En el Perú, el sistema financiero es fundamental para fomentar el desarrollo económico, por lo que la adopción de las buenas prácticas de gobierno corporativo tiene un impacto positivo, permitiendo la estabilidad del sistema, generando nuevas inversiones y el desarrollo del mercado de capitales. La presente investigación, tiene como principal objetivo analizar si existe una relación entre la adopción de las prácticas de buen gobierno corporativo y el grado de solvencia económica que mantienen los Bancos del Sistema Financiero Peruano. La investigación busca obtener evidencia con relación causal entre variables y su efecto. Además, fue necesario realizar una investigación de tipo cuantitativa, utilizando el scoring establecido por el índice de buen gobierno corporativo, y la medición de solvencia económica. Se analizaron diversos modelos de medición de solvencia y valor económico como; el Modelo Z de Altman, el Valor Económico Agregado y la Q de Tobin, determinándose como indicador el modelo Z de Altman lo que permite ser una herramienta útil en la evaluación de la viabilidad de las empresas. Además de ser considerado por expertos como un modelo de calificación para mercados emergentes como el Perú. La investigación comprende desde el año 2012 al 2018 y se analizaron a 15 Instituciones Financieras. Finalmente, los resultados hallados permiten asociar el buen uso de prácticas del gobierno corporativo con un impacto positivo para el fortalecimiento de la solvencia económica en el Sector Financiero del Perú. / In Peru, the financial system is essential to promote economic development, so the adoption of good corporate governance practices has a positive impact, allowing the stability of the system, generating new investments and the development of the capital market. The main objective of this research is to analyze whether there is a relationship between the adoption of good corporate governance practices and the degree of economic solvency maintained by the Banks of the Peruvian Financial System. The research seeks to obtain evidence with a causal relationship between variables and their effect. In addition, a quantitative investigation was necessary using the scoring established by the good corporate governance Index, and the measurement of economic solvency. Various solvency and economic value measurement models were analyzed, such as the Altman Z Model, the Added Economic Value and the Tobin Q. The Altman Z model was the indicator chosen, which allows it to be a useful tool in the evaluation of the viability of the companies. In addition, many experts consider it as a rating model for emerging markets such as Peru. The research includes the periods from 2012 to 2018 and 15 Financial Institutions were analyzed. Finally, the results found allow us to associate the good use of corporate governance Practices with a positive impact for the strengthening of economic solvency in the Financial Sector of Peru. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente documento tiene como objetivo desarrollar un plan de negocio para la implementación de una plataforma de financiamiento participativo financiero (crowdlending), que conectará a los peruanos que requieran de financiamiento (acreditados) para cumplir sus sueños a corto plazo con el apoyo de otros peruanos que disponen de fondos (prestamistas) a cambio de rentabilidad en su inversión. Conectamos a cada prestamista con varios acreditados, a través de nuestra plataforma digital (website y app móvil) que será intuitiva, simple y segura, que permita el seguimiento tanto de sus préstamos personales, como de sus inversiones. En el plan de negocio se determinaron los siguientes segmentos de clientes: los acreditados, como peruanos mayores de edad que residen en Lima Metropolitana y con necesidades de financiamiento de menor cuantía y en corto plazo, generalmente dirigidas a cubrir consolidación de deudas, viajes, estudios y compras; los prestamistas, como peruanos mayores de edad que residen en Lima Metropolitana que disponen de fondos excedentes y están en permanente búsqueda de mayores rentabilidades. Luego del análisis estratégico, se observaron condiciones favorables para la implementación de este plan de negocio pues actualmente el mercado de las fintech (empresas que brindan servicios financieros haciendo uso de tecnología) está facilitando el acceso de los peruanos al sistema financiero que antes no lo tenían. Existen varias alternativas en el rubro de préstamos personales, sin embargo, la fintech ekeko que se encuentra en el sector fintech crowdlending, con su ventaja y los objetivos estratégicos planteados, se enfocará en la diferenciación por mejores tasas para los acreditados y para los prestamistas mejor servicio agregando un seguimiento al sistema de cobranzas de los préstamos colocados de los acreditados. Se dispone de una estructura organizativa acorde a una sociedad anónima cerrada, desarrollándose los estados financieros para medir la viabilidad financiera y económica, con los cuales se obtuvo una utilidad positiva en el estado de resultados, mientras que el flujo de caja permitió evidenciar un VPN de S/ 1,567,725 y una TIR de 70%, positivos, por lo cual el proyecto es viable y se recomienda su implementación. / The purpose of this document is to develop a business plan for the