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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The identification of ignitable liquids in the presence of pyrolysis products generation of a pyrolysis product database /

Castelbuono, Joseph. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2008. / Adviser: Michael Sigman. Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-122).
2

The Application of Fire Dynamics to Fire Forensics

Gosselin, Steven Daniel 18 November 2004 (has links)
"Fire investigative methodologies were researched and analyzed resulting in the development of an organizational tool to be used for conducting fire investigations. The tool, or field-guide, was designed to aid the investigator in processing structural fire scenes. The tool accomplishes this by providing, 1) thirteen forms for properly documenting the scene, 2) flowcharts which can enhance the investigators intuition for the fire’s growth rate and spread, and 3) basic engineering correlations which can be used to help validate hypotheses the investigator may develop. By employing these methods, the field-guide can be effectively used to lead an investigator through the entire investigation process - from data collection, to the formulation of hypotheses, and ultimately, to quantitative validation."
3

An analysis of adapting a fire science course for blended on-line delivery

Salbashian, Victor S.. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2009. / NOTE: PAGE NUMBERS GO FROM 31 THEN SKIP TO 37. Includes bibliographical references.
4

Development and Assessment of a Decision Support Framework for Enhancing the Forensic Analysis and Interpretation of Fire Patterns

Gorbett, Gregory Edward 07 August 2015 (has links)
"Fire investigators have historically relied upon fire damage as a means to conclude where a fire originated despite the lack of formal processes. The historical and current literature on the topic was evaluated with a specific emphasis toward the research conducted over the past eighty years related to fire patterns and their creation in the context of the fire environment. A seven step reasoning process for evaluating damage for determining the area of origin, along with a new definition for the term fire pattern, was developed. The aim was to develop and implement into practice a decision support framework that assists forensic fire investigators in assessing the efficacy of fire burn patterns as reliable indicators of the area of fire origin. This was facilitated by the development of a prototype method for determining the area of origin based on fire patterns analysis, named the Process for Origin Determination (POD). This dissertation describes the application of the POD with test subjects and presents an analysis of the outcomes showing its benefits. It has been shown through the use of reliability and validity tests that the POD assisted novices in more consistently and more accurately determining the area of origin over a variety of scenarios."
5

Gaisrų ekspertizių analizė ir jų plėtojimo perspektyvos / Fire investigations analysis and development

Morkūnas, Algirdas 30 January 2006 (has links)
The main purpose of the Master paper is to make fire investigations analysis, to find its problems ant find a way to solve them. Also suggest new alternative fire investigation methods. In the first part of my work I studied fire investigation analysis disputed all the methods of fire investigation used in Lithuania. I found and disputed limitations of fire investigation methods and found few solutions for them. I describe new alternative fire investigation methods used abroad. In the second part of my work I have analyzed new fire investigation method- fire dynamic simulator. I Studied principles and use opportunities of FDS- MOKEWIEV and SMARTFIRE programs. In the third part I wrote few concrete examples when these two fire dynamic simulation programs were used. I have also described test computation with SMARTFIRE fire dynamic simulator. I have wrote conclusions and suggested about fire investigation.
6

Conditions d'utilisation de modèles numériques pour l'évaluation de scénarios de départ de feu dans un cadre d'investigation post-incendie / Use of numerical models to assess fire scenarios in investigation framework

