In Reverse Engineering a physical object is digitally reconstructed from a set of boundary points. In the segmentation phase these points are grouped into subsets to facilitate consecutive steps as surface fitting. In this thesis we present a segmentation method with subsequent classification of simple algebraic surfaces. Our method is direct in the sense that it operates directly on the point set in contrast to other approaches that are based on a triangulation of the data set. The reconstruction process involves a fast algorithm for $k$-nearest neighbors search and an estimation of first and second order surface properties. The first order segmentation, that is based on normal vectors, provides an initial subdivision of the surface and detects sharp edges as well as flat or highly curved areas. One of the main features of our method is to proceed by alternating the steps of segmentation and normal vector estimation. The second order segmentation subdivides the surface according to principal curvatures and provides a sufficient foundation for the classification of simple algebraic surfaces. If the boundary of the original object contains such surfaces the segmentation is optimized based on the result of a surface fitting procedure. / Im Reverse Engineering wird ein existierendes Objekt aus einer Menge von Oberflächenpunkten digital rekonstruiert. Während der Segmentierungsphase werden diese Punkte in Teilmengen zusammengefügt, um die nachfolgenden Schritte wie Flächenerkennung (surface fitting) zu vereinfachen. Wir präsentieren in dieser Arbeit eine Methode zur Segmentierung der Punkte und die anschließende Klassifikation einfacher algebraischen Flächen. Unser Verfahren ist direkt in dem Sinne, dass es direkt an den Punkten arbeitet, im Gegensatz zu anderen Verfahren, die auf einer Triangulierung der Punktmenge basieren. Der Rekonstruktionsprozess schließt einen neuen Algorithmus zur Berechnung der k-nächsten Nachbarn eines Oberflächenpunktes und Verfahren zur Schätzung der Flächeneigenschaften ersten und zweiten Grades ein. Die normalenbasierte Segmentierung (Segmentierung ersten Grades) liefert eine Aufteilung des Objektes und detekiert scharfe Kanten, sowie flache oder stark gekrümmte Gebiete des Objektes. Ein zentrales Element unserer Methode ist die Wiederholung der Schritte der Segmentierung und der Schätzung der Normalen. Erst die Iteration ermöglicht die Schätzung der Normalen in der benötigten Genauigkeit und die Generierung einer zufriedenstellender Segmentierung. Die Segmentierung zweiten Grades teilt die Oberfläche nach den Hauptkrümmungen auf und bietet eine zuverlässige Grundlage für die Klassifizierung einfacher algebraischen Flächen. Falls der Rand des Ausgangsobjektes solche Flächen enthält, wird der Segmentierungsprozess auf der Grundlage des Ergebnisses der Flächenerkennungsprozedur optimiert.

Belonging is a fundamental human need and this need is universal (Baumeister & Leary, 1995). How a student perceives their own belonging within a school and classroom can be predictive of their future engagement, motivation, achievement, and success of their interpersonal relationships. Students who feel connected are found to be less likely to engage in risky behaviours, be absent from school, or drop out of school entirely (Nichols, 2006; Anderman, 2003). Recent research on belonging has sought to examine the relationship between belonging and its outcomes on student behaviour (Anderman, 2003; Clegg, 2006; Goodenow, 1993; Ma, 2003; Osterman, 2000). There is an increasing need for belonging research to examine the development and incidence of belonging in children at school (Johnson, 2009; Osterman, 2000). This study has three research questions: a) What are students’ experiences with belonging in the school? b) What are teachers’ perceptions of students’ belonging in the school? c) How do the students’ experiences and teachers’ perceptions of student belonging in the school compare? The comparison of teachers’ and students’ responses will provide more information as to whether the students’ experiences and teachers’ perceptions of student belonging are aligned or if they are disparate. This data will make it possible to begin to target specific belonging factors in school programs and teacher practices. / Thesis (Master, Education) -- Queen's University, 2012-04-24 11:48:13.315

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In Lithuania there is a widespread opinion that the best time for applying prosthesis for lower extremity is, on average, six months after the amputation. However, in many countries the process of preparation for prosthetics begins immediately after leaving the surgical department. The aim of this work was to estimate the effect of health returnable on mobility of the patients after the lower extremity amputation in the primary stage of prosthetics. The patients whom the early physiotherapy program after the amputation was applied, were compared with the patients who came back to hospital for prosthetic after 8,5 months after trans-tibial amputation without the health returnable treatment. The muscle force of the amputated lower extremity and the knee and hip joint motion range were measured for both groups of the patients before and after the primary prosthetics stage. The patients balance and mobility were estimated using the “Functional reaching” and “Get up and go” tests. The patients who came for prosthetics, on the average, after 8,6 months had lower range of knee and hip joint extension, a weaker force of calf and thigh extension, abduction. The worse results were obtained in performing the “Get up and go” test, which requires the ADL: to stand up, to turn, to go, and to sit down on the chair. The muscle force, the range of motion, balance and motor abilities reliably improved in both groups after the primary prosthetics. However, the patients who underwent the health... [to full text]

