Informações sobre as plantas visitadas pelas abelhas para a obtenção de recursos alimentares são importantes para conhecimento básico de padrões ecológicos e também para a aplicação desse conhecimento na polinização de plantas cultivadas. Por isso, faz-se necessário não somente conhecer quais plantas são fontes de pólen, néctar e/ou óleo para as abelhas, mas também analisar e compreender como essas plantas são utilizadas. Pode-se, então, estudar o uso dos recursos alimentares em diferentes escalas biológicas: individual, populacional ou comunitária. Nesse contexto, estudando-se espécies de abelhas solitárias coletoras de óleo, este trabalho objetivou compreender como indivíduos de duas populações de Epicharis dejeanii (Centridini) do litoral paulista contribuem para o nicho trófico da espécie. A sobreposição/partição dos recursos alimentares também foi estudada para populações de três espécies de Tetrapedia: T. curvitarsis, T. diversipes e T. rugulosa em uma área de cerrado. Aplicando-se a metodologia de análise polínica do resíduo pós-emergencial dos ninhos-armadilha aliada a um levantamento florístico-fenológico das plantas da área, observou-se que as três espécies de Tetrapedia estudadas ao longo de um ano são generalistas. Apesar disso, concentram suas coletas em poucas espécies de plantas, especialmente em espécies do gênero Croton (Euphorbiaceae). O mesmo padrão foi observado para as populações de E. dejeanii estudadas no litoral paulista: muitas plantas são visitadas, mas poucas intensamente exploradas. Neste caso, os tipos polínicos mais utilizados pertencem às famílias Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae e Malpighiaceae, com destaque para o tipo Tibouchina (Melastomataceae). Para todas as espécies de abelhas estudadas, Malpighiaceae foi a única família de plantas visitadas para a obtenção de óleo floral, que é utilizado na construção e no aprovisionamento de células de cria. As duas populações estudadas de E. dejeanii eram compostas por indivíduos generalistas e especialistas. Mas, os tipos polínicos utilizados pelos indivíduos especialistas estão contemplados na dieta dos indivíduos generalistas. Isso indica que a população provavelmente compartilha um mesmo ranking de fontes de recursos preferidas / Information about which plants are visited by bees for gathering food resources is important for basic understanding of ecological patterns and also for applying this knowledge in crop pollination. Therefore, it is necessary to know the plant species that provide pollen, nectar and/or oil for the bees, as well as analyze and understand how these plants are used by them. For this, we can study the use of food resources at different biological scales: individual, population or community level. Within this context, studying solitary oil-collecting bees, this study aimed to understand how individuals of Epicharis dejeanii (Centridini) from two populations of São Paulo Coast contribute to the trophic niche of this species. The overlap/partition of food resources was also studied in a Cerrado area, using populations of three species of Tetrapedia: T. curvitarsis, T. diversipes and T. rugulosa. Through the method of pollen analysis of post-emergency residues from trap-nests, combined with floristic and phenological surveys of plants from the area, we found that the three species of Tetrapedia studied over one year are generalists. Despite this, the bees concentrated their collections in just a few plant species, especially in the genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae). The same pattern was observed in populations of E. dejeanii of the São Paulo Coast, where many plants are visited, but only a few are intensively exploited. In this case, pollen types intensively used belong to Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae and Malpighiaceae, highlighting the Tibouchina kind (Melastomataceae). For all studied bees, Malpighiaceae was the only plant family visited for floral oil gathering, an essential resource for the construction and provisioning of brood cells. Regarding E. dejeanii, the two populations studied were composed of generalist and specialist individuals, being the pollen types used by specialist individuals included in the diet of the generalist ones. These results indicate that the population probably shares the same ranking of preferred sources

