Um método original para a fabricação de microbocais de diamante com perfil convergente-divergente foi desenvolvido neste trabalho. O método de fabricação desenvolvido utiliza deposição de diamante policristalino sobre moldes que posteriormente são removidos. Os moldes utilizados são fios de tungstênio submetidos a um processo de corrosão eletrolítica para gerar o perfil convergente-divergente de bocal. O microbocal de diamante foi fabricado para ser utilizado como controlador e medidor passivo de vazão de fluidos, quando operando em condições críticas de escoamento. Testes de vazão de gás foram realizados, utilizando os microdispositivos fabricados, para determinar os parâmetros de escoamento necessários para a utilização dos microdispositivos como controladores e medidores de vazão de gás. Os parâmetros críticos de escoamento, a saber, a vazão mássica crítica, a razão crítica de pressão e a vazão volumétrica crítica, bem cmo a faixa do número de Reynolds do escoamento e o coeficiente de descarga, foram determinados para todos os microdispositivos. A faixa de variação do número de Reynolds dos escoamentos obtidos foi de 1x10 POT.3-7x10 POT.4. Por exemplo, o microbocal de diamante com o menor diâmetro de garganta (16+/-1)x10mum apresentou vazão mássica crítica de (0,344+006)g/min, vazão volumétrica crítica de (314+/-5)cm POT.3/min e coeficiente de descarga de (1,27+/-0,19). Assim, foram fabricados com sucesso microbobais de diamante com perfil convergente-divergente e foram determinados os parâmetros críticos de escoamento que possibilitam a estes microbocais atuarem como controladores e medidores passsivos de baixo vazão de gás. / In this work an original method for the fabrication of diamond micronozzles with converget-divergent profile is presented. The method uses the deposition of polycrystalline diamond over a mold, which is subsequently removed. The referred molds are tungsten wires patterned by means of an electrolytic etching procedure in a way that the divergent-convergent profile is generated. The main motivation for producing such micronozzles is its application as passive flow controllers and flow meters elements when operating under critical flow conditions. The micronozzles produced here were tested in order to determine the critical flow parameters that are necessary for its operation, as passive flow controllers and flow meters elements. The critical flow parameters (critical mass flow rate, critical pressure ratio and critical volumetric flow rate), the Reynolds number range and the discharge coefficient were determined for all the microdevices produced. The Reynolds number for the microdevices was found to be in the range of 1x10 POT.3-7x10 POT.4. For instance, the diamond micronozzle with smaller throat diameter, (16+/-1)x10mum, presented critical mass flow rate of (0,344+0,006)g/min, critical volumetric flow rate of (314+/-5)cm POT.3/min and discharge coefficient of (1,27+/-0,19). Therefore, diamond micronozzles were successfully fabricated with convergent-divergent profile and the critical flow parameters necessary for its operation, as passive flow controllers and flow meters elements, were determined.

No description available.

The focus of this research is on deriving small signal stability models for different Flexible AC Transmission Systems devices by introducing a simple systematic method that is applicable to any dynamic device. Two different small signal models for Unified Power Flow Controllers are introduced. One model is called the power control mode and the other model is the voltage control mode. The two models are compared from transient stability point of view to show the necessity of developing both models for UPFC. The thesis also shows how to derive the small signal stability model of Static Synchronous Compensator, as the shunt branch of UPFC. The small signal stability models of both devices are then validated to ensure the accuracy of the derived models. STATCOM and UPFC power control mode are validated against PSCAD. The UPFC voltage control mode is validated against nonlinear solution of system equations.

The focus of this research is on deriving small signal stability models for different Flexible AC Transmission Systems devices by introducing a simple systematic method that is applicable to any dynamic device. Two different small signal models for Unified Power Flow Controllers are introduced. One model is called the power control mode and the other model is the voltage control mode. The two models are compared from transient stability point of view to show the necessity of developing both models for UPFC. The thesis also shows how to derive the small signal stability model of Static Synchronous Compensator, as the shunt branch of UPFC. The small signal stability models of both devices are then validated to ensure the accuracy of the derived models. STATCOM and UPFC power control mode are validated against PSCAD. The UPFC voltage control mode is validated against nonlinear solution of system equations.

