This study was conducted to record seasonal variations in the epiphyllous sooty mold colonies found on citrus leaves in two central Florida citrus groves, to determine basic patterns of fungal growth throughout the year and to determine whether these general patterns are correlated with regional climatological data. The results indicated general seasonal variations in the reproductive units of five of the fungi from the colony. In the study, correlations were seen between the two Ascomycetes, Treubiomyces pulcherrimus and Trichomerium didymopanacis. They were found fruiting most abundantly during the winter and spring. Reproductive units of two asexual sooty mold species (Podoxyphium citricolum and Tripospermum roupalae) were found in greater abundance during the summer. A third fungus, Pithomyces atro-olivaceous, was found with high numbers of reproductive units during the winter and it is suggested that this species is a transient of the sooty mold colony. No reasons for the cycling of the sooty mold colony were clearly defined. The presence of biological similarities between the fungal cycle and the climatological data and insect cycles observed in the field may contribute to sooty mold colony seasonal variations.

Arthropods were collected at three sites on the Canaveral Peninsula of the east central Florida coast, from May until November, 1975. These sites were old fields dominated by grasses and herbs and one of them (site 1) was located near Launch Complex 41, Kennedy Space Center. A modified drop-trap of 0.5 m2 was used to trap arthropods at approximately 14-day intervals. A vacuum collector removed the arthropods and loose material which was visually inspected for arthropods by the unaided eye and a 7X dissecting scope. A total of 12,296 arthropods was collected during the study. Insects were by far the most numerous group, usually contributing 85 to 95% of the individuals. Ants were very numerous comprising 47% of all individuals and were most numerous at site 1. Arthropod density was greatest on site 1 and increased on all three sites until October and then declined November. A bimodal trend in herbivore density occurred with peaks in June-July and October-November. Predators increased during the study and this significantly correlated with the increase in all other arthropods on the three sites and with herbivores on site 2 and 3. Ants increased in density during the study, while parasites, scavengers, and omnivores remained at low densities. The percentage of predators was roughly constant over most of the study. New species were encountered on site 1 about 1.5 times a fast as on sites 2 and 3. The distribution of individuals among the insect families was similar for the three sites, but site 1 averaged more individuals per family. The average number of individuals per species on site 1 was about double that for sites 2 and 3. Species diversity (Shannon-Weaver) values indicated that arthropods at site 1 were more evenly distributed among the species. Dominance (Simpson) values were not significantly different among the three sites. Community similarity indicated that about 50% of the species on one site were found on one of the other two sites. The different plant communities or habitats surrounding the sites were apparently unrelated to the number of arthropod species present on the study sites. The number of arthropod species present did appear to be related to differences in the number of plant species and their relative abundance on the grids. The launches of two Viking spacecraft appeared to have no detrimental effect on the nearby arthropods.

The Seminole County, Florida solid waste transportation network was examined to determine alternate locations of transfer stations. The scope of this study is limited to transportation and assumed disposal costs. Collection costs are not included. Review of past generation records was conducted and a per capita generation rate of 4 lbs/day was determined. This compared favorably to a 4.06 lbs/day for Orange and Brevard County. The cost per ton for the present solid waste management system was computed and compared to alternative systems. The present system was compared to several alternatives by altering the number and changing the locations of transfer stations to arrive at an optimum cost configuration. Recommended alternate plans are provided which are dependent upon the waste generating districts participating as well as transfer station location in the overall solid waste management system.

