas del sector upstream de hidrocarburos domiciliadas en San Isidro en el año 2018. En los últimos años, ha habido un aumento de trabajos de exploración y explotación en nuestro país, como consecuencia de la riqueza mineral que se posee, siendo muchos de ellos realizados bajo la forma de los consorcios. En este sentido, el objetivo del trabajo es identificar la existencia de criterios adecuados para la clasificación de los contratos de consorcio por parte del área contable y demás áreas responsables. Asimismo, determinará el impacto financiero del reconocimiento de los contratos de consorcio en los estados financieros de estas empresas. Finalmente, se identificará el tratamiento tributario que las mencionadas entidades aplican para los contratos de consorcio y el impacto de este en sus rendimientos. La investigación se desarrolló en cinco secciones principales. En el Capítulo I, Marco Teórico, se definieron los términos claves que permitirán un mejor entendimiento del trabajo realizado, entre estos se encuentran la Norma Internacional de Información Financiera N°11 (NIIF 11), los aspectos societarios locales y la definición de desempeño financiero. En el Capítulo II, Plan de Investigación, se plantearon los problemas de investigación y se determinaron los objetivos e hipótesis generales y específicas. En el Capítulo III, Metodología de Investigación, se estableció el tipo de investigación a realizar, así como la muestra empleada en el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo. En el Capítulo IV, Desarrollo de la Investigación, se llevó a cabo el trabajo de campo, conformado por las entrevistas a los expertos y las encuestas a los profesionales; de la misma forma, se desarrolló un caso práctico para evaluar el impacto de los consorcios bajo la NIIF 11. En el Capítulo V, Análisis de Resultados, se analizaron los resultados obtenidos durante el trabajo de campo y el caso práctico planteado. Finalmente, se plantean conclusiones de la investigación y se proponen recomendaciones basadas en un análisis exhaustivo. El portal permitirá que los vendedores puedan dar a conocer sus productos (los cuales serán organizados por categorías) a precios competitivos, fomentado el consumo colaborativo por parte de los clientes que se suscriban al portal. Los productos ofertados a precios competitivos se encontrarán a disposición de compra durante un periodo de tiempo y mientras mayores compras se tengan sobre un determinado producto, este tendrá una reducción de precio, que generará ahorro en el cliente. Al visualizar el número de artículos vendidos y que este trae un ahorro, los mismos clientes se encargarán de persuadir a familiares, amigos, colegas de trabajo o estudio a consumir. Cabe resaltar que el ahorro no será representado por una devolución en dinero en efectivo, sino como garante (inicial) para la compra de otro artículo. La plataforma estará diseñada de modo que el usuario tenga una experiencia amigable y pueda desenvolverse ampliamente al momento de realizar sus compras. Asimismo, el servicio de atención al cliente siempre estará dispuesto a satisfacer cualquier duda relacionada con la seguridad de las compras, además de poner a disposición un buzón de quejas y sugerencias. La cobertura del servicio durante el primer año abastecería las siguientes zonas de Lima Metropolitana1: Zonas 2, 4, 6, y 8. / The present research work seeks to determine the impact that consortium contracts, in accordance with IFRS 11 "Joint Agreements", have on the financial performance of the upstream hydrocarbons sector companies domiciled in San Isidro in 2018. In the recent years, there has been an increase in exploration and production in our country, as a result of the mineral wealth that it possesses, many of them being carried out in the form of consortium. In this sense, the objective of the work is to identify the existence of suitable criteria for the classification of consortium contracts by the accounting area and other responsible areas. It will also determine the financial impact of the recognition of consortium contracts in the financial statements of these companies. Finally, the tax treatment that the entities apply for consortium contracts and their impact on their performance will be identified. The research was developed in five main sections. In Chapter I, Theoretical Framework, define the key terms that will allow a better understanding of the work done, among them are the International Financial Reporting Standard No. 11 (IFRS 11), local corporate aspects and the definition of financial performance. In Chapter II, Research Plan, research problems were established, and general and specific objectives and hypotheses were determined. In Chapter III, Research Methodology, the type of research to be carried out was established, as well as the sample used in the qualitative and quantitative analysis. In Chapter IV, Research Development, fieldwork was carried out, consisting of interviews with experts and surveys with professionals; in the same way, a practical case was developed to evaluate the impact of the consortiums under IFRS 11. In Chapter V, Analysis of Results, the results obtained during the fieldwork and the practical case raised were analyzed. Finally, research conclusions are raised, and recommendations are proposed based on an exhaustive analysis. The portal will allow sellers to present their products (which will be organized by category) at competitive prices, promoting collaborative consumption by customers who subscribe to the portal. The products offered at competitive prices will be available for purchase for a period of time and the greater the purchases made on a certain product, it will have a price reduction, which will generate savings for the customer. By visualizing the number of items sold and that this brings savings, the same customers will be in charge of persuading family, friends, work or study colleagues to consume. It should be noted that the savings will not be represented by a return in cash, but as a guarantor (initial) for the purchase of another item. The platform will be designed so that the user has a friendly experience and can function widely when making purchases. Likewise, the customer service will always be ready to answer any questions related to the security of purchases, in addition to making a complaints and suggestions box available. The service coverage during the first year would supply the following areas of Metropolitan Lima: Zones 2, 4, 6, and 8. / Tesis

Frankfurt (Main), Universiẗat, Diss., 2007.

Universiẗat, Diss.--Bayreuth, 2007.