Informações sobre as plantas visitadas pelas abelhas para a obtenção de recursos alimentares são importantes para conhecimento básico de padrões ecológicos e também para a aplicação desse conhecimento na polinização de plantas cultivadas. Por isso, faz-se necessário não somente conhecer quais plantas são fontes de pólen, néctar e/ou óleo para as abelhas, mas também analisar e compreender como essas plantas são utilizadas. Pode-se, então, estudar o uso dos recursos alimentares em diferentes escalas biológicas: individual, populacional ou comunitária. Nesse contexto, estudando-se espécies de abelhas solitárias coletoras de óleo, este trabalho objetivou compreender como indivíduos de duas populações de Epicharis dejeanii (Centridini) do litoral paulista contribuem para o nicho trófico da espécie. A sobreposição/partição dos recursos alimentares também foi estudada para populações de três espécies de Tetrapedia: T. curvitarsis, T. diversipes e T. rugulosa em uma área de cerrado. Aplicando-se a metodologia de análise polínica do resíduo pós-emergencial dos ninhos-armadilha aliada a um levantamento florístico-fenológico das plantas da área, observou-se que as três espécies de Tetrapedia estudadas ao longo de um ano são generalistas. Apesar disso, concentram suas coletas em poucas espécies de plantas, especialmente em espécies do gênero Croton (Euphorbiaceae). O mesmo padrão foi observado para as populações de E. dejeanii estudadas no litoral paulista: muitas plantas são visitadas, mas poucas intensamente exploradas. Neste caso, os tipos polínicos mais utilizados pertencem às famílias Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae e Malpighiaceae, com destaque para o tipo Tibouchina (Melastomataceae). Para todas as espécies de abelhas estudadas, Malpighiaceae foi a única família de plantas visitadas para a obtenção de óleo floral, que é utilizado na construção e no aprovisionamento de células de cria. As duas populações estudadas de E. dejeanii eram compostas por indivíduos generalistas e especialistas. Mas, os tipos polínicos utilizados pelos indivíduos especialistas estão contemplados na dieta dos indivíduos generalistas. Isso indica que a população provavelmente compartilha um mesmo ranking de fontes de recursos preferidas / Information about which plants are visited by bees for gathering food resources is important for basic understanding of ecological patterns and also for applying this knowledge in crop pollination. Therefore, it is necessary to know the plant species that provide pollen, nectar and/or oil for the bees, as well as analyze and understand how these plants are used by them. For this, we can study the use of food resources at different biological scales: individual, population or community level. Within this context, studying solitary oil-collecting bees, this study aimed to understand how individuals of Epicharis dejeanii (Centridini) from two populations of São Paulo Coast contribute to the trophic niche of this species. The overlap/partition of food resources was also studied in a Cerrado area, using populations of three species of Tetrapedia: T. curvitarsis, T. diversipes and T. rugulosa. Through the method of pollen analysis of post-emergency residues from trap-nests, combined with floristic and phenological surveys of plants from the area, we found that the three species of Tetrapedia studied over one year are generalists. Despite this, the bees concentrated their collections in just a few plant species, especially in the genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae). The same pattern was observed in populations of E. dejeanii of the São Paulo Coast, where many plants are visited, but only a few are intensively exploited. In this case, pollen types intensively used belong to Melastomataceae, Myrtaceae and Malpighiaceae, highlighting the Tibouchina kind (Melastomataceae). For all studied bees, Malpighiaceae was the only plant family visited for floral oil gathering, an essential resource for the construction and provisioning of brood cells. Regarding E. dejeanii, the two populations studied were composed of generalist and specialist individuals, being the pollen types used by specialist individuals included in the diet of the generalist ones. These results indicate that the population probably shares the same ranking of preferred sources

Nutrition education has become a topic of significant concern in today’s society. An area prominent in the interest of nutrition is the battle against food security. Programs like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program – Education (SNAP-Ed) is helping to improve its participants’ food security by providing nutrition education. Kentucky SNAP-Ed participants were asked to complete a survey and a 24-hour food recall to evaluate their knowledge in the following areas: Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores, food resource management and nutrition practices. Each participant completed an average of 7-12 nutrition education lessons throughout the year. To graduate from the program participants were required to complete the same survey and food recall, applying knowledge gained from the program. Responses from 2,868 participants were analyzed to assess the impact of the SNAP-Ed program. Results demonstrated an improvement of average post-mean responses in all three areas (p-value < 0.001). In conclusion, this research supports that those who participated in the 2012 – 2013 SNAP-Ed program graduated with an overall positive change in nutrition behavior, promoting enhanced food security in low-income families.