Most models of the musculoskeletal system incorporate individual or groups of muscles as a series of line segments, assuming all fiber bundles within a muscle have the same length and moment arm, and do not account for architectural differences throughout the muscle volume. The purpose was to develop an algorithm to fit digitized fiber bundle data from one specimen into muscle volume and intramuscular nerve distribution data from seven other specimens of extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis (ECRB). Coherent Point Drift (CPD) algorithm was successfully adapted for this purpose. The intramuscular nerve distribution and fiber bundle architecture was modeled in all the muscle volumes. ECRL was found to have two neuromuscular compartments, superficial and deep, while ECRB was found to have two, three or four, in a proximal to distal direction depending on the number of primary nerve branches.

Most models of the musculoskeletal system incorporate individual or groups of muscles as a series of line segments, assuming all fiber bundles within a muscle have the same length and moment arm, and do not account for architectural differences throughout the muscle volume. The purpose was to develop an algorithm to fit digitized fiber bundle data from one specimen into muscle volume and intramuscular nerve distribution data from seven other specimens of extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and brevis (ECRB). Coherent Point Drift (CPD) algorithm was successfully adapted for this purpose. The intramuscular nerve distribution and fiber bundle architecture was modeled in all the muscle volumes. ECRL was found to have two neuromuscular compartments, superficial and deep, while ECRB was found to have two, three or four, in a proximal to distal direction depending on the number of primary nerve branches.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, August, 2000. / Title from PDF t.p.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. [59]-61).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-135).

Cette approche multidisciplinaire, basée sur le champ conceptuel de la géographie psychosociologique du tourisme, empreinte une démarche méthodologique qualitative. Le Système d’Analyse Multiniveau de l’Appropriation Spatiale Touristique (SAMAST) que j’ai développé utilise trois enquêtes, basées sur les perceptions et usages spatiaux, afin de mettre en évidence les formes d’appropriation. Celui-ci fait apparaître des niveaux d’appropriation différents selon les échelles du tourisme (du global au fin).Avant le départ, le choix de la destination et des activités touristiques est fortement influencé par l’image perçue des futurs visiteurs. La prise de décision et d’information, notamment par le biais des guides touristiques et des TIC, constitue une forme de préappropiation touristique de l’espace. Cette dernière s’oriente vers l’autonomie et l’altérité des individus, car elle comprend la réservation d’activité et de lieux touristiques, propre au projet de voyage. Une fois sur place, le touriste s’approprie l’espace d’accueil par ses usages de consommation, de mobilité et de changement d’habiter. Le touriste privatise temporairement les lieux, comme les espaces de production et d’hébergement touristiques et y laisse des marques. Enfin, au retour du séjour, la désappropriation de l’espace s’effectue par le partage du vécu, des souvenirs et des expériences de voyage. Par la transmission et la diffusion d’avis et d’informations sur les espaces visités, l’individu influence le choix et participe à la préappropriation de l’espace potentiellement convoité par autrui. Cette postappropriation interconnectée referme ainsi le cycle (la boucle) de l’appropriation spatiale touristique. / This multidisciplinary approach, based on the conceptual field of psycho-geography of tourism, marked a qualitative methodological approach. The latter focuses on participant observation and interviews with tourists, professionals and the local population, shows different levels of ownership in the scale of tourism (from the global to the end). The Multilevel Analysis System of Appropriation Space ownership (MASASO) uses three surveys, based on the perceptions and uses space to highlight the forms of appropriation. Before departure, the choice of destination and tourism is heavily influenced by the perceived future visitors’ picture. Decision making and information, including through guidebooks and Technologies of Information and Communication, is a form of tourism preappropiation space. The latter is oriented toward self and otherness of individuals, because it includes the booking of activities and sights, specific travel plans. Once there, the tourist appropriates the host by its uses consumer space, mobility and change of living. Tourists temporarily privatize places such as production areas and tourist accommodation, and leaves marks. These forms of ownership are helping to change the scene and the perceived tourist, by improving knowledge of haunts picture. Finally, the return of the stay, the dispossession of the space is by sharing experiences, memories and travel experiences. For the transmission and dissemination of advice and information on areas visited, the individual influences the choice and helps to preappropriation of potentially space coveted by others. This interconnected postappropriation closes the cycle (loop) of the tourism spatial appropriation.