Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1962. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Much of the United Nations' work toward achieving its aim of improving economic and social conditions for the people of the world is carried out by specialized inter-governmental agencies. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is such a specialized agency. It is the purpose of this study to explore what the author believes to be some of the more important projects of FAO as it attempts to achieve its objectives.

Academisch proefschrift--Leyden. / Summary in French.

Academisch proefschrift--Leyden. / Summary in French.

学位プログラム名: 京都大学大学院思修館 / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(総合学術) / 甲第22813号 / 総総博第15号 / 新制||総総||2(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院総合生存学館総合生存学専攻 / (主査)教授 池田 裕一, 教授 山敷 庸亮, 特定講師 Hart Nadav FEUER / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy / Kyoto University / DFAM

Thesis (doctoral)--University College London, 1996. / BLDSC reference no.: DX223936.

No description available.

Foreign animal disease outbreaks can cause substantial economic losses. Policy makers need information on both the vulnerability of the food supply to disease epidemics and the impacts of alternative protection actions. This research focused on the assessment of the U.S. agricultural sector and human vulnerability to a Rift Valley Fever (RVF) outbreak and the value of a select set of alternative disease control strategies. RVF is a vector-borne, zoonotic disease that affects both livestock and humans; thus both animal and human consequences of an outbreak were examined. This research was conducted in two parts. Livestock impact assessment used an integrated epidemic/economic model to examine the extent of RVF spread in the animal population and its consequences plus the outcome of implementing two different control strategies: emergency vaccination and larvicide vector control. The number of infected, aborted, and dead animals is best controlled by coupling vaccination along with larvicide, but results in the second highest median national welfare loss. Therefore, careful decisions must be made as to what actions should be taken. Total national producer welfare is reduced with each scenario, and is more severe than the total national welfare loss (producer, consumer, and processor together). Consumer welfare is increased with each scenario due to a drop in prices of some commodities, and in some instances, an increase in supply as well. The majority of the national welfare loss can be attributed to the producers' and processors' loss in welfare. The highest damages are seen in the regions of the outbreak such as the South Central (SC). Other regions such as the Corn Belt, Lake States, and South East regions also see high damages due to price changes. The outbreak did not have substantial price effect on dairy products, but did have noticeable price changes for live cattle such as heifer calves, stocked yearling, and dairy calves. Prices for substitutes such as pork, chicken, and turkey experienced a price reduction, which can also be a factor resulting in consumer welfare gains. Human impact assessment utilized an inferential procedure for estimating the human consequences which comprise of a cost of illness calculation to assess the dollar cost of human illnesses and deaths, as well as a Disability Adjusted Life Year calculation to give an estimate of the burden of disease on public health as a whole. With potential costs above $2 billion for human illness, and with this number not accounting for loss or damages to other sectors of the economy, it can be highly probable that investing in a human vaccination campaign can be cost-effective and possibly cost-reducing. This cost along with the economic loss of the agriculture sector suggests substantial potential losses to the U.S. if this hypothetical situation were to become reality. Combining total loss estimates from the cost of illness and ASM models, potential damage of a RVF outbreak could range from 121 million to 2.3 billion US 2010$. The results of this study show the economic damages of an outbreak in the livestock population being much greater relative to the outbreak in the human population (roughly 16 times greater). It should be pointed out that both cost estimates are most likely under estimated. The animal outbreak is not incorporating all susceptible livestock (e.g. hogs and goats), and the human illness is not incorporating other damages to society (e.g. damages due to loss of tourism). By providing estimates on the potential economic outcomes, policy makers can better choose where, when, and how to invest their resources.

A Segurança sempre foi um tema de grande interesse para as nações, para os grandes líderes de governos e para os acadêmicos que foram testemunhas das mudanças no sistema internacional ao longo do tempo. Essas mudanças repercutiram em transformações no conceito de segurança que acompanharam o contexto internacional, criando assim um debate teórico em torno ao conceito. Depois da Guerra Fria, o realismo entra em crise, demandando uma mudança no conceito que, hoje, tem a ver com o indivíduo e as ameaças existentes que se tornam problemas internacionais toda vez que transcendem fronteiras. A Segurança Humana surge como resposta do PNUD à nova agenda internacional, e inclui ameaças não estatais à segurança internacional. Dentro destas ameaças estão presentes os problemas ambientais, as epidemias, o desemprego, a fome, o narcotráfico, o terrorismo, a migração, os conflitos étnicos, as violações dos direitos humanos, dentre outros. São sete as dimensões que procuram classificar todas as ameaças ao individuo. Uma das dimensões da Segurança Humana é a Segurança Alimentar, que busca garantir o acesso, disponibilidade e uso dos alimentos com uma estabilidade ao longo do tempo. Com base nisto, este trabalho abordará as condições e os debates teóricos durante a Guerra Fria, que permitiram o desenvolvimento do conceito de Segurança Humana e, complementarmente, da Segurança Alimentar. Além disso, nesta dissertação, se utiliza a análise de um caso prático de um país em particular, a Bolívia, para medir qualitativamente e quantitativamente os impactos e a eficiência das politicas de Segurança Alimentar aplicadas na última década. / Security has always been a topic of great interest to the nations, to the great leaders of governments and academics who witnessed the changes in the international system over time. These changes impacted on transformation in the concept of security that accompanied the international context, creating a theoretical debate around the concept. After the Cold War, realism was in crisis, demanding a change in the concept that today is related to the individual and the threats that become international problems, and that transcend borders. Human Security is a response from UNDP to the new international agenda, including non-state threats to international security. Within these threats are present environmental issues, epidemics, unemployment, hunger, drug trafficking, terrorism, migration, ethnic conflicts, human rights violations, among others. There are seven dimensions in which it attempts to classify every threat to the individual. One dimension of Human Security is the Food Security, which seeks to ensure access, availability and use of a stable food in time. Based on this, this paper will focus on the conditions and the theoretical debates during the Cold War, which led to the development of the concept of Human Security and additionally Food Security. Moreover, in this dissertation, we use the analysis of a case study of a specific country, Bolivia, to qualitatively and quantitatively measure the impact and efficiency of Food Security policies implemented in the last decade.

Classification and mapping of ecological zones on a global scale has been a topic of research for many years. This research looks at the development of a global spatial database of ecological zones for the FRA 2000 Report of the United Nations FAO. Besides evaluating the most appropriate type of classification scheme for this purpose, it explores and demonstrates how existing data, for the United States and Canada, can be reclassified to match the FAO classification scheme. Accuracy of mapping is a synergistic function of error, uncertainty, and quality. An assessment of the draft FAO Level D Ecological Zone map was performed which classifies 10-year average, bi-monthly, smoothed AVHRR-NDVI composites of the conterminous United States by applying linear discriminant and decision tree analyses. The results of the linear discriminant analysis were more significantly correlated to the FAO classes, although both approaches suggest that the classification scheme does maximize between-class variance of the NDVI temporal series.