Thesis (M.Com (Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / This study investigates the impact of capital flight and investment on economic growth in South Africa using time series data from 1986 to 2016. It employs the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure and the Granger causality test as a method of analysis. The empirical findings reveal that the variables are cointegrated which is an indication of the existence of a long run relationship among them. It was further discovered that capital flight had a negative long run relationship with economic growth while investment showed a positive long run relationship with economic growth. The terms of trade and inflation which were added to the model as control variable were also found to have a significantly positive influence on economic growth. The Granger causality indicated a bidirectional relationship between inflation and economic growth, while the terms of trade is found to have a unidirectional relationship with economic growth and capital investment respectively. The results are in line with the neo-classical growth model and the accelerator theory of investment.

Den 1 april 2018 implementerade den svenska regeringen en flygskatt i Sverige med målet att minska den svenska flygindustrins utsläpp i atmosfären. Med hjälp av nationalekonomisk mikroteori, tidigare studier, statistik, egna beräkningar och jämförelser baserade på sekundärdata, analyserar uppsatsen den svenska flygskattens måluppfyllelse, kostnadseffektivitet och incitament till teknologisk utveckling. Uppsatsen når slutsatsen att den nuvarande utformningen av den svenska flygskatten inte uppfyller kraven för de styrmedel som främjar kostnadseffektivitet, inte ger några ytterligare incitament till teknologisk utveckling utöver EU-ETS handelssystem med utsläppsrätter samt missar klimatmålen på både nationell och internationell nivå. / On the 1st of April 2018, the Swedish government implemented a flight tax in Sweden with the goal of reducing the Swedish aviation industries atmospheric emissions. With the help of the theory of microeconomics, earlier studies, statistics, calculations, and comparisons based on secondary data, the essay analyzes the Swedish flight tax with regards to its achievement of the environmental objectives, cost-efficiency and, incentives to technological development. The essay reaches the conclusion that the current design of Swedish flight tax does not achieve the requirements of cost-efficient regulations, does not promote further incentives to technological development beyond the already established European Union Emission Trading System and does not meet the environmental objectives nationally nor internationally.

Background: Flying is a mode of travel used mainly by the wealthier part of the planets’ inhabitants, while it is the poor parts of the world that suffer the consequences from climate change the most. Coping with climate change is one of the largest challenges of the century, especially for low-income developing countries. Important stakeholders have realized that it’s a global responsibility to lower the anthropogenic impact on the climate. Political ecology will be used to place the problem with unequal distribution of consequences in a larger context, while environmental economics will be used to examine the flight tax implemented in Sweden on April 1st2018. Purpose: Toexamine student’s attitudes towards excise taxation as an incentive to reduce emissions from air traffic, and whether there was a difference in attitudes between students from different disciplines. Research question: What are Swedish students’ attitudes towards excise tax onflights to reduce emissions? Is there adifference in attitude towards the flight tax depending on the students’ field of studies? Method: Quantitative approach with questionnaire responses as the main empirical data material for analysis. Conclusion: A majority of students participating were positive towards the newly implemented flight tax. Students from an environmental discipline were positive to a greater extent than other students.