Spelling suggestions: "subject:"floods -- south africa -- limpopo"" "subject:"floods -- south africa -- ḽimpopo""
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Exploring the perceived flooding impacts on tourist accommodation establishments in the Limpopo province, South AfricaSouthon, Mercia Patricia January 2017 (has links)
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Master of Science.
School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies (GAES). Johannesburg, October 2017. / Climate and weather-related impacts have become widespread particularly affecting the
tourism industry. Changes in the climate and weather lead to changes in tourist seasons,
products and travel opportunities. Flooding has gained research attention over the past decade,
since the destruction creates many challenges for tourism businesses. Floods are a growing
global problem, increasing in terms of frequency of occurrence, property damages, business
economic losses, and fatalities. South Africa has begun to experience many annual flood events
both coastal and in-land, but the Limpopo Province has been declared as flood disaster area,
since the increase in temperatures and precipitation. Interest now lies on how particular tourist
destinations in the Limpopo Province can adapt to reduce flooding risks whilst increasing
opportunities mainly for the economy. Debates around flooding costs, recovery processes, and
adaptive capacities affirm to be more challenging for the tourism accommodation sector. The
study aimed to explore the perceived flooding impacts on different types of tourist
accommodation. Thus, to determine if floods hindered any tourist bookings, offerings, and
tourist length of stay. The exploration verified the possible flood risks to vulnerable
accommodation and no adequate adaptation plans. A purposeful sample of 145 tourist
accommodation businesses located across three flood-prone regions of the Limpopo Province
were selected to answer a semi-structured questionnaire to put across their flooding experiences
from a management perspective. The semi-structured questionnaire was combined with
telephone interviews and email responses. Coherent theme development within the theoretical
framework was achieved through content analysis. Content analysis allowed for the critical
discussion of deductive and inductive themes found in the results. Floods during peak-seasons
threaten and affect tourist accommodation, leaving them behind in business. Those not affected
benefit with increased tourist demand and new opportunities in the hospitality industry. Tourist
accommodation businesses are exposed to flood risks and experience challenges to assess,
recover and adapt from the direct and indirect impacts. Alongside the destruction of tourism in
these regions, were concerns of the provision of flood mapping and flood management plans
for tourism businesses. Wider flooding impacts on the environment and the surrounding local
communities demonstrates a growing problem for the future.
Key words: floods; tourist accommodation; flooding impacts; risks; opportunities; tourist
demand; adaptation; flood recovery, flood mapping, flood management plans. / LG2018
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An investigation of ecosystem regime shifts caused by regulated water release into Phongolo River from the Pongolapoort Dam, Kwazulu-Natal, South AfricaChavalala, Tiyisani Lincon 12 February 2016 (has links)
MSc (Zoology)) / Department of Zoology
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Vulnerability assessment of settlements to floods : a case study of Ward 7 and 9, in Lephalale Local Municipality, Limpopo Province South AfricaMothapo, Mologadi Clodean January 2019 (has links)
Thesis (M.Sc. (Geography)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Floods are one of the major natural hazards that occur with devastating effects globally. South Africa is one of the countries that is affected as flooding frequently occurs at different sub-national scales and with devastating impacts on human settlements. The variability of the nature, impact and frequency of flood occurrence in the country has heightened interest in the assessment and determination of flooding vulnerability, particularly in areas that have been affected or are likely to be affected in the near future. Given the uncertainties surrounding flood occurrence and the enormous damages resulting from the events, this study sought to assess the vulnerability of settlements to floods in Ward 7 and 9 of Lephalale Local Municipality. To accomplish this, both primary and secondary sources of data were used in this study. A mixture of closed-ended and open-ended household questionnaire, which was administered to 133 and 227 randomly selected households in Ward 7 and 9 respectively was used. In addition, a vulnerability index was developed using an indicator approach in order to determine levels of flood vulnerability in the study