Suzanne, Mathieu 05 November 2009 (has links)
Devant le besoin de nouveaux outils d’aide à l’investigation post-incendie, cette thèse se propose d’évaluer le recours à des modèles numériques pour apprécier un scénario proposé par un expert. Pour cela, les conditions d’utilisation de la version 4 de Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) ont été déterminées dans une optique de reconstitution de sinistres. Une méthode a ensuite été développée afin de confronter les résultats des simulations aux observations faites lors de l’investigation : cette méthode se base sur l’utilisation de multiples points de comparaison qui sont des effets thermiques ou mécaniques remarquables sur un matériau. Les résultats obtenus ont ensuite été utilisés pour la simulation de deux cas réels. Le premier s’attache à comparer, à des simulations, des mesures de propagation de flammes à la surface d’un matelas dans deux configurations différentes. Cela est réalisé afin d’évaluer le modèle de combustion solide de FDS dans différentes conditions de ventilation. La seconde application est la reconstitution d’un incendie ayant fait une victime dans un appartement. Ce second cas a été choisi dans le but d’évaluer les méthodes de simulation et d’utilisation des points de comparaison établies dans les premiers chapitres. / This work is intended to evaluate the use of numerical models to assess fire scenarios proposed by investigators. First chapter of this thesis is about theoretical fire phenomenon useful in the investigation frame. The second chapter is devoted to the validation of a CFD tool named Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) for fire reconstruction purposes. Guidance is developed in the third chapter in order to compare modelling results to degradations observed on fire scenes. It is explained how the accuracy of a scenario could be assessed using several comparison points, the thermal or mechanical effects on materials after a fire. Results obtained in previous chapters are finally applied on two cases. The first one is the comparison of fire spread velocities measured on two different experiments with simulations. This study is carried out to test FDS combustion model under ventilated and underventilated conditions. The second case is the reconstruction of a fire which killed the occupant of an apartment, the purpose of this work being to apply modelling and investigation guidance to a real case.
7

Untersuchung von Methoden zur Früherkennung von Bränden in Wald- und Vegetationsgebieten / Early Detection of Fires in Areas of Forests and other Vegetation

Schneider, Dirk 01 August 2017 (has links) (PDF)
Dissertation of Chief Fire Officer Dipl.-Ing. M. Sc. Dirk Schneider for achieving the academic degree of Dr.-Ing. of the Faculty of Forestry, Geo and Hydro Sciences of the Technical University of Dresden with the title: “Early Detection of Fires in Areas of Forests and other Vegetation” Fires threaten and destroy extensive forest and vegetation areas every year, endangering people and its settlements, leading to significant pressures on the environment and destroying considerable high value resources. The expenditures in manpower, logistics and finance for safety in general and fire suppression in particular are considerable. To minimize these varied and extensive consequences of fires, early detection is desirable, making an effective firefighting strategy possible. This early detection is particularly of importance in remote, large-scale areas and territories not under observation by the population, especially if they are subject to an increased or high vulnerability. After investigating and considering the causes, that repeatedly lead to forest fires not only in the Federal Republic of Germany but worldwide, the author describes different traditional and modern methods for early detection of fires in areas of forests and other vegetation. Furthermore the author develops a performance item catalog, basing on practical and economic experience, by which not only novel early warning systems can be developed, but the systems and methods described in the present study also are assessed and compared. The comparison of various early warning systems is guided not only by means of technical features, but also from an economic perspective. Financial calculation methods, staff costs and the peculiarities in public administration are particularly noted. The author also shows the different parameters that influence the selection of an appropriate early warning system for the detection of forest and vegetation areas. It becomes clear that it is the scene of the incident with its specific parameters that determines the most useful early warning system.
8

Untersuchung von Methoden zur Früherkennung von Bränden in Wald- und Vegetationsgebieten