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:25:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 arruda_vm_dr_rcla.pdf: 931170 bytes, checksum: fb88fc4e2ab74c2d384a6779f6fb726a (MD5) / Nesta pesquisa estudou-se o efeito da cafeína nas atividades referentes à divisão de trabalho entre operárias de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.), bem como na longevidade dessas abelhas. As atividades estudadas foram: limpeza, inspeção, termorregulação, construção, coleta, recepção de alimento, defesa da colônia e alimentação larval. A atividade de coleta de alimento e a longevidade das operárias em relação às variáveis ambientais: índice pluviométrico (mm), pressão atmosférica (mb), temperatura (°C), umidade relativa do ar (%) e velocidade do vento (Km/h) também foram analisadas. Foram utilizadas duas colônias alojadas em colméias de observação, sendo que uma delas (grupo controle) foi alimentada com 50g de cândi (85% de glaçúcar + 15% de mel), enquanto a outra (grupo experimental) recebeu 49,67g de cândi misturado a 0,33g de cafeína. Essa alimentação foi administrada semanalmente às abelhas das duas populações durante três meses consecutivos. Em cada colméia foram introduzidas 606 operárias recém-emergidas, marcadas com discos plásticos numerados colados ao tórax, provenientes de uma colônia matriz de abelhas africanizadas contendo uma rainha fecundada em vôo livre. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a frequência de operárias do grupo experimental que fizeram autolimpeza (65%), recepção de alimento (5%), alimentação larval e coleta de recursos alimentares (3%) foi maior em relação às abelhas do grupo controle. No que se refere à construção de favos, as operárias alimentadas com dieta contendo cafeína confeccionaram um número de células (401) quase duas vezes maior em relação às operárias que receberam dieta normal. O fluxo de coleta de pólen e néctar foi maior no grupo experimental (89%) e as abelhas deste grupo iniciaram a atividade de coleta em uma idade precoce, mas o período de maior atividade de coleta... / In this study the effects of caffeine on activities related to the division of labor among Africanized honeybee workers (Apis mellifera L.), and also on the longevity of these bees were investigated. The activities studied were: cleaning, inspection, temperature regulation, construction, collect of food resources, receiving food, defense of the colony and larval feeding. The gathering of food resources and the longevity of the worker bees in relation to the environmental variables: rainfall (mm), atmospheric pressure (mb), temperature (°C), relative air humidity (%) and wind speed (km / h) were also analyzed. Two colonies of honeybees maintained in observation hives were used in this research. One of them (control group) was fed with 50g of candy (85% of glaçucar plus 15% of honey), and the other (experimental group) received 49.67g of candy mixed with 0.33g of caffeine. This feeding was given weekly to the bees of these populations for three consecutive months. In each hive 606 newly-emerged worker bees, marked on the thorax with numbered plastic discs, were introduced. These bees came from a mother colony of Africanized honeybees which contained a fertilized queen in free flight. The results of this research revealed that the frequency of worker bees from the experimental group which made self-cleaning (65%), receiving food (5%), larval feeding (3%) and collect of food resources (3%) was higher in relation to the rates obtained for the control group. Concerning the construction of combs, the workers fed with diet containing caffeine made a number of cells (401) almost twice as large as that of the workers which received normal diet. The flow of the pollen and nectar collected was higher in the experimental group (89%) and the bees from this group started this task in the early age, but the period of greater activity was similar in both groups (between 34 and 40 days), for the oldest... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: José Chaud Netto / Banca: Julio Valentim Betioli / Banca: Valter Vieira Alves Junior / Banca: Sulene Noriko Shima / Banca: Solange Cristina Augusto / Resumo: Nesta pesquisa estudou-se o efeito da cafeína nas atividades referentes à divisão de trabalho entre operárias de abelhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.), bem como na longevidade dessas abelhas. As atividades estudadas foram: limpeza, inspeção, termorregulação, construção, coleta, recepção de alimento, defesa da colônia e alimentação larval. A atividade de coleta de alimento e a longevidade das operárias em relação às variáveis ambientais: índice pluviométrico (mm), pressão atmosférica (mb), temperatura (°C), umidade relativa do ar (%) e velocidade do vento (Km/h) também foram analisadas. Foram utilizadas duas colônias alojadas em colméias de observação, sendo que uma delas (grupo controle) foi alimentada com 50g de cândi (85% de glaçúcar + 15% de mel), enquanto a outra (grupo experimental) recebeu 49,67g de cândi misturado a 0,33g de cafeína. Essa alimentação foi administrada semanalmente às abelhas das duas populações durante três meses consecutivos. Em cada colméia foram introduzidas 606 operárias recém-emergidas, marcadas com discos plásticos numerados colados ao tórax, provenientes de uma colônia matriz de abelhas africanizadas contendo uma rainha fecundada em vôo livre. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a frequência de operárias do grupo experimental que fizeram autolimpeza (65%), recepção de alimento (5%), alimentação larval e coleta de recursos alimentares (3%) foi maior em relação às abelhas do grupo controle. No que se refere à construção de favos, as operárias alimentadas com dieta contendo cafeína confeccionaram um número de células (401) quase duas vezes maior em relação às operárias que receberam dieta normal. O fluxo de coleta de pólen e néctar foi maior no grupo experimental (89%) e as abelhas deste grupo iniciaram a atividade de coleta em uma idade precoce, mas o período de maior atividade de coleta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this study the effects of caffeine on activities related to the division of labor among Africanized honeybee workers (Apis mellifera L.), and also on the longevity of these bees were investigated. The activities studied were: cleaning, inspection, temperature regulation, construction, collect of food resources, receiving food, defense of the colony and larval feeding. The gathering of food resources and the longevity of the worker bees in relation to the environmental variables: rainfall (mm), atmospheric pressure (mb), temperature (°C), relative air humidity (%) and wind speed (km / h) were also analyzed. Two colonies of honeybees maintained in observation hives were used in this research. One of them (control group) was fed with 50g of candy (85% of glaçucar plus 15% of honey), and the other (experimental group) received 49.67g of candy mixed with 0.33g of caffeine. This feeding was given weekly to the bees of these populations for three consecutive months. In each hive 606 newly-emerged worker bees, marked on the thorax with numbered plastic discs, were introduced. These bees came from a mother colony of Africanized honeybees which contained a fertilized queen in free flight. The results of this research revealed that the frequency of worker bees from the experimental group which made self-cleaning (65%), receiving food (5%), larval feeding (3%) and collect of food resources (3%) was higher in relation to the rates obtained for the control group. Concerning the construction of combs, the workers fed with diet containing caffeine made a number of cells (401) almost twice as large as that of the workers which received normal diet. The flow of the pollen and nectar collected was higher in the experimental group (89%) and the bees from this group started this task in the early age, but the period of greater activity was similar in both groups (between 34 and 40 days), for the oldest... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Seagrass habitats are highly productive ecosystems that support marine food webs and provide essential habitat for a variety of species. Seagrass coverages are declining in abundance worldwide. For southeastern Florida in particular, one of the main causes of the decline is disturbance from dredging and removal of substrate. Seagrass beds at three locations in the vicinity of Port Everglades, Florida were assessed for their trophic contribution to the marine organisms in the area. Seagrasses, algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates from the beds were identified and analyzed for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios to determine their contribution as a food source. Significant differences were found in both δ13C and δ15N between both seagrass species and among the three sites. The δ13C of Johnson’s seagrass Halophila johnsonii ranged from -16.28 to -11.27‰ while shoal grass Halodule wrightii ranged from -15.78 to -13.36‰. The δ15N for H. wrightii were more constrained than those of H. johnsonii, 4.69 to 7.08‰ versus 0.80 to 7.86‰, respectively. Neither seagrass species appeared to be a dominant food source for marine organisms at all three study sites. However, the δ13C and δ15N of both seagrass species, Halophila johnsonii and Halodule wrightii, did fall in the fractionation range of potential consumers, -28.78 to -17.11‰ and 1.96 to 12.63‰, indicating that these animals could be ingesting pieces of seagrass while grazing on epiphytes and other primary producers in the area. Epiphytes found on the seagrass blades appeared to be a greater trophic contributor to local organisms. So while the seagrass species in question may not have been major contributors to the diet of many of the local consumers, the seagrasses nontheless played a vital role as habitat for the epiphytes that did serve as a trophic resource in these communities.

No description available.

