Introdução: Os benefícios do emprego do selante de fibrina no reforço de anastomoses pancreatico-jejunais, após ressecção duodenopancreática, visando a redução da incidência de fístula pancreática pós operatória (FPPO), ainda são questionáveis. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do emprego do selante de fibrina na anastomose pancreatico-jejunal, após duodenopancreatectomia, na incidência de fístula, bem como suas consequências clínicas e os custos hospitalares. Metodologia: Estudo retrospectivo de 62 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a duodenopancreatectomia, divididos em dois grupos: 31 pacientes utilizando o selante de fibrina (GCS) e 31 pacientes sem o emprego de selante (GSS). As variáveis estudadas foram agrupadas em epidemiológicas, clínicas, laboratoriais, com destaque para a incidência de fístula pancreática, classificada segundo a definição do International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula, suas complicações pós operatórias catalogadas segundo a classificação de Clavien e suas repercussões na assistência e nos seus custos avaliados pelo método de absorção com rateio simples de todas as despesas, exceto a despesa com medicamentos, tratada de forma separada. Resultados: Os grupos foram homogêneos para os parâmetros epidemiológicos, clínicos, e laboratoriais e não foram registradas diferenças significativas na comparação da evolução pós operatória e dos indicadores assistenciais hospitalares. Por outro lado, os custos hospitalares foram mais elevados no GCS, em relação ao GSS (p<0,0001). Conclusão: O emprego do selante de fibrina, no reforço da anastomose pancreatico-jejunal, em pacientes submetidos a duodenopancreatectomias, nas condições estudadas, não melhorou os resultados clínicos e assistenciais e ainda aumentou os custos hospitalares. / Introduction: The benefits of fibrin sealant employment in strengthening pancreatico-jejunal anastomosis after duodenopancreatic resection, reducing the incidence of pancreatic fistula postoperative (PFPO) are still questionable. Objective: To evaluate the influence of the use of fibrin sealant in pancreatico-jejunal anastomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy in the incidence of fistula and its clinical consequences and hospital costs. Methodology: A retrospective study of 62 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, divided into two groups: 31 patients using fibrin sealant (GCS) and 31 patients without the sealant employment (GSS). The variables were grouped into epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, especially the incidence of pancreatic fistula classified as defined by the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula, their postoperative complications cataloged according to Clavien rating and its repercussions on care and its costs assessed by the absorption method with simple apportionment of all expenses except the expenditure on medicines, treated separately. Results: The groups were homogeneous for clinical, epidemiological and laboratory parameters and no significant differences were recorded in the comparison given postoperative progress and hospital assistance indicators. Moreover, hospital costs were higher in GCS, with respect to GSS (p <0.0001). Conclusion: The use of fibrin sealant in pancreatojejunal anastomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy, in the studied conditions, did not improve the results of care and also increased hospital costs

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a prevalência de fístula após cirurgia de palato em indivíduos com fissura transforame incisivo unilateral (FTIU) e verificar a localização e associação entre a prevalência dessas fístulas com possíveis fatores causais. Foi realizada análise retrospectiva em prontuários e fotografias pertencentes a 589 indivíduos matriculados no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP), que foram submetidos à palatoplastia com idades entre 12 e 36 meses, por meio da técnica de von Langenbeck , em tempo único, pela equipe de cirurgiões plásticos, no período de janeiro de 2003 na julho de 2007. A amplitude da fissura foi classificada em estreita (E), regular (R) e ampla (A), visualmente, por meio de fotografias iniciais pré-cirúrgicas. Para a localização das fístulas foram consideradas as regiões: palato anterior, região média do palato, área de transição (junção entre palato duro e mole) e palato mole. A prevalência de fístula foi de 27%, com um maior número de fístulas localizadas na região do palato anterior (37,11%). O teste estatístico Qui-Quadrado (2) demonstrou associação estatística significativa (p0,05) entre a presença de fístula e a amplitude inicial da fissura (p=0,0003), habilidade do cirurgião (p=0,019), intercorrências transcirúrgicas (p=0,0037) e pós-cirúrgicas mediatas (0,000002). Em vista dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a alta prevalência de fístula encontrada neste estudo evidencia a necessidade de revisão dos procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados para uma possível adequação de protocolo e principalmente padronização da documentação. Desta forma contribui-se para redução de custos e melhora na qualidade do tratamento, uma vez que essas fístulas interferem na reabilitação dos pacientes, causando prejuízos funcionais