Schneider, Dirk 29 March 2017 (has links)
Dissertation of Chief Fire Officer Dipl.-Ing. M. Sc. Dirk Schneider for achieving the academic degree of Dr.-Ing. of the Faculty of Forestry, Geo and Hydro Sciences of the Technical University of Dresden with the title: “Early Detection of Fires in Areas of Forests and other Vegetation” Fires threaten and destroy extensive forest and vegetation areas every year, endangering people and its settlements, leading to significant pressures on the environment and destroying considerable high value resources. The expenditures in manpower, logistics and finance for safety in general and fire suppression in particular are considerable. To minimize these varied and extensive consequences of fires, early detection is desirable, making an effective firefighting strategy possible. This early detection is particularly of importance in remote, large-scale areas and territories not under observation by the population, especially if they are subject to an increased or high vulnerability. After investigating and considering the causes, that repeatedly lead to forest fires not only in the Federal Republic of Germany but worldwide, the author describes different traditional and modern methods for early detection of fires in areas of forests and other vegetation. Furthermore the author develops a performance item catalog, basing on practical and economic experience, by which not only novel early warning systems can be developed, but the systems and methods described in the present study also are assessed and compared. The comparison of various early warning systems is guided not only by means of technical features, but also from an economic perspective. Financial calculation methods, staff costs and the peculiarities in public administration are particularly noted. The author also shows the different parameters that influence the selection of an appropriate early warning system for the detection of forest and vegetation areas. It becomes clear that it is the scene of the incident with its specific parameters that determines the most useful early warning system.:Vorwort 3 Abstract 6 Inhaltsverzeichnis 7 1 Einleitung 12 2 Ziel- und Aufgabenstellung 17 3 Vorbetrachtungen und Stand des Wissens 18 3.1 Die Waldbrandsituation 18 3.2 Brandursachen in Wäldern und Vegetationsgebieten 21 3.3 Methoden der Waldbrandfrüherkennung 27 3.3.1 Herkömmliche Methoden der Waldbrandfrüherkennung 27 3.3.1.1 Notrufmeldung durch die Öffentlichkeit 27 3.3.1.2 Feuerwachtürme 29 3.3.1.3 Luftbeobachtung 35 3.3.1.3.1 Feuerwehrflugdienst Niedersachsen 39 3.3.1.3.2 Luftrettungsstaffel Bayern 44 3.3.1.3.3 Avialesookhrana 47 3.3.2 Moderne Systeme 50 3.3.2.1 Terrestrische Systeme 51 3.3.2.1.1 Firewatch 53 3.3.2.1.2 Firehawk Forestwatch 69 3.3.2.1.3 Integriertes Waldbrand-Beobachtungssystem (IPNAS) 72 3.3.2.1.4 FireALERT 76 3.3.2.1.5 Fire Wall 83 3.3.2.1.6 Radio-Akustisches-Sondierungssystem (RASS) 87 3.3.2.1.7 Mobile Biological Sensors (MBS) 93 3.3.2.1.8 Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) 101 3.3.2.1.9 Golden Eye 104 3.3.2.2 Aeronautische Systeme 108 3.3.2.2.1 National Infrared Operations Program (NIROPS) 108 3.3.2.2.2 Wildfire Airborne Sensor Program (WASP) 116 3.3.2.2.3 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) 121 3.3.2.2.4 Luftschiffe 130 3.3.2.3 Orbitale Systeme 