implementation of a participatory financial financing platform (crowdlending), which will connect Peruvians who require financing (accredited) to accomplished their dreams in the short term with the support of other Peruvians which has funds (lenders) in exchange of return on your investment. We connect each lender with several accredited, through our digital platform (website and mobile application) that will be intuitive, simple and secure, which will allow following of both their personal loans and their investments. The customer segments were determined in the business plan: accredited, such as those of legal age residing in Metropolitan Lima and with minor and short-term financing needs, lead to covering the consolidation of debts, travel, studies and shopping. Lenders, such as Peruvians of legal age who reside in Metropolitan Lima who have surplus funds and are constantly seeking greater returns. After the strategic analysis, favorable conditions were observed for the implementation of this business plan, because currently fintech market (companies that provide financial services using technology) is facilitating the access of Peruvians to the financial system that previously did not. There are several alternatives in the field of personal loans, however, the fintech ekeko that is in the fintech crowdlending sector, with its advantage and the strategic objectives set, focused on the differentiation for the best rates for the accredited and the best service for the lenders adding a follow-up to the collection system of the loans placed by the borrowers. An organizational structure is available according to a closed corporation, developing the financial statements to measure the financial and economic viability, with which a positive profit was obtained in the income statement, while the cash flow is evidenced in NPV S/ 1,567,725 and IRR 70%, positive, so the project is viable and its implementation is recommended. / Trabajo de investigación

O objetivo central da presente dissertação é analisar criticamente a estrutura bancária brasileira durante e após a crise financeira de 2008, chamada de crise do subprime. Há certo consenso na literatura especializada de que o Brasil atravessou bem o colapso financeiro internacional, principalmente quando se coloca o desempenho da economia e dos bancos brasileiros lado a lado com o de outros países, notadamente os Estados Unidos. A explicação básica é a de que isso se deu, em grande medida, pelas condições concorrenciais e regulatórias previamente existentes no país. Entretanto, este estudo demonstra que o fenômeno da crise do subprime não foi completamente compreendido quando são feitas essas comparações, em especial quando se analisam as condições que propiciaram a origem da crise nos Estados Unidos. Ainda, vários dos fatores apontados como razão da solidez financeira brasileira foram criticados em outros momentos como sendo gargalos e deficiências históricos do setor bancário nacional. Por mais que se deva avaliar positivamente o comportamento das instituições financeiras no Brasil durante o período de dificuldades, essa análise deve ser feita com parcimônia para evitar a complacência acadêmica e operacional quanto à qualidade do sistema financeiro, visto que ainda são grandes os desafios a serem enfrentados para humanizar e democratizar as finanças no país. / The main purpose of this dissertation is to critically analyze the Brazilian banking structure during and after the financial crisis of 2008, called the subprime crisis. There is some consensus among authors that Brazil and its banks behaved well during the international financial turmoil, especially when compared to other countries, like the United States. The given explanation for that soundness is basically the competitive and regulatory conditions previously existing in the country. However, as this study tries to demonstrate, the subprime crisis was not fully understood when these comparisons between countries were (and are) made, especially when considering the conditions that led to the origin of the crisis in the United States. Besides, several factors cited as reasons for the Brazilian financial strength have been criticized in other moments as bottlenecks and historical flaws of the domestic banking sector. As much as one should positively evaluate the behavior of financial institutions in Brazil during the period of difficulties, such analysis should be done sparingly to avoid academic and operational complacency about the quality of the financial system, as there are still major challenges to be faced to humanize and democratize the country\'s finances.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the development of financial holdings companies in china. As china joined WTO, it gradually has to open its domestic financial market. As a result, for financial holdings companies in china to compete with large foreign financial groups, their business modal has to change. We will discuss how chinese local financial holdings were reacting towards the presence of large foreign financial groups and the outcome of this reaction , taking all factors that account. This thesis will also explore and compare the strengths and weaknesses as well as advantages and disadvantages between local chinese companies and large foreign companies.

