This thesis aims at identifying the opportunities for saving energy, which are available to those working within the final link of the UK food system (i. e. at, or in relation to, the points of consumption). Substantial prospective savings exist, because relatively little attention has, as yet, been given to energy-thrift in food-preparation facilities. Within the food-service industry, cooking systems are characterised by high thermal capacities, excessive external surface temperatures and poorly-designed control systems. Catering staff, who use such appliances, are rarely trained to use energy wisely when preparing foods, and kitchens (and their associated dining facilities) tend to be designed without sufficient regard to energy-thrift. Similar problems prevail in domestic kitchens, but to a lesser extent because the cooks there usually pay (or contribute towards) the fuel bills. However, manufacturers still provide household appliances, which are unnecessarily energy-profligate. Furthermore most people have insufficient knowledge of the nutritional suitabilities and the primary-energy costs of their diets. Thus a major educational need exists, which must be satisfied if industrialised food systems are to become more energy efficient. This thesis attempts to make a contribution to this requirement, by analysing cooking systems, food-preparation facilities, kitchen operatives, and human diets from an energy-thrift perspective. Long-term savings (i. e. those achieved as a result of implementing the recommendations within a 15-year period) of approximately £1O p. a. (at 1987 prices) are predicted, although this could be increased substantially if Britons adopt more energy-efficient, yet nutritionally-balanced, diets.

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The obesity epidemic is steadily increasing and affecting all age groups. Obesity rates among young adults are scarcely reported but merit special attention as being overweight during young adulthood will likely result in being overweight or obese throughout adulthood. Because college students are still forming lifestyle patterns, the university setting is ideal for intervention and educating young adults on the importance of developing and maintaining healthy behaviors. This study evaluated whether participation in a 16-week first-year college seminar cooking course increased students’ self-efficacy in food preparation skills and dietary behaviors. Significant changes in food preparation skills were observed between before and after participation (p<0.05) but self-efficacy, overall, did not increase significantly. Institutions of higher education should provide experiential learning opportunities to improve food preparation skills and hence dietary habits of young adults by developing and implementing programs such as first-year seminars focusing on hands-on food preparation basics and techniques.

Background: Childhood, adolescent, and adult obesity is a major health and economic concern affecting the United States and various countries across the globe. Obese children and adolescents are at a potential risk for developing certain chronic diseases as they transition into adulthood. There are community-based cooking intervention programs designed to increase children and adolescents' intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, whether these programs improve self-efficacy and perceptions related to food and eating behaviors is not currently known. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Teen Cuisine, an Extension-based cooking program on self-efficacy with cooking and perceptions of their eating behaviors in a diverse group of adolescents across the Commonwealth of Virginia. Subjects: Students involved in the 4-H Teen Cuisine Program during the 2013-2015 academic years. Cooking Program: Teen Cuisine is a six-week 90-minute extension-based cooking program created by the Virginia Family Nutrition Program targeting adolescents and teens throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia. The program focused on kitchen safety and sanitation, knife skills, food preparation, and nutrition education. Measures: A survey was used to assess n=531 student's self-efficacy for general nutrition knowledge, food choices, and cooking skills as a result of the 4-H Teen Cuisine Program during the academic year of fall 2013 to spring 2015. Methods: Surveys were administered upon completion of the Teen Cuisine program to assess students' self-efficacy and perceived gains in kitchen skills, dietary patterns and preferences, and nutrition knowledge. Results: Teens that self-reported living in rural areas throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia perceived gains (p < 0.05) in an increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. Teens also indicated an increased frequency in cooking and a decrease in their consumption of soda/soft drinks. Conclusion: Overall Teen Cuisine was found to be effective in improving perceptions of curriculum specific health behaviors, cooking skills, food safety and sanitation, and perceived gains in self-efficacy in the kitchen. / Master of Science

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os pontos críticos e estabelecer os pontos críticos de controle em preparações à base de carne de frango, nas lanchonetes/restaurantes do \"CAMPUS\" de uma Universidade. Em cada uma das 23 unidades foram analisadas três preparações à base de carne de frango as quais representam a grande preferência dos consumidores. A pesquisa foi dividida em duas etapas: - Levantamento das instalações. Acompanhamento das preparações e elaboração dos respectivos fluxogramas para identificação dos pontos críticos. Os dados foram colhidos com auxilio de \"Ficha de Inspeção\" preparada para o trabalho em questão, termômetros digitais de penetração, termômetros químicos, cronômetros e reagente para determinação de concentração de cloro em soluções para higienização. Constatou-se que, a maioria das instalações foi projetada para funcionar apenas como lanchonete sendo que, os serviços de restaurante são realizados de forma precária. Este fato associado ao despreparo dos manipuladores de alimentos, resulta num comprometimento sério à manipulação e proteção dos alimentos e, conseqüentemente à sanidade dos mesmos. / The present paper intends to identify critical points and critical control points in preparations of chicken meat in luncheonettes and restaurants of a University campus. In each of the twenty-three units three such preparations were analyzed; the preparations represented the major preference of consumers. The study was divided in two phases: - Study of equipments. - Follow-up of preparations and elaboration of flow diagrams for identification of critical points. Data were collected with the aid of an inspections form especially prepared for the study, penetration digital reading thermometers, chemical thermometers, chronometer and reagent to stablish the chlorine concentration in sanitizing solutions. The data showed that instalations of all establishments were originally planned for luncheonettes and were being used as restaurants under precarious conditions. This fact plus the lack of training of food handlers resulted in the serious jeopardizing of food handling; thus protection of food was jeopardized as well as its sanity.