135 3.3.2.3.1 Nomos 137 3.3.2.3.2 Bispectral Infrared Detection (BIRD) 141 3.3.2.3.3 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 146 3.3.2.3.4 Polar Operational Environmental Satellite Project (POES) 151 4 Material und Methoden 154 4.1 Material 155 4.1.1 Fachliteratur und Forschungsberichte 155 4.1.2 Fachberichte internationaler staatlicher Dienststellen 155 4.1.3 Technische Betriebsunterlagen von Herstellern 155 4.2 Methoden 156 4.2.1 Gespräche und Interviews 156 4.2.2 Praxisorientiertes Erfahrungs- und Anwenderwissen 156 4.2.3 Vergleich zur Bewertung der technischen Leistungsfähigkeit 157 4.2.4 Wirtschaftlichkeit 159 4.2.4.1 Wirtschaftlichkeit unter betriebs- und finanzwirtschaftlicher Betrachtung 160 4.2.4.1.1 Die Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalyse 161 4.2.4.1.1.1 Wirtschaftlichkeitsrechnung 161 4.2.4.1.1.1.1 Statische Verfahren 161 4.2.4.1.1.1.1.1 Kosten- und Gewinnvergleichsrechnung 162 4.2.4.1.1.1.1.2 Rentabilitätsvergleichsrechnung 162 4.2.4.1.1.1.1.3 Amortisationsvergleichsrechnung 162 4.2.4.1.1.1.2 Dynamische Verfahren 163 4.2.4.1.1.1.2.1 Kapitalwertmethode 163 4.2.4.1.1.1.2.2 Internal Rate of Return 164 4.2.4.1.1.1.2.3 Annuitätenmethode 164 4.2.4.1.1.2 Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse 165 4.2.4.1.1.3 Nutzwertanalyse 165 4.2.4.2 Wirtschaftlichkeit in der öffentlichen Verwaltung 166 4.2.4.3 Personalkosten 170 4.2.4.4 Kostenvergleich verschiedener Früherkennungssysteme 172 5 Entwicklung eines Leistungspositionskataloges 174 5.1 Funktionale Anforderungen 176 5.1.1 Melde- und Dispositionszeiten 176 5.1.1.1 Frühzeitige Branderkennung 176 5.1.1.2 Schnelle Meldewege 177 5.1.1.3 Automatisierte Ortsbestimmung 177 5.1.2 Einsatzbereitschaft 177 5.2 Nicht-Funktionale Anforderungen 178 5.2.1 Zuverlässigkeit 178 5.2.1.1 Geringe Fehlalarm- und Detektionsverlustrate 178 5.2.1.2 Wetterunabhängigkeit 179 5.2.1.3 Temperaturunabhängigkeit 179 5.2.1.4 UV-Beständigkeit 179 5.2.1.5 Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit 179 5.2.1.6 Reduktion von Täuschungsalarmen 180 5.2.1.7 Zwei-Linien-Abhängigkeit 180 5.2.2 Leistungsvermögen 181 5.2.2.1 Automatisches Wirken 181 5.2.2.2 Einsatzinformationsprojektion 181 5.2.3 Benutzbarkeit 181 5.2.3.1 Bedienbarkeit 181 5.2.3.2 Intuitive Erfassbarkeit 182 5.2.4 Portierung und Übertragung 182 5.2.4.1 Leitstellenaufschaltung 182 5.2.4.2 Geoinformationssystem 182 5.2.4.3 Schnittstelle für Wetterinformationen 183 5.2.4.4 Kommunikationsredundanz 183 5.2.4.5 Kompatibilität 183 5.2.4.6 Ergonomie, Design und Ästhetik 183 5.3 Sicherheitsanforderungen 184 5.3.1 Umweltsicherheit 184 5.3.1.1 Gesundheitsschutz 184 5.3.1.2 Umweltverträglichkeit 184 5.3.2 Technische Betriebssicherheit 185 5.3.2.1 Systemstabilität 185 5.3.2.2 Unabhängigkeit von Dritten 185 5.3.2.3 Zwei-Wege-Energieversorgung 185 5.3.2.4 Umweltresistenz 186 5.4 Wirtschaftlichkeit 186 5.4.1 Wartung und Instandsetzung 186 5.4.2 Erweiterbarkeit 186 5.5 Der Leistungspositionskatalog 187 6 Ergebnisse 188 6.1 Die Notwendigkeit des Einsatzes von Früherkennungssystemen 189 6.2 Grundlegende Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit 190 6.2.1 Public Report (Notrufmeldung durch die Öffentlichkeit) 192 6.2.2 Feuerwachtürme 193 6.2.3 Luftbeobachtung 193 6.2.4 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) 194 6.2.5 Luftschiffe 195 6.2.6 