This thesis analyses financial stability in eight members of the Executives’ Meeting of East Asia-Pacific Central Banks (EMEAP) economies. One of the factors that may increase financial imbalances (and hence it affects financial stability of an economy) is the accumulated outstanding debt of the economic agents. For example, the corporate sector’s outstanding debt can negatively affect activity of lenders and hence the capabilities of the economy. Since banks are important financial intermediaries in most financial systems, the financial status of banking sector is also important to analyse financial stability of a country. Macroeconomic conditions and financial system structure are some of the important factors that can affect financial conditions (financial soundness) of banks and hence the banking sector. Financial soundness of banks can secure the stability of the financial system. Chapter 2 shows that financial imbalances that arise from accumulated outstanding debt within the corporate sector have a negative effect on the technical capabilities (total factor productivity) of the economy. Therefore, monetary authority (central bank) should control over the debt level. To address this, chapter 2 focuses on the design of monetary policy rule for a small open economy in the context of a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model. This model is extended to show the effects of financial imbalances on the economy. Real exchange rate is another important factor that affects the firm’s real marginal cost, aggregate supply and aggregate demand as discussed in this chapter. The derived optimal monetary policy rule indicates that the monetary authority responds to financial imbalances through output gap when financial imbalances exist due to accumulated outstanding debt. Moreover, the optimal policy rule shows that the response of the monetary authority to exchange rate movements is indirect, through the domestic inflation and output gap. Chapter 3 describes the effect of the financial system structure on financial stability through investigating the financial soundness of the banking sector. Bank financial soundness is the measure of the stability of the financial system and is defined by return on assets, equity capital-asset ratio and return volatility. The first two items increase financial soundness, whereas return volatility decreases financial soundness of a bank. The structure of the financial system is described as market-based or bank-based. Given interrelations between financial sectors and between economies of the EMEAP countries, chapter 3 uses the global (infinite dimensional) vector autoregressive (VAR) model that has been proposed recently to estimate the generalised impulse responses of financial stability measure. Results show that the market-based financial system can increase financial stability through increasing financial soundness of the banking system. Chapter 4 uses nonperforming loans (NPLs) (as one of the main factors behind Asian financial crisis in 1997/8) to analyse financial soundness of banks. NPLs determine loans default rates that decreases banks’ financial soundness. Chapter 4 tests the resistance of the banking system of the EMEAP countries to large macroeconomic shocks (stresses) in a stress-test framework, computing frequency distributions of default rates in three main macroeconomic scenarios (baseline model, stressed real GDP growth and stressed real interest rate). Default rate indicates the possible loss of banks and hence it is an indicator of credit risk which weakens banks’ financial strength. The stress-test indicates that stressing real GDP growth with negative extreme shocks leads to an increase in frequency of higher default rates (in comparison with the baseline model), whereas positive shock to real interest rate may secure financial stability through increasing the frequency of lower default rates and decreasing frequency of higher default rate.

Magistro baigiamojo darbo aktualumas ir problema atsispindi dabartinėje kredito unijų padėtyje ir jų prisiimamoje rizikoje, kai už dideles palūkanas yra pritraukiami indėliai, ženkliai didinantys šių finansinių įstaigų įsipareigojimus ir paskolų apimtis, siekiant konkuruoti su bankais. Konkurencijai su bankais taip pat įtaką daro ir neigiama žiniasklaidos informacija apie šių finansinių įtaigų veiklos neskaidrumą. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti teoriniu ir praktiniu požiūriu kredito unijų veiklą, nustatyti jų vietą finansų sistemoje. Finansinių tendencijų kredito unijose analizės metu buvo išsiaiškinta, kad kredito unijų turtas, investicijos į vyriausybės vertybinius popierius, paskolos, indėlių priėmimas ir pajinio kapitalo apimtys augo. Atlikus ekspertų interviu gautų duomenų analizę, nustatyta, kad dabartinė kredito unijų sistema yra vertinama teigiamai. Siekiant tobulinti Lietuvos kredito unijų veiklą, pirmiausiai, yra būtina gerinti kredito unijų darbuotojų kompetenciją, suteikti sąlygas aptarnauti ne tik kredito unijų narius, diegti naujas informacines technologijas, taip sukuriant daugiau paslaugų ir produktų klientams. Įvertinus pagrindinius veiksnius, susijusius su kredito unijų valdymu, nustatyta, kad Lietuvos kredito unijų sistema trečiojo, brandos, lygio per artimiausius metus nepasieks. Tačiau pagrindiniai tobulinimai šiame sektoriuje turėtų apimti informacinių technologijų plėtojimą, ypač vertinant mobilius apmokėjimus ir mobilią bankininkystę. / The relevance and problematic of this master's thesis is reflected in the current position of credit