Submitted by ELENILSON DE VARGAS FORTES null (vargasfortes@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-10-27T22:01:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese.pdf: 4090366 bytes, checksum: c721654fbc082e717b79dc074adcbfa0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-03T18:32:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fortes_ev_dr_ilha.pdf: 4090366 bytes, checksum: c721654fbc082e717b79dc074adcbfa0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-03T18:32:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fortes_ev_dr_ilha.pdf: 4090366 bytes, checksum: c721654fbc082e717b79dc074adcbfa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este trabalho apresenta o Algoritmo Genético de Chu-Beasley Especializado para realizar o ajuste coordenado dos parâmetros de controladores Proporcional-Integral e suplementares de amortecimento (Estabilizadores de Sistemas de Potência e Interline Power Flow Controller - Power Oscillation Damping) em sistemas elétricos de potência multimáquinas. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é inserir amortecimento adicional às oscilações eletromecânicas de baixa frequência classificadas como local e interárea. Para representar o sistema, é utilizado o Modelo de Sensibilidade de Corrente. Desse modo, todos os seus dispositivos e componentes foram modelados por injeção de corrente e, portanto, um novo modelo de injeção de corrente para o Interline Power Flow Controller é apresentado. Três sistemas teste foram utilizados nas simulações realizadas neste trabalho, sendo: Simétrico de Duas Áreas, New England e o Sul Brasileiro Reduzido. O desempenho da metodologia proposta (Algoritmo Genético de Chu-Beasley Especializado), no que concerne ao ajuste dos parâmetros dos controladores, foi comparado a outros dois algoritmos bastantes difundidos na literatura: Particle Swarm Optimization e o Algoritmo Genético com Elitismo. Os resultados demonstraram que o algoritmo Genético de Chu-Beasley Especializado foi mais eficiente que as demais técnicas apresentadas, obtendo soluções robustas quando variações de cargas foram consideradas, sendo, portanto, credenciado como ferramenta no estudo da análise da estabilidade a pequenas perturbações. / CNPq: 141084/2016-2

Orientador: Percival Bueno de Araujo / Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o Algoritmo Genético de Chu-Beasley Especializado para realizar o ajuste coordenado dos parâmetros de controladores Proporcional-Integral e suplementares de amortecimento (Estabilizadores de Sistemas de Potência e Interline Power Flow Controller - Power Oscillation Damping) em sistemas elétricos de potência multimáquinas. O objetivo principal deste trabalho é inserir amortecimento adicional às oscilações eletromecânicas de baixa frequência classificadas como local e interárea. Para representar o sistema, é utilizado o Modelo de Sensibilidade de Corrente. Desse modo, todos os seus dispositivos e componentes foram modelados por injeção de corrente e, portanto, um novo modelo de injeção de corrente para o Interline Power Flow Controller é apresentado. Três sistemas teste foram utilizados nas simulações realizadas neste trabalho, sendo: Simétrico de Duas Áreas, New England e o Sul Brasileiro Reduzido. O desempenho da metodologia proposta (Algoritmo Genético de Chu-Beasley Especializado), no que concerne ao ajuste dos parâmetros dos controladores, foi comparado a outros dois algoritmos bastantes difundidos na literatura: Particle Swarm Optimization e o Algoritmo Genético com Elitismo. Os resultados demonstraram que o algoritmo Genético de Chu-Beasley Especializado foi mais eficiente que as demais técnicas apresentadas, obtendo soluções robustas quando variações de cargas foram consideradas, sendo, portanto, credenciado como ferramenta no estudo da análise d... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

