This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

Food is an integral part of everyday life, and food choices directly affect one’s health. Both academics and practitioners have attempted to help consumers make good decisions about their food choices and recommended better or healthier alternatives. However, in thinking about food it is important to put it in context, as each food item is often combined with other food items to create the gestalt of a recipe or meal. Understanding the complex interaction between food items that are used or consumed together is crucial to provide effective recommendations. In this research, I leverage tools from machine learning and textual analysis like the embedding approach for representation learning to understand food in its context and to build recommender systems that account for the complementarity or fit of co-consumed food items. I show that this consideration of fit among food items can lead to better and healthier food recommendations.

Nourrir les territoires des sociétés urbaines ?Fait alimentaire et fait urbain sont aujourd’hui au cœur d’un faisceau de tensions et de contradictions. Paradoxalement, ils n’étaient plus appréhendés et gérés conjointement. Cette thèse vise à saisir la façon dont l’alimentation peut constituer un prisme au travers duquel le territoire, pris dans le processus de métropolisation, peut être lu mais aussi pensé et géré.Une première partie s’intéresse à l’état des liens entre fait alimentaire et fait urbain dans les territoires et aux potentiels intérêts d’un croisement entre les deux systèmes qui y sont liés à l’heure d’un processus de reterritorialisation du fait alimentaire et de métropolisation du fait urbain. A travers une analyse de la rythmique des croisements successifs entre ces deux systèmes et de leurs évolutions, nous montrons comment le processus de reterritorialisation du fait alimentaire est et peut-être le support d’un monde métropolitain et d’une pensée revisitant conjointement problématiques du système alimentaire et territorial.Une deuxième partie s’attache à l’analyse du traitement des liens entre fait alimentaire et fait urbain à partir du constat d’un défaut d’appréhension du caractère vital et d’approche globale du fait alimentaire. Celui-ci n’est pas saisi comme un champ d’action en soi et est formulé partiellement et de façon éclatée. L’appréhension du fait alimentaire comme problématique publique transversale par les territoires est néanmoins en cours. En France, le prisme dominant d’appréhension est celui de l’action agricole qui évolue vers l’agri-alimentaire. A Lyon, l’arrivée du programme Urbact a permis d’engager les prémices d’une ambition stratégique métropolitaine maillant problématiques alimentaires (accessibilité, qualité, durabilité) et territoriales (gestion de l’agriculture urbaine et périurbaine, logistique territoriale, renouvellement urbain, tissu commercial, action sociale, gestion des espaces publics, développement touristique, développement économique, etc.). Le saisissement et la structuration d’une réflexion ou d’une action territoriale autour de l’alimentation sont caractérisés par une transaction territoriale. Un champ d’action territorial hybride émerge de la constitution d’un fil rouge et de la mise en place d’interactions entre acteurs, thématiques, échelles d’action et espaces autour du fait alimentaire.Ces éléments dégagent des perspectives pour penser la production et l’organisation des régions urbaines en devenir en révélant l’opportunité du fait alimentaire pour une approche transversale des problématiques d’aménagement, de développement, de gouvernance et éventuellement de construction métropolitaine. / Feeding the territories of urban societies?Food and cities are two subjects today at the heart of a bundle relations, tensions and contradictions. Paradoxically, they were not apprehended and managed jointly any longer. This thesis aims to understand how food can be a prism through which the territory as considered in the metropolisation process, can be read but also designed and managed.The first part considers the state of the links between food and the urbanisation process as well as the potential interests of a crossover between the two systems that are related thereto in a time of a reterritorialisation of the food supply and metropolisation of the urban phenomenon. Through an analysis of the rhythm of successive crossovers between these two systems and their evolution, we show how the food in a reterritorialisation process perhaps underpins a thought revisiting jointly the issues of the food and planning system.The second part focuses on the analysis of the treatment of the links between food and the urban system based on the fact that food is not recognised as vital and lacks a comprehensive approach. It is not seen as a field of action in itself. It is formulated partially and in a fragmented manner. The apprehension of food as a public transversal issue by the territories is nevertheless ongoing. In France, the dominant prism of apprehension is that of agricultural action that evolves towards agri-food. In Lyon, the arrival of the Urbact “Sustainable food in urban communities” program helped initiate the beginnings of a metropolitan strategic ambition combining food (accessibility, quality and sustainability) and planning (management of urban agriculture, planning logistics, urban renewal, commercial system, social action, management of public spaces, tourism development, economic development, etc.) issues. The rising awareness and structuring of a reflection or a territorial action around food are characterised by a territorial transaction. A hybrid territorial field of action is emerging from the creation of a red thread and the development of interactions between actors, themes, scales of action and spaces around food.These elements highlight perspectives to consider the production and organisation of urban areas in the making, outlining the importance of the food for a transversal approach to metropolitan planning, governance and possibly construction issues.