unions and their risk taking, while the high interest rates the deposits are attracted, it also significantly increases the obligations and loan volume of these financial institutions in comparison with the banks. Competition with the banks also influenced by negative media coverage of the financial activities of credit unions. The goal of this thesis is to assess the theoretical and practical approach of the activities in credit unions to establish their place in the financial system. The analysis of financial trends showed the increase in assets, investment in government securities, loans, deposit-taking and shared capital in Lithuanian credit unions during the period of 2005-2012. The expert survey results showed that the current credit union system is viewed positively. In order to improve the Lithuanian credit unions operations there is a need to improve the skills of the staff, to provide service for not only the members of the credit union, introduce new information technologies to this financial sector, and to create more services and products. In should be noted, that evaluation of main credit union development factors influencing Lithuanian credit union system showed that this system will not reach the maturity level over the next few years. But improvements should be made in information technology development of credit unions, especially in mobile payments and... [to full text]

p. 1-167 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-03-19T19:37:54Z No. of bitstreams: 2 tftftf252525.pdf: 1091012 bytes, checksum: cf4a029d52a4863becc197b02a5903e0 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO de Miguel - Capa, Sumário e listas.pdf: 75204 bytes, checksum: e486c0dc92333eb9f2255da791c3ade0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima(tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2013-04-09T18:48:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 tftftf252525.pdf: 1091012 bytes, checksum: cf4a029d52a4863becc197b02a5903e0 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO de Miguel - Capa, Sumário e listas.pdf: 75204 bytes, checksum: e486c0dc92333eb9f2255da791c3ade0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-09T18:48:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 tftftf252525.pdf: 1091012 bytes, checksum: cf4a029d52a4863becc197b02a5903e0 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO de Miguel - Capa, Sumário e listas.pdf: 75204 bytes, checksum: e486c0dc92333eb9f2255da791c3ade0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Este trabalho analisou a regulamentação do sistema financeiro nacional, procurando verificar se esta contribui eficazmente para o desenvolvimento do País, nos termos definidos pela Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. Como referencial teórico para a análise dos dados retomou-se a discussão entre a concepção clássica da intermediação financeira, para a qual a atividade bancária seria passiva na determinação das variáveis reais da economia, e os pós-keynesianos, que, a partir da capacidade de criação de moeda pelos bancos, defendem a idéia de que o papel do sistema financeiro no crescimento econômico ultrapassa a simples alocação de recursos poupados pelas unidades familiares. As pesquisas consistiram na análise de leis e regulamentos referentes a cinco itens escolhidos, referentes ao sistema financeiro, e na verificação dos correspondentes resultados observados na economia do País. A conclusão foi que a regulamentação atende prioritariamente aos interesses do Capital e não contribui para a promoção do desenvolvimento do País nem para que haja uma boa prestação de serviços financeiros à coletividade. / Salvador

A evolução da literatura acerca de crescimento econômico incorporou as instituições financeiras – entende-se que sistemas financeiros bem desenvolvidos promovem maior eficiência alocativa, acumulação de capital, inovação tecnológica e crescimento da economia. Comumente o crédito é a variável empregada nos modelos que buscam medir o impacto das finanças no crescimento. O objetivo geral da dissertação foi analisar o impacto do crédito rural no crescimento, o que pode contribuir para eventuais correções nos rumos da política agrícola brasileira. Desenvolveu-se estudo empírico em que se delimitou o período de estudo entre os anos de 1999 e 2012, na Região Sul do Brasil, na qual a participação da agropecuária no PIB é sensivelmente maior, quando comparada ao restante do país. Empregando modelo de dados em painel, estimaram-se regressões em que a variável dependente foi o valor adicionado bruto municipal per capita e as variáveis explicativas foram os volumes de operações de crédito rural per capita. Foram obtidos resultados para dois modelos analíticos: um modelo em que o crédito rural foi considerado de maneira agregada e outro em que se dividiu o crédito rural nas finalidades de custeio, investimento e comercialização. Os resultados obtidos indicaram impacto positivo do crédito rural no crescimento econômico. No modelo de crédito rural agregado, calculada a elasticidade, verificou-se que um aumento de 1% no crédito rural gera crescimento de 0,17% na Região Sul considerada como um todo. No Rio Grande do Sul, o impacto do crédito rural agregado foi maior do que nos outros estados. Quanto ao modelo das finalidades de crédito rural, na Região Sul verificou-se elasticidade de 0,113% no investimento e de aproximadamente 0,067% no custeio. Por fim, evidenciou-se que a finalidade de comercialização é a que apresenta menor impacto no crescimento (0,005%). Os resultados das