relacionados à fala, deglutição e audição, bem como exigem a repetição dos procedimentos cirúrgicos que podem causar seqüelas no crescimento maxilofacial. / This study evaluated the prevalence of fistula after palate repair in individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and analyzed the location and association between the prevalence of these fistulas and possible causal factors. The prevalence of palatal fistula was retrospectively analyzed in records of 589 individuals registered at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC-USP), who were submitted to palate repair at the age of 12 to 36 months by the von Langenbeck technique in a single stage by the plastic surgery team of the hospital, during the period January 2003 to July 2007. The study comprised analysis of patient records and photographs from the files of HRAC-USP and data were collected in a form designed for this study. The cleft width was visually classified as Narrow (N), Regular (R) and Wide (W) on the initial preoperative photographs. The following regions were considered for the location of fistulas: anterior region of the palate, medium region of the palate, transition area (between hard and soft palate) and soft palate. The prevalence of fistula was 27%, with greater number of fistulas at the anterior region of the palate (37.11%). The chi-square statistical test (2) demonstrated statistically significant association (p0.05) between the presence of fistula and the initial cleft width (p=0.0003), surgeon skill (p=0.019), transoperative problems (p=0.0037) and postoperative problems (p=0.00002). Considering these results, the high prevalence of fistula found in this study evidences the need to revise the surgical procedures to allow the adequacy of protocols and especially standardize the records. This may contribute to reduce the costs and improve the quality of treatment, because these fistulas interfere with the rehabilitation of patients, causing functional damages related to speech, swallowing and hearing, and require repetition of surgical procedures that may cause sequels to maxillofacial growth.

Dans le cas d'une tumeur pancréatique, la chirurgie d'exérèse est le traitement de première intention lorsqu'elle est possible. Les pancréatectomies sont des actes à haut risque, entraînant un taux de morbidité de 50%. L'une des complications les plus graves est l'apparition de fistules pancréatiques (FP) qui surviennent dans 15 à 20 % des cas, pour lesquelles il n'existe aucune solution de prévention. Cette thèse porte sur l'élaboration d'un biomatériau pour la prévention des FP. Le cahier des charges, défini avec l'équipe chirurgicale, nous a orienté vers un dispositif médical sous forme de pansement absorbant, présentant des propriétés mécaniques adaptées, ainsi qu'une résistance aux enzymes pancréatiques serait intéressant. Un biomatériau constitué de deux couches a été imaginé : 1) une matrice absorbante constituée d'un complexe polyélectrolyte (PEC) sous forme de film, 2) une couche supérieure imperméable permettant de limiter la diffusion des enzymes pancréatiques dans le milieu péritonéal ; afin de répondre aux spécifications demandées par l'équipe médicale. La première partie de ce travail a porté sur l'optimisation de la mise en forme de la matrice sous forme de film à partir de PEC d'alginate (ALG) et de chitosane (CHI) présentant différents ratio de polymères (ALG-CHI 50/50 et ALG-CHI 63/37). L'influence de la technique d'homogénéisation des PEC, sous ultra-turrax (UT) ou au Stephan (ST) a été étudiée sur les propriétés physico-chimiques des films obtenus. Les propriétés de biodégradation, de gonflement et de cytotoxicité sont principalement influencées par le ratio des polymères. En revanche, leurs structure et propriétés mécaniques sont essentiellement influencées par la technique d'homogénéisation utilisée lors de l'élaboration du PEC. Au vu de ces résultats, le choix de la matrice au contact de l'anastomose ou de la tranche pancréatique s'est arrêté sur le PEC ALG-CHI 63/37 UT. La deuxième partie de cette thèse a été consacrée à l'incorporation d'une couche imperméable à la surface supérieure du film. Deux polymères ont été testés : l'acide polylactique (PLA) et le polycaprolactone (PCL). Ils ont été incorporés après fonctionnalisation de la surface du film. La matrice ALG-CHI 63/37 UT recouverte de PLA présente une surface plus hydrophobe, des propriétés mécaniques adaptées, une bonne résistance aux enzymes pancréatiques tout en possédant des propriétés de gonflement intéressantes. Le biomatériau ainsi obtenu est un bon candidat qui répond au cahier des charges d'un pansement indiqué pour la prévention des fistules pancréatiques. / Resection surgery is the first-line treatment indicated for pancreatic tumor. The morbidity of this surgery is high with a complication rate around 50%. One of the most serious complications is the occurrence of pancreatic fistula (PF), which occurs in 15-20% of cases. To date, no biomaterial available on the market is indicated for the prevention of the onset of PF following pancreatectomy. This project focuses on the development of a biomaterial for the prevention of PF. Specifications identified by the surgical team oriented us to ward an absorbent dressing with sufficient mechanical properties and pancreatic