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Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-237). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis PlanA (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Coffee's worldwide popularity, and especially among Americans, has grown significantly over recent decades. This is credited to the rise of corporate coffee shops like Starbucks and Dunkin' Donuts, as well as the inescapable presence of coffee marketing on the internet and social media in our everyday lives. This thesis traces coffee's popularity from its early days as a facilitator in increased production rate in factories during the Industrial Revolution up to the popularity it has gained on TikTok and other social media platforms in the 21st century. My research examines the growth of coffee culture in America through participant observation and a synthesis of texts, considering how coffee influences daily life through marketing and addiction, and how it has managed to stay relevant through that time.

There are many opportunities for consumers to design their lives more sustainably. While a rapidly growing body of literature has investigated how consumers can reduce carbon footprints in key con- sumption areas, such as food, housing and mobility, an overall framework that allows structuring those options across all consumption areas is still missing. Hence, this paper presents a novel and systematic framework to identify improvement options that promote climate change mitigation and structure them based on their primary mode of impact on GHG emissions. The framework targets consumer practices and focuses on ambitious, but technically and socioeconomically feasible strategies for consumers to lower their carbon footprint. Four major categories for reducing consumption-based emissions form the basic framework, which are then subdivided into behavioural strategies and sub-strategies. The practical application of the framework is illustrated by using food consumption as an example. Systematically identifying improvement options can advance a holistic understanding of the range of behavioural strategies targeting consumer choices that operate at different stages in the supply chain. It thus provides a starting point for addressing critical questions related to the role of consumers in supporting climate change mitigation. (authors' abstract)

Cette étude vise à explorer les paradoxes existants dans l'offre durable de produits alimentaires et, les comportements adoptés par les consommateurs percevant ces paradoxes. Le modèle théorique retenu est celui de Mick et Fournier (1998), initialement construit pour étudier les paradoxes des technologies modernes et adapté au cadre de l'Alimentation Durable. Une enquête qualitative a été menée auprès de 84 consommateurs ordinaires en France et en Italie. Puis 18 sujets participants à l'AMAP, ou à des Associations de Consommateurs, ont été interviewés. Les entretiens semi-directifs réalisés ont permis une exploration des paradoxes perçus et des stratégies de coping adoptées selon deux moments: avant l'adoption d'un choix durable et lors du choix durable (Lazarus et Folkman, 1984). Enfin nous avons essayé de dégager des caractéristiques spécifiques à l'égard des deux pays: la France et l'Italie, soit liées aux facteurs structurels (ex. marché de produits alimentaires durables) soit des éléments culturels, ainsi que par rapport aux consommateurs grâce à la proposition de profils types. Pourtant ce travail a des objectifs théoriques, c'est-à-dire de vérifier la présence de paradoxes à l'égard de l'offre alimentaire durable; puis méthodologiques en adaptant le modèle de Mick et Fournier au cadre spécifique de recherche; enfin pratiques en mettant en lumière des éléments qui freinent le développement de l'offre durable actuelle. / This study aims to explore existing paradoxes in sustainable offer of food products and consequently behaviours of consumers at the time of perceiving these paradoxes. The related theoretical model is that of Mick and Fournier (1998), built initially for studying the paradoxes of modern technologies and adapted at the case of sustainable food consumption. A qualitative survey has been conducted among 84 ordinary consumers in France and Italy. Later other 18 subjects, already involved into sustainable purchases (participants of AMAP or Associations of Consumers), have been interviewed. The semi-structured interviews have shed light on perceived paradoxes and adopted coping strategies faced with two moments: before sustainable choice and at the moment of sustainable choice (Lazarus et Folkman, 1984). Last we have achieved to distinguish specific elements attached to two contexts of research: France and Italy, such as structural factors (market of sustainable food products) and cultural ones, and after in regard with consumers by proposing some profiles-types. So that this work has three objectives: theoretical as to verify the paradoxes listed towards the offer of food sustainable products; methodological regarding the adaptation of conceptual model of Mick et Fournier (1998) to specific context of research and then practical ones in order to distinguish some elements which can affect negatively the development of sustainable current offer.