A medical ventilator is a life-sustaining device that helps critically ill patients with complete or partial breathing support. It provides a patient with the right amount of air and/or oxygen as per requirement. It is therefore essential to have a highly accurate device controlling the flow of these essential gases. In ventilators developed by Maquet, an electro-mechanical device called Gas-Module is used for gas flow control. The Gas-Module is the heart of the ventilator since it is responsible for providing the patient with the right amount of gas at the right time. The focus of this thesis is on improving the accuracy of the gas flow control in these Gas-Modules. This is done through identifying various factors that influence the accuracy of gas flow control, and then finding an efficient method to calibrate the Gas-Modules. Calibration of a Gas-Module is done by tuning values of components in the analog electronic circuit. In this thesis, an electrical model of the circuit is built to simulate various modes of operation. A new trimming method is proposed that with a few measurements, and a simulation model, can be predict the optimal calibration parameters. This method helps to improve accuracy at various flow rates. Predicting the calibration parameters in advance avoids many iteration cycles of measure-adjust-measure which would otherwise be required to calibrate the Gas-Module. The new trimming method proposed in this thesis also has the potential to save calibration time of each Gas-Module and thus save production cost. / Medicinsk ventilator är en livsupphållande apparat som hjälper kritiska sjuka patienter med helt eller partiellt andningsstöd. Den förser en patient med rätt mängd luft eller syre efter individuellt behov. Det är därför viktigt att ha en mycket noggranna anordning som styr flödet av dessa viktiga gaser. I ventilatorer från Maquet görs detta med hjälp av gasmoduler som är en elektromekanisk enhet som styr flödet. Denna modul kallas också hjärtat i en ventilatorn eftersom den ansvarar för tillförseln av rätt mängd gas vid rätt tidpunkt. Arbetet som beskrivs i denna avhandling fokuseras på att förbättra noggrannhet för gasflödeskontroll i dessa gasmoduler. Detta görs genom att identifiera olika faktorer som påverkar flödeskontrollens noggrannhet och sedan hitta en effektiv metod för kalibrering av gasmodulerna. Kalibrering av gasmodul görs genom att justera värdet på elektriska komponenter i kontroll kretsen. I denna avhandling buggdes upp en elektrisk modell av kretsen för att simulera olika driftfall. En ny trimmningsmetod föreslås att med hjälp av ett fåtal mätningar och en funktions modell kan de mest optimala kalibrerings parametrarna prediceras. Denna metod hjälper till att förbättra noggrannheten vid olika flödesbehov.Att förutsäga kalibreringsparametrarna i förväg undviker många mätjusteringscykler som annars skulle krävas för att kalibrera en gasmodul. Med denna nya metod reduceras caliberingstid för varje gasmodul vilket kan bidra till minskade produktions kostnader.

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The aim of the diploma thesis is application of the topic Control of HVAC equipments. The thesis is divided into three part – A, B, C. The first theoretical part deals with controlling/regulation in general, it focuses on controlling/regulation of HVAC equipments and it describes ways of air volume flow measurement, which relates to the third experimental part. The second part is focused on design of HVAC system in inpatient ward and fit-out for employees. In the third part was realized verification of air flow volume controller in two chosen buildings, whence in one there weren´t fulfilled manufacturer´s requirements and in the second one they were fulfilled. In conclusion there were compared measured values.

In order to identify the weakest bus in a power system so that the Unified Power Flow Controller could be connected, an investigation of static and dynamic voltage stability is presented. Two stability indices, static and dynamic, have been proposed in the thesis. Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) analysis has been used for the dynamic stability analysis. Results based on the Western System Coordinate Council (WSCC) 3-machine, 9-bus test system and IEEE 14 bus Reliability Test System (RTS) shows that these indices detect with the degree of accuracy the weakest bus, the weakest line and the voltage stability margin in the test system before suffering from voltage collapse. Recently, Flexible Alternating Current Transmission systems (FACTs) have become significant due to the need to strengthen existing power systems. The UPFC has been identified in literature as the most comprehensive and complex FACTs equipment that has emerged for the control and optimization of power flow in AC transmission systems. Significant research has been done on the UPFC. However, the extent of UPFC capability, connected to the weakest bus in maintaining the power flows under fault conditions, not only in the line where it is installed, but also in adjacent parallel lines, remains to be studied. In the literature, it has normally been assumed the UPFC is disconnected during a fault period. In this investigation it has been shown that fault conditions can affect the UPFC significantly, even if it occurred on far buses of the power system. This forms the main contribution presented in this thesis. The impact of UPFC in minimizing the disturbances in voltages, currents and power flows under fault conditions are investigated. The WSCC 3-machine, 9-bus test system is used to investigate the effect of an unsymmetrical fault type and position on the operation of UPFC controller in accordance to the G59 protection, stability and regulation. Results show that it is necessary to disconnect the UPFC controller from the power system during unsymmetrical fault conditions.