enzymes resistance. A biomaterial made up of two layers was designed: 1) an absorbent matrix, in the form of a film, constituted by a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC), 2) an impermeable backing layer expected to limit the diffusion of the pancreatic enzymes into the peritoneal medium; to meet surgeons' specifications. The first part of this work focused on the optimization of the preparation of the matrix, composed of alginate (ALG) and chitosan (CHI) PECs films with different polymer ratios (ALG-CHI 50/50and ALG-CHI 63/37). The influence of the technique of homogenization of PEC, ultra-turrax (UT) or Stephan (ST) was studied on the physicochemical properties of the films. Biodegradation, swelling and cytotoxicity were shown to be mainly influenced by the ratio of polymers used. On the other hand, structure and mechanical properties are mainly influenced by the homogenization technique. With these results, the choice of the matrix to pancreatic application was set as the PEC ALG-CHI 63/37 UT. The second part of the present work was devoted to the incorporation of an impermeable backing layer on the upper film surface. Two polymers were evaluated: polylactic acid (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). They were incorporated after the functionalization of the film surface. The PLA-coated ALG-CHI 63/37 UT matrix led to more hydrophobic surfaces, as well as adaptated mechanical properties and resistance to pancreatic enzymes with interesting swelling properties. The obtained biomaterial is a promising candidate responding to the specifications for a dressing indicated for the prevention of PF.

BACKGROUND: Obstetric fistula (OF) is described as a health and human rights tragedy due to its devastating consequences and debilitating sequelae. In sub-Saharan Africa, the lifetime prevalence of OF symptoms is estimated at 3.0 cases (95% CI 1.3-5.5) per 1000 women of reproductive age. In Guinea, this prevalence is 6·0 (95% CI 3·9–7·4) per 1000 women of reproductive age, a double that of sub-Saharan Africa. As maternal mortality reduction is accelerating in many countries due to better access to cesarean section and more women are benefiting treatment for OF worldwide, women who have a successful fistula repair need more attention to prevent fistula recurrence and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.AIM: To analyze the long-term reproductive health outcomes in women who undergo fistula surgery in Guinea and contribute to closing the knowledge gap on the reproductive health of women after fistula surgery.METHODS: The situational analysis of fistula management programs in Guinea included three retrospective cohort studies. Study I analyzed the clinical outcomes of fistula care programs in Guinea. Study II analyzed the trends and factors associated with loss to follow-up after surgical repair of obstetric fistula in Guinea. Study III estimated the overall proportions of surgical failure of fistula closure and incontinence among women undergoing repair for obstetric fistula in Guinea and identified factors associated with these outcomes. To analyze the health and reproductive outcomes in women after female genital fistula surgery in Guinea, two studies (IV and V) were conducted. Study IV critically reviewed the existing literature on pregnancy and childbirth post repair of obstetric fistula and Study V analyzed the incidence of fistula recurrence and pregnancy post repair along with the associated maternal and neonatal outcomes. RESULTS: Routine programmatic repair of OF was found to achieve satisfactory short-term clinical outcomes with 85% of women having their fistula closed and 79% becoming continent after surgery (Study I). However, additional 18% recurrence and 10% residual urinary incontinence were recorded within 28 months median follow-up post-surgery (Study V). Reimbursement of transportation costs and the reduction of geographical barriers to care for women with OF were highly related to reduced loss to follow-up after hospital discharge (Study II). Women who present for surgery with a damaged urethra and those who delivered vaginally during the delivery leading to the fistula were more likely to experience surgical repair failure and residual urinary incontinence (Study III). Women who become pregnant and deliver after fistula repair in sub-Saharan Africa were identified as carrying high risk of adverse maternal and neonatal health outcomes (Study IV). In Guinea, only few women achieved pregnancy (28%) after surgery. Stillbirths (24%) and recurrence of fistula after delivery (14%) were common among women who delivered after fistula repair (Study V). CONCLUSIONS: Improving the performance of fistula management programs in the context of decentralization of services in Guinea needs therefore to integrate long-term perspectives. This should include establishing a “level of care framework” into fistula surgery along with training for health providers, tracing of women after repair, and increased community awareness-raising that include men and target gender inequalities (Studies I to III). Increasing funding and support for fistula care from both local governments and international donors is needed in the current context of decentralization of fistula care to address service gaps for women suffering from fistula (Studies III to V). Achieving a fistula free generation should include interventions to address women’s vulnerability before fistula formation and after fistula repair (Studies IV and V). / Doctorat en Sciences de la santé Publique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Introdução: Os benefícios do emprego do selante de fibrina no reforço de anastomoses pancreatico-jejunais, após ressecção duodenopancreática, visando a redução da incidência de fístula pancreática pós operatória (FPPO), ainda são questionáveis. Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do emprego do selante de fibrina na anastomose pancreatico-jejunal, após duodenopancreatectomia, na incidência de fístula, bem como suas consequências clínicas e os custos hospitalares. Metodologia: Estudo retrospectivo de 62 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a duodenopancreatectomia, divididos em dois grupos: 31 pacientes utilizando o selante de fibrina (GCS) e 31 pacientes sem o emprego de selante (GSS). As variáveis estudadas foram agrupadas em epidemiológicas, clínicas, laboratoriais, com destaque para a incidência de fístula pancreática, classificada segundo a definição do International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula, suas complicações pós operatórias catalogadas segundo a classificação de Clavien e suas repercussões na assistência e nos seus custos avaliados pelo método de absorção com rateio simples de todas as despesas, exceto a despesa com medicamentos, tratada de forma separada. Resultados: Os grupos foram homogêneos para os parâmetros epidemiológicos, clínicos, e laboratoriais e não foram registradas diferenças significativas na comparação da evolução pós operatória e dos indicadores assistenciais hospitalares. Por outro lado, os custos hospitalares foram mais elevados no GCS, em relação ao GSS (p<0,0001). Conclusão: O emprego do selante de fibrina, no reforço da anastomose pancreatico-jejunal, em pacientes submetidos a duodenopancreatectomias, nas condições estudadas, não melhorou os resultados clínicos e assistenciais e ainda aumentou os custos hospitalares. / Introduction: The benefits of fibrin sealant employment in strengthening pancreatico-jejunal anastomosis after duodenopancreatic resection, reducing the incidence of pancreatic fistula postoperative (PFPO) are still questionable. Objective: To evaluate the influence of the use of fibrin sealant in pancreatico-jejunal anastomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy in the incidence of fistula and its clinical consequences and hospital costs. Methodology: A retrospective study of 62 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, divided into two groups: 31 patients using fibrin sealant (GCS) and 31 patients without the sealant employment (GSS). The variables were grouped into epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, especially the incidence of pancreatic fistula classified as defined by the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula, their postoperative complications cataloged according to Clavien rating and its repercussions on care and its costs assessed by the absorption method with simple apportionment of all expenses except the expenditure on medicines, treated separately. Results: The groups were homogeneous for clinical, epidemiological and laboratory parameters and no significant differences were recorded in the comparison given postoperative progress and hospital assistance indicators. Moreover, hospital costs were higher in GCS, with respect to GSS (p <0.0001). Conclusion: The use of fibrin sealant in pancreatojejunal anastomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy, in the studied conditions, did not improve the results of care and also increased hospital costs

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is preventable and reversible in the early stages with upstream strategies; however, the number of individuals diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is increasing annually. Although researchers have documented the physiological and psychological stressors associated with hemodialysis (HD), little is known about the effects of in-center HD on the recipients in DeKalb County, Georgia. This study described the experiences of 10 African American HD patients who dialyze in DeKalb County. Using a phenomenological approach, the interviews were transcribed and then analyzed for significant quotes and recurrent themes relevant to receiving HD in DeKalb County. The health belief model was used to identify the perceptions and susceptibilities that formed the lived experiences of the participants. Results showed that 70% of the patients had been diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes and that 50% had never heard of ESRD prior to diagnosis. All 10 patients reported never knowing that hypertension and/or diabetes was a major cause of ESRD. The study sought to find common themes related to the perceived threat of ESRD by the participants. This study can be used to implement positive social change by instituting upstream strategies to decrease the prevalence of ESRD or slow the progression of CKD in this population, heightening awareness of this disease in minority communities, and implementing a sustainable health behavior plan to decrease the prevalence of the disease.