The aim of this study is to analyse the importance of social factors and so­cial relations around food preparation. Methods used: a questionnaire, a food diary kept by the person(s) respon­sible for food preparation in the family and a number of interviews. 348 families from the counties of Uppsala and Umeå with at least one child un­der 18 years of age filled in the formulas. The kitchen is a working-place where women dominate as workers. Class has a considerable effect on patterns of meals, on methods used for food preparation and on the choice of food and dishes. The division of la­bour is auso effected, members of the family are more involved in the pro­cess of food preparation when the mother is a higher non-manual employee or self-employed. Distinctions revealed when reading the diaries with Bourdieu's con­ceptions in mind were of three kinds. One dimension is geografical, an other dimension is that of age. The third dimension is class. Upper-class families distinguished themselves by using more extras and more elaborate ways of labelling the gravy, the vegetables, the dishes themselves. They also had more alcohol with the dinner. Still another dimension is the gen­der power system. The results from the interviews revealed two patterns. One is that women express in various ways that there are conflicting goals involved, hard to cope with satisfactorily. The other is that there is a great variety of ways the couples deal with the gender system - men's open or hidden domination and women's open or hidden subordination. / digitalisering@umu

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os pontos críticos e estabelecer os pontos críticos de controle em preparações à base de carne de frango, nas lanchonetes/restaurantes do \"CAMPUS\" de uma Universidade. Em cada uma das 23 unidades foram analisadas três preparações à base de carne de frango as quais representam a grande preferência dos consumidores. A pesquisa foi dividida em duas etapas: - Levantamento das instalações. Acompanhamento das preparações e elaboração dos respectivos fluxogramas para identificação dos pontos críticos. Os dados foram colhidos com auxilio de \"Ficha de Inspeção\" preparada para o trabalho em questão, termômetros digitais de penetração, termômetros químicos, cronômetros e reagente para determinação de concentração de cloro em soluções para higienização. Constatou-se que, a maioria das instalações foi projetada para funcionar apenas como lanchonete sendo que, os serviços de restaurante são realizados de forma precária. Este fato associado ao despreparo dos manipuladores de alimentos, resulta num comprometimento sério à manipulação e proteção dos alimentos e, conseqüentemente à sanidade dos mesmos. / The present paper intends to identify critical points and critical control points in preparations of chicken meat in luncheonettes and restaurants of a University campus. In each of the twenty-three units three such preparations were analyzed; the preparations represented the major preference of consumers. The study was divided in two phases: - Study of equipments. - Follow-up of preparations and elaboration of flow diagrams for identification of critical points. Data were collected with the aid of an inspections form especially prepared for the study, penetration digital reading thermometers, chemical thermometers, chronometer and reagent to stablish the chlorine concentration in sanitizing solutions. The data showed that instalations of all establishments were originally planned for luncheonettes and were being used as restaurants under precarious conditions. This fact plus the lack of training of food handlers resulted in the serious jeopardizing of food handling; thus protection of food was jeopardized as well as its sanity.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Objectives: To examine changes in planning, selecting, and preparing healthy foods in relation to personal factors (time, money, stress) and social distancing policies during the COVID-19 crisis. Methods: Using cross-sectional online surveys collected in 38 countries worldwide in April-June 2020 (N = 37,207, Mage 36.7 SD 14.8, 77% women), we compared changes in food literacy behaviors to changes in personal factors and social distancing policies, using hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for sociodemographic variables. Results: Increases in planning (4.7 SD 1.3, 4.9 SD 1.3), selecting (3.6 SD 1.7, 3.7 SD 1.7), and preparing (4.6 SD 1.2, 4.7 SD 1.3) healthy foods were found for women and men, and positively related to perceived time availability and stay-at-home policies. Psychological distress was a barrier for women, and an enabler for men. Financial stress was a barrier and enabler depending on various sociodemographic variables (all p < 0.01). Conclusion: Stay-at-home policies and feelings of having more time during COVID-19 seem to have improved food literacy. Stress and other social distancing policies relate to food literacy in more complex ways, highlighting the necessity of a health equity lens. / Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen / Revisión por pares

This study examined the social cognitive theory factors of home availability of fruits and vegetables, nutrition knowledge, food preparation ability, and cooking self-efficacy and the demographic factors of race/ethnicity, age, gender, marital status, living situation, and meal plan participation in relation to college students' fruit and vegetable consumption. The study sample was comprised of students attending on-campus classes at Utah State University during spring semester of 2009. Data were collected via traditional pencil-and-paper surveys distributed during classes with students in varying stages of their college education and from different fields of study. In total, 207 surveys were used for the linear regression analysis. Race/ethnicity was not included in the regression model due to lack of sufficient racial/ethnic diversity. Of the remaining variables, availability of fruits and vegetables in the home, cooking self-efficacy, and meal plan participation were found to be significant predictors of college students' fruit and vegetable consumption. Availability in the home was the strongest predictor of fruit and vegetable intake in this sample.

No description available.