Le changement climatique devrait induire une augmentation des précipitations pendant l'hiver et le printemps dans les régions tempérées et la côte nord de l'Europe. Dans les écosystèmes fluviaux, les précipitations affectent directement le débit des eaux courantes et les rivières subiront des crues plus sévères. En outre, la température de l'air et de l'eau augmenteront à travers le monde. Ces nouvelles conditions environnementales vont avoir des conséquences sur la phénologie des espèces et les interactions prédateurs/proies. Les jeunes truites fario (Salmo trutta L.) commencent leur alimentation exogène en mars/avril. Cette étape critique de leur cycle de vie induit d’importants changements aussi bien physiologiques que comportementaux. Pour permettre un bon développement des individus et un taux de survie élevé, les proies doivent être disponibles et abondantes, en particulier à ce moment de l’ontogénèse où les juvéniles sont vulnérables au manque de nourriture et à la prédation. Des expériences en milieux contrôlés ont été menées pour quantifier la sensibilité à différentes modalités de vitesses de courant de trois espèces d’invertébrés couramment consommées par les salmonidés et pour évaluer l’effet de la température sur le métabolisme d’alevins en situation de jeûne. Des expériences en milieu semi-naturel ont été mises en place pour mieux comprendre les effets d’une crue sur la communauté d’invertébrés et sur la survie, le comportement et la croissance des alevins en première alimentation. Il apparaît que la crue impacte différemment les truites en fonction du moment de la saison auquel elles commencent à s’alimenter (au début ou à la fin du printemps) et de la productivité du système. / Global Climate Change will increase precipitations in the temperate and Northern coast of Europe during winter and spring. In riverine ecosystems, precipitation affects directly the discharge of running waters and, thus, it is predicted that streams will face more severe floods. Additionally, air and water temperature will increase all over the world. These new environmental conditions can alter the phenology of species and predator/prey interactions. Newborns of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) start their exogenous feeding in March/April. This stage is a critical step as individuals undergo huge physiological and behavioral changes. To allow a good development and a high survival rate, prey has to be abundant, particularly during early ontogenesis when they are most vulnerable to food scarcity and predation. In this thesis, experiments in controlled-environment were conducted to estimate the effect of water velocity on the preferred prey taxa for salmonids and to understand the effect of temperature on the metabolism of alevins facing starvation. Experiments in semi-natural conditions were set up to better understand the effects of floods on invertebrate communities and on survival, behavior and growth of first-feeding alevins. Our data support that floods affect trout differently depending on when they start feeding (early or late spring) and the availability of prey in their environment.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T13:53:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paola Arielle Ferreira Nobre - 2015.pdf: 2865061 bytes, checksum: eb60843824dc4bc74edc88795332bc18 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T14:09:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paola Arielle Ferreira Nobre - 2015.pdf: 2865061 bytes, checksum: eb60843824dc4bc74edc88795332bc18 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T14:09:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paola Arielle Ferreira Nobre - 2015.pdf: 2865061 bytes, checksum: eb60843824dc4bc74edc88795332bc18 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / the factors that influence the choice of egg-laying sites by adult insects is critical in order to identify the major drivers of host-plant use by insects. The abundance of different plant species and the level of feeding specialization of insects have been considered as determinants of the preferential use of host-plants by herbivorous insects. We analyzed the host use patterns of endophagous insects that feed on Asteraceae flower-heads to test the following hypotheses: (i) the abundance of a plant species has a positive effect on the preference of herbivorous insects for that plant species, and (ii) the relative importance of plant abundance in determining preferential use is greater for herbivorous species that use a wider range of host-plant species. We used data on the interactions between herbivorous insects and Asteraceae host-plants family sampled in 20 Cerrado areas in São Paulo State. We analyzed 11 species of endophagous insects and 12 host-plant species. For eight species of herbivorous insects, plant species abundance showed a positive influence on herbivore preference. Three insect species did not respond to any influence of plant abundance on feeding preferences, but one of them showed a positive effect of plant species identity. Furthermore, both the most specialized and the most generalist insect species presented a stronger positive effect of plant species abundance in their choice of a host-plant. Therefore, our study shows that the abundance of plant species is a major factor determining the preferential use of hostplants by the endophagous insects of Asteraceae. Moreover, we show that herbivore diet breadth mediates the relationship between host use and plant abundance. / Estudos abordando interações entre insetos herbívoros e plantas hospedeiras abrangem uma vasta gama de aspectos ecológicos. Boa parte desses aspectos pode ser relacionada diretamente ou indiretamente com a alta dependência que os herbívoros apresentam em relação às suas plantas hospedeiras. Devido a essa alta dependência os insetos herbívoros respondem tanto à riqueza e densidade, quanto ao arranjo espacial das hospedeiras no habitat (Wright and Samways 1999, Summerville and Crist 2001, Tsharntke and Brandl 2004). Além das plantas hospedeiras proporcionarem recurso alimentar para os insetos, elas também fornecem abrigo e microclima adequado para o desenvolvimento dos imaturos (Gaston et al. 1992). Insetos herbívoros não consomem indiscriminadamente as plantas, havendo geralmente alguma preferência por poucas espécies de plantas hospedeiras (Futuyma and Gould 1979). Assim, mudanças, por exemplo, em aspectos quantitativo e qualitativo, nessas hospedeiras podem ter grandes efeitos sobre as populações desses herbívoros. Nesse contexto, pode-se dizer que a amplitude da dieta é um componente fundamental do nicho das espécies de insetos herbívoros, influenciando desde sua dinâmica populacional e suscetibilidade à extinção (Brown 1984), até sua distribuição geográfica (Strong et al. 1984).