O presente trabalho aborda questões relativas à pluralidade e ao dinamismo da mesa paulistana, explorando a comida para além de sua característica nutricional, em seus aspectos sócio-cultural e econômico. Para tanto, considera as condicionantes que levam a essa diversidade que caracteriza a gastronomia paulistana, como o passado colonial e os intensos fluxos migratórios, destacando também a realidade de uma cidade cosmopolita, global. Discute, igualmente, transformações que vêm ocorrendo na cidade de São Paulo e que impactam o mercado de alimentação; caracterizando-a como o principal polo gastronômico do país e maior mercado brasileiro. Em adição à discussão teórica, expõem-se entendimentos e percepções sobre esse mercado de alimentação em São Paulo, colhidos em entrevistas realizadas com chefs e proprietários de restaurantes e jornalistas especializados na área. Assim, oferece um panorama da mesa paulistana e fomenta uma atitude reflexiva a respeito da gastronomia na cidade de São Paulo. / This dissertation deals with issues regarding the plural and dynamic aspects of the cuisine from the city of São Paulo (paulistana cuisine), approaching food from its sociocultural and economic aspects and going beyond its nutritional content. In order to do so, it considers the factors that have created the diversity that characterises paulistana gastronomy, such as its colonial past, the intense migration flows that marked it, as well as its reality as a cosmopolitan, global, city. It also discusses the changes that have been taking place in the city, as Brazil\'s main gastronomic hub and market, and which have an impact on the food market. In addition to the theoretical investigation, the dissertation presents interviews carried out with chefs, restaurant owners and journalists specialised in gastronomy, showing their opinions and perceptions regarding the food market in São Paulo. Hence, this dissertation portrays São Paulo\'s food scene and foments a reflective attitude towards gastronomy in the city.

O presente trabalho aborda questões relativas à pluralidade e ao dinamismo da mesa paulistana, explorando a comida para além de sua característica nutricional, em seus aspectos sócio-cultural e econômico. Para tanto, considera as condicionantes que levam a essa diversidade que caracteriza a gastronomia paulistana, como o passado colonial e os intensos fluxos migratórios, destacando também a realidade de uma cidade cosmopolita, global. Discute, igualmente, transformações que vêm ocorrendo na cidade de São Paulo e que impactam o mercado de alimentação; caracterizando-a como o principal polo gastronômico do país e maior mercado brasileiro. Em adição à discussão teórica, expõem-se entendimentos e percepções sobre esse mercado de alimentação em São Paulo, colhidos em entrevistas realizadas com chefs e proprietários de restaurantes e jornalistas especializados na área. Assim, oferece um panorama da mesa paulistana e fomenta uma atitude reflexiva a respeito da gastronomia na cidade de São Paulo. / This dissertation deals with issues regarding the plural and dynamic aspects of the cuisine from the city of São Paulo (paulistana cuisine), approaching food from its sociocultural and economic aspects and going beyond its nutritional content. In order to do so, it considers the factors that have created the diversity that characterises paulistana gastronomy, such as its colonial past, the intense migration flows that marked it, as well as its reality as a cosmopolitan, global, city. It also discusses the changes that have been taking place in the city, as Brazil\'s main gastronomic hub and market, and which have an impact on the food market. In addition to the theoretical investigation, the dissertation presents interviews carried out with chefs, restaurant owners and journalists specialised in gastronomy, showing their opinions and perceptions regarding the food market in São Paulo. Hence, this dissertation portrays São Paulo\'s food scene and foments a reflective attitude towards gastronomy in the city.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2006. / Supervisor: Thomas Crossley. Includes bibliographical references.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Julierme José de Oliveira - 2014.pdf: 1186561 bytes, checksum: ee682becf7a3d3796f34ba3239320262 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Thermophilic species of Campylobacter spp. are often cited as the most common etiologic agent in cases of foodborne illnesses in several countries. When ingested even in small quantities (400 to 500 cells) this organism, through the mechanisms of pathogenicity, the host develops infectious gastroenteritis known as campylobacteriosis. This disease is closely related to the intake and improper handling of contaminated food, especially poultry, and birds the main reservoir of the microorganism. Poor knowledge climbs the role of eggs in the transmission of campylobacteriosis, based on the annual consumption of the food matrix, research clarifying all variables