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The chronic problem of protein deficiency that prevails in many parts of the world today poses a great challenge to modern technology. Current production of protein food of animal origin is insufficient to meet the needs of an increasing world population. From this fact arises the possibility of a world in which the majority of people will never have enough to eat,

Domestic demand for Iranian agricultural food commodities was projected for 1970, 1975 and 1980. Demand for particular commodities was projected separately for Tehran (the capital city), urban Iran and rural Iran. Income and population growth Here the most significant explanatory variables in this long term projection. Two cross-sectional family budget surveys, taken six years apart, provided consumption data for Tehran and urban Iran. A series of family budget studies provided Engel curve data for rural Iran. The income effect was estimated for each food item by least squares regression analysis. The resulting income elasticities were found to be significantly different from those published by the Iranian Central Bank. The income elasticities were adjusted for the quality effect and expected changes in the market margin. Demand for a few major products has projected for the forecast years via a disaggregated model developed in this paper and a traditional aggregate model. The disaggregated model projected demand at levels six to twelve percent above the aggregate model. This difference is apparent due to the unequal distribution of income accounted for by the disaggregate model. Demand for all food products was projected by the traditional method. Various conversion factors Here employed to translate results into farmgate demand for basic crop and livestock products.

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Thesis (M. Tech. (Food and Beverage management, Dept. of Hospitality, Tourism and Project Management) -- Vaal University of Technology / Background: About 66 percent of South Africans are urbanised. The majority of this population is forced by circumstances to live in informal settlements. Despite the income challenges faced, the market expenditure by these low-income consumers amounts to R129 billion per year. A lack of information exists regarding food product attributes that guide purchasing choice for maize meal. Objective of the study: To identify and describe the food product attributes experienced as most important during purchasing of maize meal by low-income consumers in informal settlements in the Johannesburg-Vaal region. Methods: Phase 1 comprised a quantitative survey in three informal! and one formal settlement (n=502), testing the level of importance perceived for 14 food product attributes. In Phase 2, focus group discussions were conducted to describe and compare the understanding of the food product attributes between groups and with literature. Results: Phase 1 defines income level as the boundary within which low-income consumers perceived the importance of food product attributes. Satiety value and the affordability of food products override sensory attributes as the main decision choice, as usually applicable to higher income groups. Nutrient content was ranked least important. These findings can probably be allocated to the need of low-income consumers to satisfy priorities for survival (satiety value). Phase 2 reported no distinctive differences in the meaning of terms between groups. However, a difference exists in the depth of meaning. The majority of descriptive elements indicated a link to economic attributes. Strong cross-links between attributes were revealed through the findings. No major differences were found in the understanding of food product attributes between the respondents' groups and with existing literature. Two concept elements, the versatility of product use as linked to taste and the ability of sensory qualities to report quality of maize meal as linked to product safety, were revealed by the current study. Key words: Food product attributes, low-income households, staple food, maize meal, informal settlement, purchase choice.