At this time there is an increasing emphasis in Florida on developing large, multipurpose complexes which include shopping, entertainment, and accommodations for tourists. In all cases a major design problem is people transportation. For best efficiency the primary mode of transportation, the car, must be exchanged for other people movers within the complex, which will afford more security, flexibility, and better movement of people to their ultimate destination. Economically speaking, this would not only conserve fuel, but would allow consolidation of automobile parking into a less desirable area and the grouping of facilities for more shopping and recreation convenience. An example could be typified by a large complex of scattered hotel/motels, which must handle people and their belongings efficiently. One such case is the hotel operations at Walt Disney World. At the present time, only the Polynesian and Contemporary hotels are operating; however, future hotels are planned. Permitting cars to drive directly to the hotel introduces much confusion, traffic congestions, and additional effort on the part of guests and host. A cursory review of WDW hotel operations reveals the alrge amount of effort which typically much be expended into processing the guests and their belongings to and from their room. To be meaningful any such study must include all aspects of guess processing and the interrelationships of the major functions, such as transportation, material handling, and guest treatment. Because of the size and complexity, this can only be done by simulation. This research used simulation to test the Guest Welcome Center concept. The proposed Walt Disney World Guest Welcome Center would feature a luggage unloading area, special parking lot for hotel guest vehicles, convenient reception and registrations, orientation for new guests, and transportation to the hotels and Theme Park. It would further feature luggage containerization, with a special container tram running to and from the hotels. A computer simulation model of the proposed Guest Welcome Center was developed, and its performance analysed. The measures of performance were the maximum length of waiting lines and the maximum number of facility service channels needed, both by hour of the day and the average waiting time spent by hotel guests at various locations. The model performance defined staffing requirements and floor space requirements for guest waiting lines and luggage storage. Further, the simulation study lent insight into the nature of the system and suggested changes which might improve it.

The effect of the Asian grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) and aquatic vegetation upon the zooplankton in four adjacent experimental ponds (0.139 ha each) was studied for one year. Zooplankton were collected with a newly designed shallow-water sampler. Pond 1 contained no aquatic vegetation. Ponds 2, 3, and 4 contained nine species of rooted aquatic plants. Grass carp were stocked into Pond 2 (65 per ha) and Pond 3 (611 per ha). Physicochemical parameters were similar among the ponds. Eighty-eight zooplankton species were enumerated. The abundance of zooplankton groups (Rotifera, Cladocera, and Copepoda) was not significantly different among the ponds containing grass carp. No significant differences existed between Pond 3 (high grass carp stocking rate) and Pond 4 (no carp) for species diversity (d) and species dominance. The number of species and species diversity (d) was found to be significantly different in Pond 2 (low grass carp stocking rate) when compared to Ponds 3 and 4; those differences probably were not due to the grass carp. Grass carp did not appear to affect the water quality of the ponds. In general, it was concluded that grass carp had little, if any, direct or indirect affect upon the zooplankton. Species commonness was greatest among ponds containing vegetation. Rotifers were the dominant zooplankton group in those ponds. Zooplankton ware moat abundant in the pond without vegetation and were dominated by copepods (notably Tropocyclops prasinus). That pond contained the lowest number of species and had the largest species diversity (d) of the ponds. The annual mean for the Simpson Index (species dominance) was highest in Pond 1. The lack of vegetation may have influenced the abundance and diversity of the zooplankton in Pond 1 compared to the other ponds. Those differences also may have been due to selective predation by mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis); that fish was significantly less abundant in Pond 1.

The history of solid waste management in Lake County, Florida is reviewed. The role of governmental agencies is mentioned. Local environmental characteristics and transportation systems are discussed. Existing collection and disposal practices are presented. A land use analysis of the unincorporated areas of the County is given. Projections of population and solid waste quantities are listed. Two computer models are presented. Their optimum solutions are analyzed in detail. The cost associated with implementing either plan is presented. A recommended plan is given based on a combination of transfer stations and sanitary landfills.

Several Florida lakes with different documented trophic state indices were selected for sediment analysis. Vertical sections of the sediment were taken at depths of .1, .5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 and l5 centimeters below the surface of the sediment-water interface. Total Phosphorus analysis was done on each section. The profile presented was then evaluated and was found that the profiles best fit the equation Y = X/ (A + BX), where Y is the Phosphorus Concentration in ppm and X is the sediment depth in cm. Correlation between the trophic state and the profiles characteristics are presented. A hypothesis as to how the sediment profile changes as the lake experiences increased Phosphorus loading is presented, and is used to evaluate the lake studied. This discussion expresses phosphorus dynamics within the sediments in terms of adsorption, chemical changes, biological activity, and molecular and eddy diffusion.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.