involving this food are essential. This study aimed to verify the occurrence of Campylobacter spp., identify thermophilic species involved and assess the level of antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from chicken carcasses and eggs obtained from commercial establishments in the city of Goiânia. A total of 100 chicken carcasses and 100 dozens of eggs were evaluated using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay for screening miniVIDAS ® with subsequent bacterial isolation and identification of samples by biotyping . By means of the methods employed observed that Campylobacter spp. was identified in 7% (7 /100) of chicken carcasses in 1% (1/100 ) of samples of eggs, 100 % of these were confirmed as belonging to the bacterial genus . The species with the highest number of isolates were Campylobacter jejuni (50 %), followed by Campylobacter coli ( 25 % ) and Campylobacter lari ( 25 % ). For antimicrobial resistance results were that 100% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin, as well as ciprofloxacin and tetracyclines. For ceftriaxone and nalidixic acid resistance values were 91.7 % resistant. Chloramphenicol was 50% of resistant isolates, showed 33.3% sensitivity and 16.7% intermediate resistance. It was also observed that 100% of the isolates showed multidrug profile. Through the results obtained it is concluded that thermophilic Campylobacter are present in chicken carcasses and marketed in Goiânia eggs, whose distribution becomes relevant from the point of view of exposure to consumers. Campylobacter jejuni was the most frequent species. The six districts surveyed had bacteria of the genus in at least one category. Isolates when screened for response to antimicrobial proved multiresistant, denoting the importance of research as a way to support the election of bases and principles for the antibiotic treatment prescribed treatments. Poultry foods surveyed in this study and considered positive for the pathogen constitute risk to the consumer. / As espécies termotolerantes de Campylobacter spp. são frequentemente apontadas como o agente etiológico mais comum nos casos de doenças veiculadas por alimentos em diversos países. Ao ser ingerido mesmo em pequenas quantidades (de 400 a 500 células), esse microrganismo, por meio dos mecanismos de patogenicidade, desenvolve gastroenterite infecciosa no hospedeiro, conhecida como campilobacteriose. Esta doença está intimamente relacionada à ingestão e manipulação incorreta de alimentos contaminados, especialmente carne de frango, sendo as aves o principal reservatório. Pouco se sabe sobre o papel desempenhado pelos ovos na transmissão de campilobacteriose, tendo como base o consumo anual dessa matriz alimentar, pesquisas que esclareçam todas as variáveis envolvendo esse alimento são de fundamental importância. Pelo exposto, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de Campylobacter spp., identificar as espécies termotolerantes circulantes na cidade de Goiânia, vinculadas aos estabelecimentos comercializadores de alimentos, relacionados à alta densidade populacional, localizados em distritos comerciais e avaliar o nível de suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos dos isolados de carcaças de frango e ovos provenientes destes estabelecimentos. Um total de 100 carcaças de frango e 100 dúzias de ovos foram avaliados utilizando como triagem o ensaio imunoenzimatico miniVIDAS® com posterior isolamento bacteriano das amostras e identificação por meio da biotipificação. Por meio dos métodos empregados observou-se que Campylobacter termotolerantes foi identificada em 7% (7/100) das carcaças de frango e em 1% (1/100) das amostras de ovos. A espécie com maior número de isolados foi Campylobacter jejuni (50%), seguidos por Campylobacter coli (25%) e Campylobacter lari (25%). Para a resistência à antimicrobianos os resultados reportaram que 100% dos isolados são resistentes à eritromicina, assim como à ciprofloxacina e tetraciclina. Para ácido nalidixico e ceftriaxona, os valores de resistência foram da ordem de 91,7%. Cloranfenicol foi resistente em 50% dos isolados, apresentou sensibilidade a 33,3% e resistência intermediária a 16,7%. Observou-se ainda que 100% dos isolados apresentaram perfil de multirresistência. Pelos resultados obtidos conclui-se que Campylobacter termotolerantes estão presentes em carcaças de frango e ovos comercializados na cidade de Goiânia, cuja distribuição torna-se relevante do ponto de vista da exposição aos consumidores. Campylobacter jejuni foi a espécie mais frequente. Os seis distritos pesquisados apresentaram bactérias do gênero pelo menos em um estabelecimento. Os isolados quando pesquisados quanto a resposta a antimicrobianos mostraram-se multirresistentes, denotando a importância desta investigação como forma de respaldar a eleição de bases e princípios para a antibioticoterapia para tratamentos prescritos. Os alimentos avícolas pesquisados neste estudo e considerados positivos para o patógeno constituem risco ao consumidor.