While the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) considers European national standard-setters (NSSs) as close partners that play a vital role in its legitimacy, empirical evidence on EFRAG’s consultation processes and the involvement of NSSs therein remains scarce. We use a multi-issue/multi-period approach to investigate the formal participation in EFRAG’s consultation processes. By examining 2,102 comment letters submitted to EFRAG in the 2002–2015 period, we find that NSSs typically outweigh other stakeholder groups in terms of level of participation across stages of the consultation process and project topics. Although NSSs’ level of participation is rather stable over time, it significantly varies across European countries. We also provide a recent classification of European NSSs and show that NSSs’ level of participation varies by their institutional status and is the highest for private NSSs. Our findings have implications for aspects of the legitimacy of both EFRAG and NSSs and shed light on the role of intermediaries in international accounting standard-setting.

Objectif: Le capital intellectuel est une ressource stratégique qui joue un rôle important dans le processus de création de valeur. Le sujet du capital intellectuel a été intéressant au cours des dernières décennies en tenant compte du fait que le vingtième siècle est un siècle d’idées, de connaissances, d’innovations, d’informations et de changements. Parallèlement, le marché financier est devenu influent sur le marché mondial, le capital intellectuel a donc joué un rôle très important. La plupart des recherches ont pour but d'identifier le lien entre le capital intellectuel et les performances financières à court terme, telles que les bénéfices, les parts de marché, les chiffres d'affaires ou la valeur marchande. Cette recherche vise à combler les lacunes de la littérature lorsqu'il s'agit de la valeur comptable totale en tant que performance finale. En améliorant la valeur comptable totale de la société et en créant de nouveaux actifs grâce à la capitalisation des investissements en composants de capital intellectuel, la société génère des avantages à long terme.Méthodologie: Nous avons inclus 498 entreprises françaises et 475 dans une analyse statistique de corrélation complexe respectivement dans deux modèles de recherche principaux. Les informations financières sont extraites de la base de données financières «Point Risk» pour répondre à la question de recherche principale. Le modèle utilisé dans cette étude est le modèle d'évaluation de la transformation du capital intellectuel (ICTEM) développé par Molodchik et al. (2012). Ce modèle étudie le processus de transformation du capital intellectuel dans la performance d’une entreprise.Constatations: Les entreprises transforment et capitalisent leurs investissements dans les composantes du capital intellectuel en actifs concrets de la valeur comptable totale. Les trois principales composantes du capital intellectuel dans lesquelles les entreprises investissent sont: le capital humain, le capital organisationnel et le capital relationnel.Conséquences et limites: La principale contribution de notre recherche est l’identification du lien entre les investissements dans les composantes du capital intellectuel et la valeur comptable totale de la société en tant que performance finale. Jusqu’à présent, la valeur comptable totale de la performance finale d’une entreprise n’était pas utilisée en corrélation avec le capital intellectuel et ses investissements.Les limites de l’étude sont la recherche d’informations financières adéquates sur les entreprises qui seront utilisées dans une analyse. Les informations financières, telles que les dépenses de marketing et les dépenses de R & D, ne sont pas toujours disponibles dans les comptes des entreprises.Caractéristique originale: cette étude présente la première vérification de la relation positive entre les investissements dans les composantes du capital intellectuel et la valeur comptable totale de la société. / Objective: Intellectual capital is a strategic resource that plays an important role in the value creation process. Taking into account that the twentieth century is a century of ideas, knowledge, innovations, information and changes, intellectual capital has been an interesting topic over the past few decades. At the same time, the financial market has become influential in the global market, so intellectual capital found a very important role for itself. Most of the research is aimed at identifying the relation between intellectual capital and short-term financial performance, such as profits, market shares, turnovers, or market value. This research aims to fill the gap in the literature that relates to the total book value as a final performance. By improving the total book value of a company and creating new assets through the capitalization of investments in intellectual capital components, a company generates benefits on a long-term basis. Methodology: We included 498 and 475 French companies in a complex correlation statistical analysis in two main research models respectively. The financial information was obtained from the financial database “Point Risk” for the purpose of addressing the main research question. The model used in the study is the Intellectual Capital Transformation Evaluating Model (ICTEM) developed by Molodchik et al. (2012). This model investigates the process of intellectual capital transformation in the performance of a company.Findings: Companies transform and capitalize their investments in intellectual capital components into concrete assets in the total book value. The three main intellectual capital components that companies invest in are: human capital, organizational capital and relational capital. Implications and limitations: The main contribution of our research is the identification of the link between investments in intellectual capital components and a company’s total book value as final performance. Until now, the total book value as company final performance has not been used in correlation with intellectual capital and its investments. There are limitations of the study. One of them is to find adequate financial information about companies that will be used in an analysis and another one is financial information, such as marketing expenses and R&D expenses, which is not always available in the accounts of a company. Original feature: This study presents the first verification of a positive relationship between investments in intellectual capital components and a company’s total book value.

Most of international groups are obliged to create and report consolidated financial statements. In this thesis, I will describe and analyze essential principles and procedures for groups when creating consolidated financial statements according to existing norms and regulations. Furthermore I will present modifications and rules for groups that report their individual financial statements according to Czech legal norm, but consolidate according to International Financial Reporting Standards.

This thesis deals with measurement of financial performance of a company. The main goal of the thesis is to find appropriate tools and use them to enhance current situation in specific company. In theoretical part it analyses problem in general.Then, it analyses the problem from the point of view of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and finally from the point of view of Management accounting. In practical part, the earned knowledge is used to achieve improvement in performace measurement in the chosen company.