Terrestrische CCTV-Technik 196 6.2.7 Terrestrische OSS-Videotechnik 196 6.2.8 Erdgebundene Infrarotsysteme 197 6.2.9 Erdgebundene Temperatursensoren 197 6.2.10 Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) 198 6.2.11 Sonic Detection and Ranging (SODAR) und Radio-Akustische-Sondierungssysteme (RASS) 199 6.2.12 Mobile biologische Sensoren (MBS) 200 6.2.13 Satellitentechnologie 201 6.2.14 Zusammenfassung der grundlegenden Bewertung 201 6.3 Bewertung nach dem Leistungspositionskatalog 204 6.3.1 Erfüllung der funktionalen Anforderungen 205 6.3.2 Erfüllung der nicht-funktionalen Anforderungen 206 6.3.3 Erfüllung der Sicherheitsanforderungen 206 6.3.4 Betrachtung der Wirtschaftlichkeit 207 6.3.5 Public Report (Notrufmeldung durch die Öffentlichkeit) 207 6.3.6 Feuerwachturm 209 6.3.7 Luftbeobachtung 212 6.3.8 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) 213 6.3.9 Luftschiffe 216 6.3.10 CCTV-Technik 218 6.3.11 OSS-Videotechnik 220 6.3.12 Erdgebundene Infrarotsysteme 222 6.3.13 Erdgebundene Temperatursysteme 224 6.3.14 Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) 226 6.3.15 Sonic Detection and Ranging (SODAR) und Radio-Akustische-Sondierungssysteme (RASS) 228 6.3.16 Mobile biologische Sensoren (MBS) 229 6.3.17 Satellitentechnologie 232 6.3.18 Zusammenfassung der Bewertung nach dem Leistungspositionskatalog 235 6.4 Bewertung anhand komplexer Kriterien 243 6.5 Die Vulnerabilität von Ökosystemen 244 6.6 Kostenvergleich ausgewählter Früherkennungssysteme 246 6.7 Bewertung der betriebs- und finanzwirtschaftlichen Methoden 257 6.8 Wirtschaftlichkeit und beeinflussende Nebenaspekte 258 6.9 Die Anwendung von Analysemethoden 261 7 Diskussion 263 7.1 Grundlagen und Methoden der Waldbrandfrüherkennung 263 7.2 Die Komplexität der Findung eines geeigneten Früherkennungssystems 276 7.3 Der Kostenvergleich von Früherkennungssystemen 276 7.4 Allgemeine Wirtschaftlichkeit 278 7.5 Technische Wirtschaftlichkeit 278 7.6 Finanz- und betriebswirtschaftliche Methoden 279 8 Schlussfolgerungen 280 8.1 Lehre zur Bedeutung von Wald- und Vegetationsgebieten 280 8.2 Prävention und Aufklärung 281 8.3 Schutzbedarf feuerunabhängiger Ökosysteme 282 8.4 Notwendigkeit des Einsatzes von Früherkennungssystemen 282 8.5 Der Einfluss der Empfindlichkeit eines Ökosystems 283 8.6 Technische Weiterentwicklung des Systems Feuerwachturm 284 8.7 Erfüllung funktionaler und nicht-funktionaler Anforderungen 285 8.8 Die Gewährleistung der Umweltsicherheit 286 8.9 Unzulässigkeit der Verwendung von Tieren als Früherkennungssystem 286 8.10 Die Wirtschaftlichkeit von Früherkennungssystemen 287 8.11 Die interdisziplinäre Nutzung zur Senkung von Kosten 288 8.12 Der Leistungspositionskatalog als Werkzeug 288 8.13 Orbitaler Systemverbund für den globalen Umweltschutz 289 8.14 Minimierung von Fehlalarmen durch Zwei-Linien-Abhängigkeit 290 8.15 Kombination unterschiedlicher Methoden zum Erhalt eines Idealsystems 291 8.16 Örtliche Bedingungen bestimmen das Früherkennungssystem 292 9 Zusammenfassung 293 10 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis (numerisch) 296 11 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis (alphabetisch) 338 Anhang I: Abkürzungsverzeichnis 344 Anhang II: Bilderverzeichnis 348 Anhang III: Tabellenverzeichnis 353 Anhang IV: Index 354

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