Thèse de doctorat : Pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire : Strasbourg 1 : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 197-221.

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor kinase, is a key regulator of integrin and focal adhesion signaling required for cancer cell survival, cell migration, and cell invasion. Amplification/Overexpression of FAK occurs in a wide variety of human cancers, supporting a role in carcinogenesis. Moreover, preclinical studies using cancer models where FAK is genetically inhibited indicate that this kinase is a potential therapeutic target to interfere with cancer progression. However, very little progress has been made in the identification of chemical inhibitors for potential therapeutic applications, in contrast to other kinases. Herein, I report optimization of the high-throughput in vitro Glo kinase assay for screening inhibitors of FAK kinase activity. Screening a large library of small molecule chemicals using these assays identified at least twenty FAK inhibitors, including a new FAK inhibitor developed by Pfizer and undergoing human clinical trials, and the non-specific kinase inhibitor staurosporine. Molecular studies of selective FAK inhibitors are undergoing in my host laboratory. In addition to this in vitro assay, I established similar assays to examine FAK kinase and adapter function in intact cells. The latter consists of ErbB-transformed cells deficient in FAK, and their matched cells where wild-type or kinase-dead FAK was restored. Biological characterization of these models revealed that both FAK kinase and adaptor activities cooperate for the regulation of cell migration, cell invasion, and tumor formation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, May, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-128).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2008. / Prepared for: Dept. of Biochemistry. Bibliography : leaves 84-91.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2008. / Prepared for: Dept. of Biochemistry. Title from thesis description page. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 229 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Kleber Gomes Franchini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T14:22:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cordeiro_IsabelleBezerra_D.pdf: 17466566 bytes, checksum: de71f83d2b4d3c8e0f0269f5d61d332d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A proteína Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK; PTK2) participa de vários processos celulares. A identificação das proteínas parceiras de FAK tem contribuído para o entendimento de suas múltiplas funções celulares. Utilizando um sistema de indução de FAK fusionada a uma cauda de FLAG, combinada com análises por espectrometria de massas (MS), identificamos proteínas associadas à FAK em células HEK293. Um total de 153 proteínas foram repetidamente identificadas com alta resolução por experimentos de MS. Além de confirmar interações já previamente descritas como Paxillin (PXN), Heat shock protein Hsp90 (HSP90) e Transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 1 protein (TGF?1I1), as análises por MS revelaram um novo conjunto de proteínas associadas à FAK, incluindo proteínas envolvidas nas vias de síntese de proteínas, expressão gênica, crescimento celular, proliferação, morte e sobrevivência celular. Além disso, análises de bioinformática das vias indicaram que a FAK se associa com um conjunto de 30 proteínas envolvidas com a via de modificação pós-transcricional do RNA, incluindo a proteína Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SC-35; SRSF2), que é um marcador de speckles nucleares. Esse conjunto de proteínas está associado ao spliceossomo e um conjunto similar de proteínas também foi identificado com os experimentos que utilizaram somente o domínio FERM da FAK. Validações por Western Blotting e imunocitoquímica demonstraram que FAK se associa e co-localiza com a proteína SC-35 no núcleo celular. Ainda identificamos um papel funcional da FAK no splicing do mRNA. Demonstramos que FAK pode modificar o padrão de splicing de um gene repórter E1A ao ser superexpressa em células HEK. Nosso trabalho propõe novas funções da FAK no núcleo, indicando que esta pode estar envolvida em eventos relacionados à função do RNA, como a regulação do splicing do mRNA / Abstract: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK; PTK2) has roles in many cellular processes. The identification of protein partners for FAK has greatly contributed to our understanding of its multiple function. Using inducible FLAG-tagged FAK combined with affinity/purification mass spectrometry (MS) approach, we identified proteins associated with FAK in HEK293 cells. A total of 153 proteins were repeatedly detected in high-resolution MS measurements. Beyond the well characterized partnering with Paxillin (PXN), Heat Shock protein 90 (HSP90) and Transforming growth factor beta-1-induced transcript 1 protein (TGFB1I1), analysis of MS data uncovered novel sets of proteins that associate with FAK, playing a role in protein synthesis, gene expression, cellular growth, proliferation, death and survival. In addition, the network analysis established the unexpected finding that a module of 30 proteins linked to RNA post-transcriptional modifications are recruited by FAK, including Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SC-35; SRSF2), which is a marker of the nuclear speckles. Indeed, this module is found to be enriched by proteins associated with spliceosome. Remarkably, a similar set of proteins was also recruited by FAK N-terminal FERM domain. Biochemical and imunofluorescence validations established that FAK associates and co-localizes with SC-35 protein at the cell nuclei. We further pinpoint a functional role of FAK in mRNA splicing. We showed that FAK can modify the splicing site selection of the adenoviral E1A minigene in a dose-dependent manner. Our work provides new insights into the molecular function of FAK in the nucleus, indicating that it may be involved in events related to RNA function, such as pre-mRNA splicing / Doutorado / Bioquimica / Doutora