This thesis has been performed in Gaborone, Botswana, where all interviews and relevant research data collection took place. The main method of data collection was a semi-structured interviews with relevant parties involved in waste management and generation in Gaborone.This work is part of a larger feasibility study called “Gaborone Transfer and Recycling Station (GTARS)”. The main objective is to make waste management in Gaborone more sustainable, taking environmental, social and economic aspects into account. The aim of this master thesis is to investigate the waste flow rates and composition in the capital city of Botswana, Gaborone. Taking this into account, other factors which directly influence waste generation and composition are identified. The findings show that currently in the year 2014, the city of Gaborone is generating about 348 tons of solid waste per day.Further investigation showed that illegal dumping is a prominent practice in Gaborone, mostly due to the long distance to the landfill and generally low environmental awareness amongst the citizens of the city. The waste generation rates are increasing every year, because the city of Gaborone is expanding rapidly and economic conditions facilitate the increasing urbanization rate. The analysis done till the year 2024 indicate that waste amounts might reach up to 433 tons of solid waste generated per day. Waste composition analysis is constrained, because of the limited data sources available on this subject, but the analysis shows that paper, biodegradable waste and plastics are the main fractions found in the municipal waste stream. / Gaborone Transfer and Recycling Station (GTARS)

Annular seals are devices used in turbomachinery to avoid flow losses which reduce efficiency. The dynamic stability of the machine is also improved by the seal. Thus, it is an important subject to understand the flow behavior through the seal. Straight through triangular labyrinth seals are one of the most commonly used types of non-contacting annular seals. The energy dissipation through these seals is achieved by a series of teeth and cavities. As the flow passes above each tooth, a portion of its pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy. A portion of this kinetic energy is dissipated through turbulence-viscosity interaction in the cavity that follows. Moreover, some portion of the pressure energy is also lost through viscosity of the fluid. This research aims to understand the effects of flow parameters and seal geometry on these losses. This will make it possible to estimate the mass flow leakage through the seal. ANSYS Fluent is used to simulate the flow through the seal. The effect of seal geometry is studied by varying clearance, pitch, tooth height, tooth width and upstream side angle. It was found that, amongst other geometrical parameters, tooth clearance and pitch has a strong influence on carryover coefficient. Smaller values of c/s have better kinetic energy dissipation in the cavity. Carryover coefficient is also found to be a function of the Reynolds number and shaft speed. Discharge coefficient of the seal presents the overall efficiency while carryover coefficient only shows the cavity performance. Discharge coefficient is also found to be a strong function of tooth clearance, pitch, Reynolds number and shaft speed. Remaining parameters have smaller effects. It was observed that the discharge coefficient of first tooth is always lower than those of intermediate teeth. The compressibility effects are presented by using an expansion factor which is the ratio of compressible flow discharge coefficient to incompressible flow discharge coefficient. It was found that the expansion factor is fairly independent of geometrical parameters but a strong function of flow parameters. Considering the effects of seal geometry and flow parameters on carryover coefficient, discharge coefficient and expansion factor, the seal geometry is optimized to increase the kinetic energy dissipation and pressure head loss which in turn will reduce the mass flow leakage.

Title page, abstract and table of contents only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University of Adelaide Library. / This thesis examines the internal and near external flow fields of a nozzle which produces a naturally precessing fluidic jet (FPJ). The internal flow is investigated by phas-eaveraged Laser-Doppler anemometry (LDA) using a total pressure probe as a phase sensor, while the external flow is investigated primarily by phase-averaged Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) using a pair of hot-wire probes as the phase sensor, and LDA. The internal flow results partially confirm the flow structure proposed by earlier investigators and demonstrate the effect of the reversed axial flow on the internal jet within the FPI chamber. The results also support the presence of a driving vortex proposed in the literature. A plethora of experimental techniques progressively reveal the characteristics and features of the external precessing jet. The characteristics of the jet at the exit plane are found to be sensitive to inlet conditions and to inlet Reynolds number. The structure of the flow emerging from the FPJ exit is revealed, and found to contain several significant vortical features. Based on the evidence gathered from all the experiments, a new flow structure of the external precessing jet is proposed. Finally, the new experimental data are used to define Strouhal and Reynolds numbers based on the actual characteristics of the emerging jet. These allow the FPJ flow to be compared with other flows such as mechanical precessing jets. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1109306 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Mechanical Engineering, 2004

This thesis examines extraction of attributes' transformation descriptions from Oracle SQL scripts and possibilities of their presentation to users. This thesis com- pares several variants of output format. Then it describes details of construction for the chosen format and choices that led to it. One of the main decisions was the choice of input data structures: abstract syntax tree and dataflow graph. Those data structures provide initial analysis of input SQL scripts but they also strongly influence the rest of processing. Results of this thesis were verified by prototype implementation in software Manta. The prototype confirmed suitability of the chosen approach for convenient presentation to users. 1