regressões indicam a importância do crédito rural, sobretudo nas finalidades de custeio e investimento, para o crescimento econômico dos municípios da Região Sul do Brasil. / Literature developments regarding economic growth has included financial institutions, which plays a role related to transactions and information costs reduction, fund raising, risk management, and profitable projects selection. In this sense, well developed financial systems enhance allocative efficiency, capital accumulation, technologic innovation and economic growth. Usually credit is used as a variable which indicates the financial system development level in models that measure finance economic impact on growth. Analysing this relation is a way of evaluating the achievement of Brazil´s rural credit policy goals in an economic perspective, and may contribute to its improvement. The present study aims to evaluate this public policy effectiveness, in terms of its impact on growth. The period of study goes from 1999 to 2012, on Brazil´s South Region, in which rural GDP share is remarkably bigger comparing to the rest of the country. Using a panel data model, regressions were estimated, in which the dependent variable was gross municipal added value and the explanatory variables were rural credit volumes. Two analytical models were used: one considering aggregated rural credit and the other distinguishing the different purposes of rural credit (costing, investment and commercialization). Results indicate a positive impact of rural credit on growth. In the aggregated rural credit model, when the elasticity is calculated it shows that 1% raise in per capita rural credit generates 0,17% raise in per capita added value in the South Region as a whole. Rio Grande do Sul is the state in which rural credit impact is higher inside the region. In the second model, in the South Region results shows a 0,113% elasticity on investment credits. Moreover, costing credits impacts growth in 0,067%. In its turn, commercialization credits have the lowest economic impact (0,005%). Analysing the states separately, the different purposes shows similar results, when compared to the South Region as whole. In general, results indicate rural credit importance to generate economic growth in Brazil´s South Region, especially in rural costing and investment credit purposes.

This thesis is focused on the reconstruction of the company's accounting system in accordance with applicable law. The literature search will briefly describe the basic law, which must be followed each entity in the accounting treatment, with emphasis on proper preparation of internal guidelines. They will describe the basic requirements for equipment and software in the selection of accounting software. The practical part will be described business entity in which I took during 2011 accounting as an external accountant. Revealing some problems that showed the financial system of this business unit, has motivated me to handle this topic in this thesis. In the practical part describes their accounting methods, software equipment and the main goal of the practical part will apply the correct accounting methods and procedures in the areas in which the company does not properly set up the accounting system. The reconstruction of the accounting system will also find suitable software and its implementation into business operations and in connection with the change in organizational structure. Result of the whole work will be newly created internal directions.

A presente tese se empenha na análise comparada de corte polanyiano da trajetória de liberalização econômica do Brasil e Índia. O objetivo é compreender os padrões de mudança institucional que organizam as reformas orientadas para o mercado. Para isso empregou uma análise que combina modelos de coalizão de interesse, dependência de trajetória e comunidades epistêmicas empregados de forma interdependente para entender as adaptações ao cenário de globalização financeira. Os mecanismos de fertilização mútua dessas variáveis causais desempenham um papel analítico crucial porque permitiu escapar de modelos monocausais que tendem a ficar presos a explicações que sobredeterminam exclusivamente restrições externas, padrões institucionais domésticos ou legados institucionais estatais. Ao empregar esse instrumento, a tese procura mostrar as diferenças no grau de liberdade das capacidades estatais entre Brasil e Índia no contexto das reformas e as semelhanças em termos da estratégia incremental das reformas. / By using the Polanyian perspective, this thesis undertakes a comparative analysis of the economic liberalization trajectories in Brazil and India. The aim is to comprehend the patterns of institutional change that organize the market-oriented reforms. For that was employed an analysis that combines in an interconnected manner the theoretical models of interest coalitions, path dependency and epistemic communities, in order to understand the adaptations to the settings of financial globalization. The mechanisms of cross-fertilization of these causal variables perform a crucial analytical role because they permit to escape from the monocausal models that tend to become prisoners of explanations that exclusively overdetermine the external restrictions, domestic institutional patters or state institutional legacies. By using this instrument, the thesis aims to show the differences in the degree of maneuver of state capacities in Brazil and India within the context of reforms and resemblances in terms of incremental reform strategies.