A remote control sampling technique was developed for the collection of oesophageal fistula samples from goats. Number and size of samples can be varied and collected throughout the day without disturbing the animal's normal feeding behaviour. The equipment developed and tested in this study consists of an oesophageal fistula valve which allows the fistula to be opened and closed, a rechargeable battery pack and motor to operate the valve, a portable radio and receiver to activate the valve motor, and a harness to attach the equipment to the body of the animal In addition, a closing device to effectively seal large oesophageal fistulae (> 1 050 mm²), which in turn is required to accommodate the valve, was developed. During field tests with the fistula valve, 10 % of I 027 sampling attempts failed due to blockage of the valve, and an average of 1.3 incidences of equipment failure were recorded per animal per sampling day, from an average of 9.9 extrusa collections per day. Observed feeding behaviour (grazing/browsing) as well as grass / bush ratio of fistula valve and standard fistula bag samples of four goats, formed the basis for the evaluation of this technique. In addition, extrusa recovery rates, measured under controlled conditions, were used in the evaluation of this sampling method Differences in extrusa composition between the fistula valve and fistula bag techniques varied substantially during the browsing period within a camp and also between camps. Furthermore, during high frequencies of observed grazing, there were large differences between the fistula valve and fistula bag methods. During this study, the fistula valve technique provided a more realistic estimate (R²=.91) of the observed feeding behaviour of goats than the fistula bag technique (R²=.63). Under controlled conditions, the large oesophageal fistula, with or without the valve, enables high and consistent extrusa recovery rates (87 % recovery; SD 7.5). / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1993.

In my study I was examining the influence of the probiotic Bifidobacterium sp. on the functional status of the cattle´s rumen. Two adult cows Aberdeen-angus were used in this experiment. They were treated with a permanent cannula, which served for daily dosing of probiotics Bifidobacterium sp.. Samples of rumen fluid were analyzed for the amount of volatile fatty acids, protozoans, pH and the quantity of ammonia. When we tested the effect of the probiotics on each variable, the fixed effect of the influence of an individual has not been proved. When we tested the data without the effect of the individual in a linear model, the variables best describing my data were the butyric and acetic acids. The amount of protozoans increased as there levels grew. There is a strong effect of the individual as only two individuals were used. My results indicate that the influence of the probiotics Bifidobacterium sp., on the functional status of the rumen is low. These results could be affected by the low number of experiment-replication as well as by small quantity of tested animals.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-26T13:15:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTACAO FINAL 29 02 2016 Helen Fuzari.pdf: 2981109 bytes, checksum: 66f689cea951c214857d7d0060de89cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T13:15:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTACAO FINAL 29 02 2016 Helen Fuzari.pdf: 2981109 bytes, checksum: 66f689cea951c214857d7d0060de89cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-16 / CAPEs / A vibração de corpo inteiro (VCI) é uma forma de treinamento utilizada em diversas populações e tem apresentado diversos benefícios sobre a força muscular e capacidade funcional. No entanto, os efeitos de um treino de VCI em pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) ainda não foi desenvolvido. A DRC tem contribuído para a fraqueza musculoesquelética especialmente nos pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise (HD), levando ao sedentarismo e a intolerância ao exercício, contribuindo assim para o quadro de sarcopenia. Programas de exercício físico têm sido propostos para esta população, embora nem sempre com boa adesão, quer pela presença de comorbidades associada ou ainda a sobrecarga que o exercício impõe. Diante desse contexto a presente dissertação teve por objetivo avaliar a eficácia de um programa de treinamento com VCI em DRC sob HD no período interdialítico sobre a força muscular, equilíbrio, qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional através de um ensaio clínico (registro no clinical trials NCT02413073), no artigo original. Artigo 1: Esse estudo foi composto de 2 grupos, um VCI (8 pacientes) e outro Sham (8 pacientes), treinados durante 3 meses, duas vezes por semana em dias alternados a HD, havendo 1 perda. O grupo VCI melhorou