areas. Indicators were identified, grouped and normalised using the standardization method, then weighted using pairwise comparison method. The various indicators were then aggregated through a linear summation method into a vulnerability index. This index was subsequently used to produce a vulnerability map showing the spatial pattern of the different flood vulnerability levels in the studied areas. The results reveal that socioeconomic as well as physical factors influence settlements’ vulnerability to flooding disasters. Furthermore, the vulnerability index map showed that Ward 7 was more vulnerable to flooding, with an average index of about 0.16 while Ward 9 was less vulnerable, with an average flood vulnerability index of 0,07. The vulnerability map also indicated that out of the total land area of 13.54km2 occupied by settlements in Ward 7, 9.38 km2 was very vulnerable, 2.27km2 highly vulnerable and 1.89km2 had low vulnerability. In Ward 9, about 4.44km2 of settlements land was experiencing low vulnerability while 29.96km2 experienced very low levels of vulnerability. The study concludes that the high vulnerability of Ward 7 was a result of an interplay of factors that include its nearness to the stream, a high proportion of low-lying land, land use type and high population densities. The results of this study can serve as a basis for targeting prioritization efforts, emergency response measures, and policy interventions at the ward level for minimizing flood disaster vulnerability in municipal areas. The study recommends that flood vulnerability assessments should integrate socio-economic characteristics with physical factors in order to adequately assess vulnerability and therefore enable municipalities to anticipate floods and plan for them. / University of Limpopo Staff Financial Assistance, Risk and Vulnerability Science Centre and VLIR
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Modelling flood heights of the Limpopo River at Beitbridge Border Post using extreme value distributionsKajambeu, Robert January 2016 (has links)
MSc (Statistics) / Department of Statistics / Haulage trucks and cross border traders cross through Beitbridge border post from
landlocked countries such as Zimbabwe and Zambia for the sake of trading. Because of
global warming, South Africa has lately been experiencing extreme weather patterns
in the form of very high temperatures and heavy rainfall. Evidently, in 2013 tra c
could not cross the Limpopo River because water was
owing above the bridge.
For planning, its important to predict the likelihood of such events occurring in
future. Extreme value models o er one way in which this can be achieved. This study
identi es suitable distributions to model the annual maximum heights of Limpopo
river at Beitbridge border post. Maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian
approach are used for parameter estimation.
The r -largest order statistics was also used in this dissertation. For goodness of
t, the probability and quantile- quantile plots are used. Finally return levels are
calculated from these distributions.
The dissertation has revealed that the 100 year return level is 6.759 metres using
the maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches to estimate parameters. Empirical
results show that the Fr echet class of distributions ts well the
ood heights data at
Beitbridge border post.
The dissertation contributes positively by informing stakeholders about the socio-
economic impacts that are brought by extreme
flood heights for Limpopo river at Beitbridge border post
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Influence of climate change on flood and drought cycles and implications on rainy season characteristics in Luvuvhu River CatchmentDagada, K. 18 September 2017 (has links)
MESHWR / Department of Hydrology and Water Resources / This study dealt with the influence of climate variability on flood and drought cycles and implications on
rainy season characteristics in Luvuvhu River Catchment (LRC) in Limpopo of South Africa. Extreme
weather events resulting in hazards such as floods and droughts are becoming more frequent due to
climate change. Extreme events affect rainy season characteristics and hence have an influence on water
availability and agricultural production. Annual temperature was obtained from Water Research
Commission for stations 0723485W, 0766628W and 0766898W from 1950-2013 were used to show/or
confirm if there is climate variability in LRC. Daily rainfall data was obtained from SAWS for stations
0766596 9, 0766563 1, 0723485 6 and 0766715 5 were used to detect climate variability and determine
the onset, duration and cessation of the rainy season. Streamflow data obtained from the Department of
Water and Sanitation for stations A9H004, A9H012, and A9H001 for at least a period of 30 years for
each station were used for climate variability detection and determination of flood and drought cycles.
