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Tannins and humic substances commonly referred to as natural organic matter (NOM), constitute an important component of natural water and soil systems. These species contain numerous phenol and carboxyl functional groups whose reactivity is strongly dependent on both the quantity and location of these moieties on the aromatic ring. In the realistic environmental conditions, both phenolic and carboxylic functional groups are adsorbed on a variety of colloidal metal oxide surfaces. Unfortunately, due to the complexity of humic-based substances, experimental data involving mineral-humate interactions are difficult to interpret. Here, we aim to develop a more detailed understanding of mineral-NOM interactions in aquatic systems, using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of simple organic acids having functional groups similar to those found in humic substances. SAMs of 4-(12-mercaptododecyl)benzene-1,2-diol (o-hydroxyphenol-terminated), 5-(12-mercaptododecyl)benzene-1,3-diol (m-hydroxyphenol-terminated), bis(11-thioundecyl) hydrogen phosphate (monoprotic phosphate) and 11-thioundecyl dihydrogen phosphate (diprotic phosphate) were prepared and deposited on a Au(111) surface. The composition of elements present on the surface were determined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and the orientation of monolayers on the Au(111) surface was explored by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Chemical force spectrometry has been used to determine the surface pKa of the monolayers and further used to explore the role of phenolic groups in the surface complexation of NOM by monitoring adhesion forces between iron and aluminum oxide sample and hydroxyphenol-terminated Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) modified tip. The results are discussed in the context of hydrogen bonding between corresponding species. The system in which there are multiple hydroxyl groups ortho to the carboxylic groups or adjacent to one another on the benzene ring results in significantly different force-distance profiles when interacting with the hydroxyphenol tip. / Thesis (Ph.D, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2013-06-18 00:22:06.646

This degree work aims to tell a story about the force of fashion. Through forced material interactions on body the focus of this study is interaction. Interaction between contrasting materials, body and space and/or catwalk and audience. By forcing materials to act and interact on body this work aims to nd new expressions and ways of making in fashion. To tell this story a design space was made, ‘Wonderland’, a place where all the ‘Wonder Women’ live. These ‘Wonder Women' are like sisters, di erent from the other. The resemblance lies in the interaction and forceful expression. This collection is the result of a thorough material investigation resulting in a lineup of seven looks. Each made in di erent techniques, the possibilities within this study are endless. This work proposes to all within the fashion eld to not be afraid, to step away from the season-hysteria and do what you want. Tell that story, and may the force be with you.

This study addresses the absence of scientific knowledge of leadership behaviour among gays in the management echelon of the South African Department of Defence and provides some tangible knowledge in this regard. This valuable knowledge was obtained through an in-depth qualitative research design, namely a life story of one South African citizen, who is gay, male and white, and who held a senior management position in the Department of Defence (DOD) for a number of years. Themes and hypotheses from both the existing literature on homosexual behaviour and leadership generally, and on gay people employed as leaders by the military particularly, were compared with the rich, everyday experiences of this particular gay person on his leadership tasks in the local military world. This study provides insight into homophobia, and particularly into how it was managed by an authentic gay. The study also makes a modest contribution to the methodology of case studies and particularly the applicability of life stories in the organizational and leadership fields. Finally, I believe the study provides knowledge on homosexuality and leadership and the relation between these in the South African Department of Defence, and, in this way could offer valuable information in assisting with “examining” its Draft Policy on Non Discrimination on the Grounds of Sexual Orientation. I am of the opinion that the insight into an authentic gay officer’s life provided by the method, could inform policy impacting on leaders, and particularly on gay officers, of the DOD. / Prof. W. J. Schurink

The bracero programs of the 1942-1964 period have been the subject of a large amount of controversy. One side insists that foreign workers are necessary to the production of the nation's food and fiber while the other is just as certain that native workers will do the work required when paid a reasonable wage. This thesis will attempt to explore the principal issues involved in the controversy.

One of the purposes of this work is to investigate modifications that have to be made to a standard source-modulation microwave spectrograph so that it can be used to study gases at various temperatures. Another objective in this work is to determine experimentally the function of temperature that describes how the line widths of microwave spectral lines vary with changing temperature. The most important segment of the study is the temperature dependence of the line width since from an accurate knowledge of this temperature dependence one is able to determine what molecular force fields are present and the relative importance of parts of the molecular force field.