a força muscular (VCI 357,72 ± 90,09N; Sham 240,46 ± 68N; p≤ 0,010) e a distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6min) (VCI 550,75 ± 54,58m; Sham 479,63 ± 68,53m; p≤0,038). O presente estudo constatou melhora da força muscular de extensores de joelho e da distância percorrida após um programa de VCI de 12 semanas para indivíduos com DRC submetidos a HD desenvolvido no período interdialítico. Artigo 2: A revisão sistemática teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia dos exercícios de membro superior no processo de maturação da fístula arteriovenosa (FAV) (registrada no PROSPERO CRD42015024524). Foram acessadas as bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Scielo, Central e PEDro no período de fevereiro a agosto de 2015, através dos descritores “kidney disease”, “Chronic Renal Insufficiency”, “hemodialysis”, “exercise” and “arteriousvenous fistule”. Foram incluídos estudos com pacientes com DRC no estágio 5, maiores de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, sob intervenção de exercícios de membro superior homolateral a FAV. Os principais desfechos foram o aumento do diâmetro da veia e taxa de fluxo sanguíneo relacionados à maturação da FAV. Devido as características dos artigos (pequeno número de pacientes envolvidos nos estudos e a ausência de cegamento e alocação), foram incluídos apenas três artigos envolvendo 94 participantes. Para o desfecho diâmetro da veia foi encontrada diferença de média de 0,36 (-0.95 a 1.67) e para o desfecho taxa de fluxo sanguíneo a diferença de média de 107.87 (-3,90 a 219,64). A partir desses resultados, não é possível recomendar os exercícios de membro superior homolateral a FAV, dada a falta de evidência em comprovar a sua eficácia. Conclui-se que outros estudos com maior rigor metodológico possam ser desenvolvidos a fim de verificar a existência de eficácia dos exercícios no processo de maturação da FAV nesses pacientes. / The whole body vibration (WBV) is a form of training used in diverse populations and has brought many benefits on muscle strength and functional capacity. However, the effects of WBV training in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has not yet been developed. The DRC has contributed to the musculoskeletal weakness especially in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), leading a sedentary lifestyle and exercise intolerance, thereby contributing to sarcopenia frame. Exercise programs have been proposed for this population, though not always with good adhesion, or by the presence of associated comorbidities or overload that exercise requires. In this context, the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program with WBV in CKD in HD on interdialytic period on muscle strength, balance, quality of life and functional capacity through a clinical trial (registration in clinical trials NCT02413073) in the original article. This study consisted of 2 groups, one WBV (8 patients) and another Sham (8 patients), trained for 3 months, twice a week on alternate days HD having 1 loss. The WBV group improved muscle strength (WBV 357.72 ± 90,09N; Sham 240.46 ± 68N; p ≤ 0.010) and the distance covered in a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) (WBV 550.75 ± 54, 58m; Sham 479.63 ± 68,53m; p≤0,038). This study found improvement in muscle strength of knee extensors and distance after a 12-week program for individuals with CKD undergoing HD developed in interdialytic period. The systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of upper limb exercises in the maturation process of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) (recorded in PROSPERO CRD42015024524). Databases were accessed MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Scielo, Central and PEDro in the period from February to August 2015, using the keywords "kidney disease", "Renal Chronic Insufficiency", "hemodialysis" "exercise" and "arteriousvenous fistule". They included studies of patients with CKD stage 5, 18 years, of both sexes, under intervention upper limb exercises ipsilateral AVF. The main outcome measures were the increase in the diameter of the vein and blood flow rate related to the maturation of the AVF. Because the characteristics of items (small number of patients involved in the studies and the lack of blinding and allocation) were included only three items involving 94 participants. For the outcome of vein diameter was found mean difference of 0.36 (-0.95 to 1.67) and the blood flow rate outcome average difference of 107.87 (219.64 to -3.90). From these results, it is not possible to recommend the upper limb exercises ipsilateral AVF, given the lack of evidence to prove their effectiveness. We conclude that further studies with greater methodological rigor can be developed in order to check for effectiveness of exercise in AVF maturation process in these patients.

