In this study 170 Swedish University students participated and evaluated themselves on Subjective well-being with affect balance measured both in frequency and in intensity, and on the five-factor personality factors. The results clearly indicate that intense positive emotions and intense negative emotions correlate positively, and that women experience emotions more intensely than men. Further, measuring affect balance in frequency leads to gender differences in happiness while intensity affect balance does not. Neuroticism (inverted) and extraversion are both strong predictors of happiness, but when using frequent affect-balance, neuroticism evidently stands out as the better of the two. Extraversion and to some extent neuroticism are intensifying people’s emotions. The findings suggest future research to distinguish between intense and frequent affects when calculating Subjective well-being.

Due to the rapidly development in biomedical industry and the progressive needs in clinical trial, the clinical trial has remarkably increased during the past years. The composition of volunteers is not only included patients but also healthy subjects, which catered for the differences of research design of the trial. Thus, many ethical issues related to clinical trials have gained attention, particularly, the motivations of participating in clinical trials from healthy volunteers are crucial issue. The intention of the study is not only to understand the mainly motivation, perception and personality trait of healthy volunteers, but also to discuss the influence of demographic variables and personality trait on the motivation of volunteers participating clinical trials in Taiwan. This study was a cross-sectional survey research. The study sample included 196 healthy volunteers from three different biomedical clinical trial companies. The self-administered questionnaire contained 15 questions. The internal consistency reliability (£\) for the BFI scale was .789. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc analysis were used to examine the differences of the motivation in different demographic variables. In addition, hierarchical regression analysis was employed to investigate the determinants of different motivation. The results of the study showed most of the healthy volunteers were single male undergraduate students with age 20-24. The types of personality, openness¡Bextraversion and agreeableness, tended to be high tendentiousness. On the other hands, the subjects in neuroticism personality tended to be low tendentiousness. Moreover, the results showed the main motivation of the healthy volunteers is financial rewards, followed by free physical examination and the last is invitation by friends, respectively. According to the results of the study, the relatedness between the motivation of participating clinical trials and different variables showed that the elder subjects considered the free physical examination and promoting scientific and medical development as the mainly motivation, and showed less concern of companion invitation. Also, the subjects with higher education concerned the invitation by companion as less priority. Comparing with students, the waged volunteers showed less consideration of promoting scientific and medical development as motivation. Moreover, the healthy volunteer with average income between 10,000 to 19,999 NT considered mostly free physical examination, promotion of scientific and medical development and curiosity as the main motivation for the trial. The more involved in clinical trial the more consideration of other motivation and less concern of the invitation by companion. Furthermore, the subjects with more agreeableness personality trait tend to be more consideration of promoting scientific and medical development as their mainly motivation. In conclusion, the financial rewards is the priority consideration and shows remarkable influence to the motivation for the healthy volunteers, compared with the risk assessment and the consideration of personal health conditions. Thus, the clinical trials companies should balance between the rewards and health conditions. Particularly, the understandable and fully explanation as well informed consent before any trial implementation are necessary. Moreover, the researcher should be carefully concern about the health condition enrolling volunteers, in order to prevent the volunteer form harm.

<p>In this study 170 Swedish University students participated and evaluated themselves on Subjective well-being with affect balance measured both in frequency and in intensity, and on the five-factor personality factors. The results clearly indicate that intense positive emotions and intense negative emotions correlate positively, and that women experience emotions more intensely than men. Further, measuring affect balance in frequency leads to gender differences in happiness while intensity affect balance does not. Neuroticism (inverted) and extraversion are both strong predictors of happiness, but when using frequent affect-balance, neuroticism evidently stands out as the better of the two. Extraversion and to some extent neuroticism are intensifying people’s emotions. The findings suggest future research to distinguish between intense and frequent affects when calculating Subjective well-being.</p>

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The main topic of this diploma thesis is Motional activity and Personality structure of czech adult population with focus of men. Research examined 40 men from the ages 20 to 60 years. The theoretical part is dealing with personality structure, five-factor model of personality, motional activity of adults and gait. In the research part the motional activity was measured using the pedometer Yamax Digiwalker SW-700. The personality structure was taken with the help of a fivefactor questionaire called NEO personality inventory. The research results confirmed a relationship between the personality trait and volume of motional activity.

In the thesis on the pro-social traits of workers in helping (assistance-providing) professions I dedicate myself to pro-social behavior, empathy and the basic characteristics of personality issuing from the five-factor personality model {--} The Big Five. Most professionals agree that pro-social behavior and empathy belong among the basic characteristics that assistance-providing professionals should have. An important role is also the personality of the care provider. The listed constructs and connections among them however remain the home environment of empirical research and thereby represent the phenomena regarding which there exist few verified findings. The goal of the paper rests in fining the level of empathy and personal dispositions in accordance with the Big Five model that could influence pro-social behavior in selected groups of assistance-giving professionals. The factors in question are neuroticism, extroversion, and openness to experience, graciousness and conscientiousness. Data collection took place with the help of two psychodiagnostic questionnaires. The IRI questionnaire measures level of empathy and the NEO-FFI questionnaire was used for diagnosing the five personality dimensions. The study was quantitative. The monitored set included respondents from three assistance-giving professions {--} nurses, members of the Czech Republic Fire Rescue Corps, and elementary-school teachers. The results confirmed the hypothesis that care providing workers show higher levels of empathy in comparison to the population average, and the hypothesis that these professionals show a higher level of personality traits that, in an interpersonal context, display positive orientation towards others, that is that they are more extroverted and gracious in comparison with the population average, was refuted. These results make it possible to consider that the relationship between the basic personality dimensions and pro-social tendencies may be mediated by the level of empathy with regard to other psychological constructs and the results of social learning. Conclusions cannot be generalized, due to a relatively small sample group. For this purpose it would be interesting to carry out a professional study, which would exceed, in its scope and possibilities, the usual requirements of a thesis paper.