Influence of climate variability on floods and droughts and rainy season characteristic were determined in
the area of study. Trends were evaluated for temperature, rainfall and streamflow data in the area of study
using Mann Kendall (MK) and linear regression (LR) methods. MK and LR detected positive trends for
temperature (maximum and minimum) and streamflow stations. MK and LR results of rainfall stations
showed increasing trends for stations 0766596 9, and 0766563 1 whereas stations 0723485 6 and
0766715 5 showed decreasing trends. Standardized precipitation index (SPI) was used to determine floods
and droughts cycles. SPI results have been classified either as moderately, severely and extremely
dry or, moderately, very and extremely wet. This SPI analysis provides more details of
dominance of distinctive dry or wet conditions for a rainy season at a particular station. Mean
onset of rainfall varied from day 255 to 297, with 0766715 5 showing the earliest onset compared to the
rest of the stations. Cessation of rainfall for most of the hydrological years was higher than the mean days
of 88, 83 and 86 days in 0766596 9, 0766563 1 and 0723485 6 stations. Mean duration of rainfall varied
from 102 to 128, with station 0766715 5 showing shortest duration of rainfall. The results of the study
showed that the mean onset, duration and cessation were comparable for all stations except 0766715 5
which had lower values. The study also found that climate variability greatly affects onset, duration and
cessation of rainfall during dry years. This led to late onset, early cessation and relatively short duration
of the rainfall season. Communities within the catchment must be educated to practice activities
such as conservation of indigenous plants, reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
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Investigating prospects of integrating spatial planning with disaster risk reduction in flood prone settlements of Greater Tzaneen Municipality of Limpopo Province in South AfricaTladi, Mazwi Thapelo 18 May 2019 (has links)
MURP / Department of Urban and Regional Planning / Disaster is posing serious threats to both human lives, infrastructure and the environment at large. Greater Tzaneen Municipality (GTM) is one of the many municipalities that suffer from flood related disasters. Lack of integration between Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and spatial planning has compounded the disaster risk situation in the municipality. This study sought to investigate the prospects of integrating spatial planning with disaster risk reduction in flood prone areas of GTM. The study is guided by three research objectives. First, the study sought to analyse spatial planning attributes that can be valorised for DRR in flood prone areas; Secondly, it sought to analyse spatial planning factors that define vulnerability attributes of households occupying flood prone areas. Finally, the study sought to perform a cluster analytical creation of a typology of households whose resilience to flooding could be enhanced through spatial planning. Twenty-five flood prone areas were analysed on the basis of four main flood vulnerability attributes. In order to identify such vulnerability attributes, the study borrowed critical insights from literatures on flood vulnerability, spatial planning and DRR. Such a critical review of literature was complemented by the use of pattern matching as a qualitative research instrument. Quantitative that was gathered using a structured observation checklist.
Quantitative data generated was first subjected to various statistical tests that included Normality and Reliability Tests. Common measures of Normality test used included measures of skewness, kurtosis and the use of Normal Q-Q plots. To assess flood vulnerability, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was used. HCA was used to identify clusters of flood prone areas which had common characteristics in terms of the four main study constructs proposed by the study which included the physical/engineering, socio-economic, ecological/natural and political or governance conditions characterizing each area. HCA was then used to identify main clusters exhibiting similar characteristics and the associated level of vulnerability of such of communities occupying such clusters.
Study results revealed 2 main clusters of flood prone areas whose differences lay in interactions that existed between the physical/engineering, socio-economic, ecological/natural and political or governance conditions characterizing each area. Such clusters depicted 2 levels of vulnerability that is high, and moderate. A number of opportunities and constraints were generated using the SWOT matrix strategy with the main results showing that spatial planning elements characterizing flood prone areas could be transformed into critical urban risk management options for DRR. This is because a spatial planning elements were found to have a direct influences on critical factors of DRR such as location of activities. The study concluded by recommending a number of spatial planning strategies that can be vaporized for DRR. Such strategies are systematically aligned to the unique vulnerability context conditions associated with the two flood vulnerability solution arrived at using HCA. / NRF
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