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Macedo e Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T06:03:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nascimento_PauloFranciscodo_M.pdf: 1375419 bytes, checksum: ba7fc3d028483498b980c3fbe5500edc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Embora a maior parte dos trabalhos acadêmicos a respeito da financeirização seja de caráter descritivo ou empírico, na última década surgiram tentativas de inserir os aspectos da financeirização em modelos macroeconômicos formais. Diante de insuficiências das análises formais anteriores, alguns autores utilizaram-se da abordagem chamada stock-flow consistent na concepção de modelos macroeconômicos a respeito da financeirização. Este trabalho é dedicado a analisar o esforço realizado para incorporar a financeirização em modelos macroeconômicos formais utilizando a abordagem stock-flow consistent, buscando avaliar em que medida a abordagem é capaz de representar formalmente a financeirização da maneira como é concebida pela literatura descritiva e empírica e superar as deficiências que as demais tentativas de análise formal apresentam / Abstract: Although the majority of the academic works on financialization are descriptive or empirical, in the last decade there have been attempts to represent its features in formal macroeconomic models. In face of the deficiencies of previous analyses, some authors used the stock-flow consistent approach to elaborate formal macroeconomic models on financialisation. This work is dedicated to analyze the effort employed to incorporate financialisation in macroeconomic models using the stock-flow consistent approach, focusing in evaluating the degree in which the referred approach is able to formally represent financialization in the way it is conceived by descriptive and empirical literature and surpass the deficiencies present in the previous attempts of formal analyses / Mestrado / Ciências Economicas / Mestre em Ciências Econômicas

[pt] Buscando oferecer aos laboratórios de bioquímica sanguínea um meio rápido e seguro na execução de exames, desenvolveu-se o projeto de sistemas mecânicos de um equipamento que realiza rotinas automáticas de exames de bioquímica sanguínea. Com esse objetivo selecionou-se, entre várias alternativas, uma configuração de montagem dos sistemas mecânicos. Esse sistema mecânico é parte do equipamento, juntamente com o sistema eletrônico de acionamento, além de um sistema ótico para análise espectrofotométrica. / [en] In the sake of offering to blood biochemical labs, a fast and safe way to do the exams, a mechanical system of an equipment that carries out automatically the routines of testing was designed and developed. With this objective, among many other alternatives, a configuration of the mechanical system was chosen. This mechanical system is a part of the equipment together with the electronical system of command and work, and also an optical system for the spectrophotometric analysis.

The Technicon AutoAnalyzer II was evaluated for automatic quantitation of non-casein protein (NCP) in milk. The Lowry method f or colorimetric measurement of proteins was adapted to the automated method and found to be accurate in the determination of non-casein protein in milk. The automated Lowry method obeyed Beer's law. Casein content was calculated by difference between total protein determined by infrared milk analysis (IRMA) and non-casein protein. In the analysis of twenty-five replicate milk samples, the standard deviation was 0.32 and the coefficient of variability was 0.90. The casein content as a percentage of total protein in the milk of cows in the Utah State University dairy herd was found to vary from 41.0 to 81.3%. The automated or continuous flow method was affected by as little as 0.05% (w/w) mercuric chloride, a chemical preservative used in milk, whereas potassium dichromate and formaldehyde had insignificant effects upon the assay.

Voltage stability studies (VSS) of the electric network is a crucial factor to make the system operate in stable region and to prevent power blackouts. There are several commercial tools available for VSS of electric transmission systems (TS) but not many for distribution systems (DS). With increasing penetration of distributed renewable generations and meshed network within DS, shipboard power system (SPS) and microgrid, these VSS tools need to be extended for DS. Due to inherent characteristic like high R/X ratio, three phase and unbalanced operation, DS or SPS requires different mathematical approach than TS. Unbalanced three phase power flow and continuation power flow tools were developed using current injection and corrector predictor methods in this work for VSS. Maximum loading point for given DS or SPS can be computed using developed tools to guide required preventive and corrective actions. Developed tool was tested and validated for several different test cases.

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Engineering research and development work is undergoing a reorientation from focusing on specific parts of different systems to a broader perspective of systems level, albeit at a slower pace. This reorientation should be further developed and enhanced with the aim of organizing and structuring our technical systems in meeting sustainability requirements in face of global ecological threats that have far-reaching social and economic implications, which can no longer be captured using conventional approach of research. Until a list of universally acceptable, clear, and measurable indicators of sustainable development is developed, the work with sustainability metrics should continue to evolve as a relative measure of ecological, economic, and social performance of human activities in general, and technical systems in particular. This work can be done by comparing the relative performance of alternative technologies of providing the same well-defined function or service; or by characterizing technologies that enjoy different levels of societal priorities using relevant performance indicators. In both cases, concepts and methods of industrial ecology play a vital role. This thesis is about the development and application of a systematic approach for the assessment of the performance of technical systems from the perspective of systems analysis, sustainability, sustainability assessment, and industrial ecology. The systematic approach developed and characterized in this thesis advocates for a simultaneous assessment of the ecological, economic, and social dimensions of performance of technologies in avoiding sub-optimization and problem shifting between dimensions. It gives a holistic picture by taking a life cycle perspective of all important aspects. The systematic assessment of technical systems provides an even-handed assessment resulting in a cumulative knowledge. A modular structure of the approach makes it flexible enough in terms of comparing a number of alternatives at the same time, and carrying out the assessment of the three dimensions independently. It should give way to transparent system where the level of quality of input data can be comprehended. The assessment approach should focus on a selected number of key input data, tested calculation procedures, and comprehensible result presentation. The challenge in developing and applying this approach is the complexity of method integration and information processing. The different parts to be included in the same platform come in with additional uncertainties hampering result interpretations. The hitherto tendency of promoting disciplinary lines will continue to challenge further developments of such interdisciplinary approaches. The thesis draws on the experience from ORWARE, a Swedish technology assessment tool applied in the assessment of waste management systems and energy systems; and from the EcoEffect tool used in the assessment of building properties; all assessed as components of a larger system. The thesis underlines the importance of sustainability considerations beginning from the research and development phase of technical systems. The core message of this thesis is that technical systems should be researched as indivisible parts of a complex whole that includes society and the natural environment. Results from such researches can then be transformed into design codes and specifications for use in the research and development, planning and structuring, and implementation and management of technical systems. / QC 20100505