Bien que le travail soit bénéfique et souhaité par une majorité de personnes aux prises avec un trouble mental grave (TMG), les études réalisées auprès de cette clientèle montrent des taux d’emploi d’environ 10 à 20%. Parmi les services visant le retour au travail, les programmes de soutien à l’emploi (PSE) se sont montrés les plus efficaces avec des taux de placement en emploi standard oscillant entre 50 et 60%, sans toutefois garantir le maintien en emploi. Plusieurs études ont tenté de cerner les déterminants de l’obtention et du maintien en emploi chez cette population sans toutefois s’intéresser à la personnalité, et ce, bien qu’elle soit reconnue depuis toujours comme un déterminant important du fonctionnement des individus. De plus, peu de questionnaires d’évaluation de la personnalité selon le modèle de la personnalité en cinq facteurs (FFM) ont été utilisés auprès d’une clientèle avec un TMG et ceux-ci ont montré des propriétés psychométriques ne respectant pas des normes reconnues et acceptées. Cette thèse porte sur les liens entre la personnalité et l’intégration au travail chez les personnes avec un TMG. La première partie vise la validation d’un outil de mesure de la personnalité selon le FFM afin de répondre aux objectifs de la deuxième partie de la thèse. À cet effet, deux échantillons ont été recrutés, soit 259 étudiants universitaires et 141 personnes avec un TMG. Des analyses factorielles confirmatoires ont mené au développement d’un nouveau questionnaire à 15 items (NEO-15) dont les indices d’ajustement, de cohérence interne et de validité convergente respectent les normes établies, ce qui en fait un questionnaire bien adapté à la mesure de la personnalité normale dans des contextes où le temps d’évaluation est limité. La deuxième partie présente les résultats d’une étude réalisée auprès de 82 personnes aux prises avec un TMG inscrites dans un PSE et visant à identifier les facteurs d’obtention et de maintien en emploi chez cette clientèle, particulièrement en ce qui concerne la contribution des éléments normaux et pathologiques de la personnalité. Les résultats de régressions logistiques et de régressions de Cox (analyses de survie) ont démontré que l’historique d’emploi, les symptômes négatifs et le niveau de pathologie de la personnalité étaient prédictifs de l’obtention d’un emploi standard et du délai avant l’obtention d’un tel emploi. Une autre série de régressions de Cox a pour sa part démontré que l’esprit consciencieux était le seul prédicteur significatif du maintien en emploi. Malgré certaines limites, particulièrement des tailles d’échantillons restreintes, ces résultats démontrent la pertinence et l’importance de tenir compte des éléments normaux et pathologiques de la personnalité dans le cadre d’études portant sur l’intégration au travail de personnes avec un TMG. De plus, cette thèse a permis de démontrer l’adéquation d’un nouvel instrument de mesure de la personnalité auprès de cette clientèle. Des avenues futures concernant la réintégration professionnelle et le traitement des personnes avec un TMG sont discutées à la lumière de ces résultats. / Although work is a central component of the recovery of individuals with a severe mental illness (SMI), studies have shown employment rates ranging from 10 to 20% among that population. Among different services aimed at integrating people with a SMI to the labour market, supported employment programs (SEP) are the most effective with 50 to 60% of their participants getting a competitive employment, without however offering job tenure. Several studies have investigated which factors impact job acquisition and tenure among that population but personality has never been considered, although it has been recognized as an important determinant of functioning. Furthermore, few questionnaires aiming at evaluating personality according to the Five-Factor Model of personality (FFM) have been used with a SMI population and those questionnaires have demonstrated psychometric properties that do not satisfy commonly accepted and recognized criteria. This thesis focuses on the link between personality and work integration of people with a SMI. The first part aims at validating a personality questionnaire according to the FFM in order to achieve the objectives of the second part of the thesis. For this purpose, two samples were recruited: one of 259 university students and one of 141 people with a SMI. Confirmatory factor analyses led to the development of a new 15-item questionnaire (NEO-15) presenting with strong fit indices, internal consistency and convergent validity, which makes it well suited to measure normal personality in time-limited settings. The second part of this thesis presents the results of a study conducted with 82 people with a SMI enrolled in a SEP and aiming at investigating which variables predict job acquisition and tenure, with a special focus on normal and pathological personality variables. Results from logistic regressions and Cox regressions (survival analyses) demonstrated that prior employment, negative symptoms and level of pathological personality were predictive of competitive employment acquisition and delay to such acquisition. Additional series of Cox regressions showed that tenure of a competitive job was only predicted by conscientiousness. Although presenting some limits, restricted sample sizes in particular, our results demonstrate the relevance and the importance of considering normal and pathological personality in studies on work outcomes of people with a SMI. Furthermore, this thesis revealed the suitability of a new personality questionnaire to the SMI population. Future directions regarding the work integration and treatment of people with SMI considering these results are discussed.