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a prevalência de fístula após cirurgia de palato em indivíduos com fissura transforame incisivo unilateral (FTIU) e verificar a localização e associação entre a prevalência dessas fístulas com possíveis fatores causais. Foi realizada análise retrospectiva em prontuários e fotografias pertencentes a 589 indivíduos matriculados no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais da Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC-USP), que foram submetidos à palatoplastia com idades entre 12 e 36 meses, por meio da técnica de von Langenbeck , em tempo único, pela equipe de cirurgiões plásticos, no período de janeiro de 2003 na julho de 2007. A amplitude da fissura foi classificada em estreita (E), regular (R) e ampla (A), visualmente, por meio de fotografias iniciais pré-cirúrgicas. Para a localização das fístulas foram consideradas as regiões: palato anterior, região média do palato, área de transição (junção entre palato duro e mole) e palato mole. A prevalência de fístula foi de 27%, com um maior número de fístulas localizadas na região do palato anterior (37,11%). O teste estatístico Qui-Quadrado (2) demonstrou associação estatística significativa (p0,05) entre a presença de fístula e a amplitude inicial da fissura (p=0,0003), habilidade do cirurgião (p=0,019), intercorrências transcirúrgicas (p=0,0037) e pós-cirúrgicas mediatas (0,000002). Em vista dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que a alta prevalência de fístula encontrada neste estudo evidencia a necessidade de revisão dos procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados para uma possível adequação de protocolo e principalmente padronização da documentação. Desta forma contribui-se para redução de custos e melhora na qualidade do tratamento, uma vez que essas fístulas interferem na reabilitação dos pacientes, causando prejuízos funcionais relacionados à fala, deglutição e audição, bem como exigem a repetição dos procedimentos cirúrgicos que podem causar seqüelas no crescimento maxilofacial. / This study evaluated the prevalence of fistula after palate repair in individuals with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate and analyzed the location and association between the prevalence of these fistulas and possible causal factors. The prevalence of palatal fistula was retrospectively analyzed in records of 589 individuals registered at the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC-USP), who were submitted to palate repair at the age of 12 to 36 months by the von Langenbeck technique in a single stage by the plastic surgery team of the hospital, during the period January 2003 to July 2007. The study comprised analysis of patient records and photographs from the files of HRAC-USP and data were collected in a form designed for this study. The cleft width was visually classified as Narrow (N), Regular (R) and Wide (W) on the initial preoperative photographs. The following regions were considered for the location of fistulas: anterior region of the palate, medium region of the palate, transition area (between hard and soft palate) and soft palate. The prevalence of fistula was 27%, with greater number of fistulas at the anterior region of the palate (37.11%). The chi-square statistical test (2) demonstrated statistically significant association (p0.05) between the presence of fistula and the initial cleft width (p=0.0003), surgeon skill (p=0.019), transoperative problems (p=0.0037) and postoperative problems (p=0.00002). Considering these results, the high prevalence of fistula found in this study evidences the need to revise the surgical procedures to allow the adequacy of protocols and especially standardize the records. This may contribute to reduce the costs and improve the quality of treatment, because these fistulas interfere with the rehabilitation of patients, causing functional damages related to speech, swallowing and hearing, and require repetition of surgical procedures that may cause sequels to maxillofacial growth.