The thesis presents an exploration into the relationship between food and planning in Helsinki and Stockholm. It looks at the top-down side of planning and the bottom-up side of urban gardening to investigate how food and urban gardening are taken into consideration in the official planning; how two urban gardening initiatives, Dodo's Kääntöpöytä and Trädgård på spåret, are involved in shaping their city; and what the relationship between the two sides is. The study is qualitative and uses case study approach, netnography, interviews, questionnaires, planning documents, and observation to answer the research questions. The literature review includes food systems and planning, urban agriculture, and planning theory on public participation, urban forms and sustainability. Urban food planning cannot be said to exist in either city yet, but Helsinki has a relatively recent strategy that aims to improve the food system and accommodate more urban gardening, and urban gardening is increasingly allowed in both cities. The gardening organisations, Dodo and Trädgård på spåret, are involved in planning in different ways, but both wish to promote urban gardening as a sustainable strategy. The relationship between the two sides is generally positive, and both initiatives are in line with their city's goal of becoming more sustainable.

The World Health Organisation ([WHO], 2007) declared obesity as the public health threat of the 21st century. Currently, the Maltese adult population ranks as the heaviest in the Euro‐Mediterranean region. In response to a gap in Maltese research on the area of obesity and food consumption, this PhD aimed to gather local data to unearth behavioural‐psychological factors that could be implemented in local interventions. The focus of the PhD was narrowed to women with families based on literature that has identified motherhood as a salient point of transition that amplifies the weight trajectories for adult women. A mixed‐methods approach guided the methodology of the PhD programme with four studies carried out sequentially in two phases. The findings of the qualitative phase revealed that weight management for Maltese mothers was enmeshed with gender norm expectations surrounding motherhood. For mothers with a higher BMI, their relationship to food was a significant barrier to weight loss maintenance. Mothers with a lower BMI or who maintained their weight pointed at their food planning ability to manage their diet. The quantitative phase extended literature on the dimensional validity of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) (Van Strien et al., 1986) by reproducing its factor structure and ascertaining its reliability among Maltese women. This was the first validation of an eating behaviours assessment tool in Maltese and the first validation of the DEBQ in a Semitic language. Finally, Structured Equation Modelling revealed how food planning could act as a mediator to restrained and external eating styles to increase fruit and vegetable snacking and decrease high calorie snacking. In addition to the implications to theory, it is believed that these findings have worthy practical implications through tailored eating behaviour interventions, by targeting food planning to counterbalance the impact of external eating among Maltese mothers.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Objectives: To examine changes in planning, selecting, and preparing healthy foods in relation to personal factors (time, money, stress) and social distancing policies during the COVID-19 crisis. Methods: Using cross-sectional online surveys collected in 38 countries worldwide in April-June 2020 (N = 37,207, Mage 36.7 SD 14.8, 77% women), we compared changes in food literacy behaviors to changes in personal factors and social distancing policies, using hierarchical multiple regression analyses controlling for sociodemographic variables. Results: Increases in planning (4.7 SD 1.3, 4.9 SD 1.3), selecting (3.6 SD 1.7, 3.7 SD 1.7), and preparing (4.6 SD 1.2, 4.7 SD 1.3) healthy foods were found for women and men, and positively related to perceived time availability and stay-at-home policies. Psychological distress was a barrier for women, and an enabler for men. Financial stress was a barrier and enabler depending on various sociodemographic variables (all p < 0.01). Conclusion: Stay-at-home policies and feelings of having more time during COVID-19 seem to have improved food literacy. Stress and other social distancing policies relate to food literacy in more complex ways, highlighting the necessity of a health equity lens. / Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen / Revisión por pares