em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Orientador : Kleber Gomes Franchini / Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T00:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antunes_JoaoEustaquio_D.pdf: 5472161 bytes, checksum: d84f6389e6baf3e2959126f6345e6a14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A compreensão de como a quinase de adesão focal (FAK) contribui para os processos de hipertrofia, insuficiência cardíaca e câncer são de grande interesse científico. Um dos nossos objetivos específicos é desenvolver inibidores desta tirosina quinase com vistas à sua aplicação terapêutica no tratamento de insuficiência cardíaca e câncer. Portanto, foi realizado planejamento racional e a síntese de inibidores farmacológicos para a FAK. Estudos computacionais de docking e farmacocinéticos permitiram selecionar 28 estruturas de quinazolina mais promissoras em relação à capacidade de inibir a FAK. Desta forma, economiza-se tempo e dinheiro para obter-se a síntese apenas de 6 das estruturas pré-selecionadas. Uma quinazolina denominada 4-BZLO foi sintetizada após o planejamento racional. Tal quinazolina foi capaz de inibir em 50% da atividade da FAK in vitro com aproximadamente 1nM. Os testes de pureza da síntese, absorção por via oral, melhor resultado em triagem em células que superexpressam a FAK e o melhor resultado para triagem em duas linhagens de célula leucêmicas e tumor sólido permitiram direcionar o 4- BZLO para ser o composto líder deste estudo. O composto 4-BZLO apresentou resultado promissor para experimentos com camundongos submetidos à coarctação da aorta, que induz hipertrofia cardíaca. Para avaliar se o tratamento preventivo seria eficiente para hipertrofia cardíaca, foi realizado experimento em animais tratados com 30mg/Kg/dia durante 30 dias. Após este período, foi realizada cirurgia de coarctação da aorta para induzir a hipertrofia cardíaca nos animais e os mesmos foram tratados por mais 30 dias. Parâmetros tais como: peso médio do ventrículo esquerdo sobre peso corpóreo de cada animal (LVW/BW), medida da espessura da parede do ventrículo esquerdo (LVWT) e parâmetros histológicos (diâmetro dos miócitos cardíacos) demonstrou que nos animais tratados houve regressão da hipertrofia comparada ao controle (animais sem tratamento). Outro estudo realizado no qual os animais foram tratados de maneira curativa, ou seja, o tratamento foi realizado somente após a coarctação da aorta demonstrou uma melhora no quadro de hipertrofia e função cardíaca. O modelo de fibrose cardíaca foi usado para avaliar se tratamento com 4-BZLO é capaz de reduzir a fibrose cardíaca nos animais. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os animais tratados com 4-BZLO por 30 dias apresentaram redução da acumulação de colágeno, que é um indicador de fibrose, em relação ao controle. Nosso laboratório desenvolveu camundongos transgênicos específicos para a FAK que desenvolve moderada hipertrofia cardíaca. Assim, tal modelo permitiu testar o tratamento com o 4-BZLO para hipertrofia cardíaca induzida pela FAK. Os animais transgênicos específicos para a FAK foram tratados com o composto líder e houve melhora dos parâmetros cardíacos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a quinazolina denominada 4-BZLO é um bom candidato a fármaco como inibidor da FAK / Abstract: Understanding how the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) contributes to the processes of hypertrophy, heart failure and cancer are of great scientific interest. One of our goals is to develop specific inhibitors of this tyrosine kinase with potential therapeutic application in the treatment of heart failure and cancer. In this view, we used rational design to select a group of possible FAK inhibitors. Computational studies such as docking and pharmacokinetic studies allowed us to select 28 structures most likely to inhibit FAK. In this way, we saved up time and money in devising the synthesis of 6 pre-selected structures. Accordingly, quinazoline 4-BZLO was prepared and was able to inhibit the in vitro activity of FAK by 50% at a concentration of approximately 1nM. Several factors contributed to 4-BZLO being chosen as the lead compound in this study: 1) the degree of purity achieved during synthesis; 2) good oral bioavailability; 3) the best inhibition values in cells over expressing FAK in screening, 4) the best result against two leukemic cell lines and one solid tumor target. 4-BZLO showed promising results in experiments with mice subjected to aortic coarctation, which develops cardiac hypertrophy. To assess whether 4- BZLO would be effective for the preventive treatment of cardiac hypertrophy, an experiment was conducted in animals treated with 30 mg/kg/day for 30 days. After this period, an aortic coarctation was performed surgically in order to induce cardiac hypertrophy in animals, and these were further treated for 30 days. Parameters such as left ventricular weight per body weight ratio (LVW/BW), measurement of the left ventricle wall thickness (LVWT), and histological parameters, such as the diameter of cardiac myocytes in treated animals showed that there was a regression of hypertrophy, compared to untreated animals (control). A similar study, where treatment with 4-BZLO was performed only after aortic coarctation showed an improvement regarding hypertrophy and cardiac function. A cardiac fibrosis model was used and the results obtained demonstrated that animals treated with 4-BZLO for 30 days showed a reduction of collagen accumulation, which is an indicator of fibrosis, equal to the control group. Our laboratory has developed transgenic mice specific for FAK, which develop moderate cardiac hypertrophy. Consequently, this model allows us to test 4-BZLO for the treatment of FAK induced cardiac hypertrophy. The transgenic animals were treated with 4-BZLO, leading to an improvement of the cardiac parameters. These results showed that synthetic quinazoline 4-BZLO is a good drug candidate for the inhibition of the FAK enzyme / Doutorado / Farmacologia / Doutor em Farmacologia

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2008. / Title from title page. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online through Digital Dissertations.