Cette thèse porte sur les pratiques de déplacement des populations rurales pendant la guerre d’indépendance algérienne. Au cours de ce conflit, la création de « zones interdites » par l’armée française se solde par le transfert de plus de deux millions d’Algériens vers ce que l’armée appelle alors des « centres de regroupement ». L’objectif de ce travail consiste à comprendre les dynamiques de diffusion de cette pratique et son intégration dans l’arsenal stratégique mobilisé par l’armée française dans la lutte contre le Front de Libération National. Il s’agit aussi de cerner la figure de l’une des institutions majeures de ce conflit, le camp de regroupement. Essentiellement créé à des fins de contrôle social, il génère dans la plupart des cas une crise économique pour les populations visées, déracinées et privées de l’accès à leurs terres, désormais dépendantes de l’État. Il s’agit enfin de comprendre comment l’État et l’armée réagissent à cette crise, en développant notamment une politique dite des « Mille villages » censée transformer les camps en autant de nouvelles entités semi-rurales – et les effets de cette politique. Dans cette perspective, ce travail vise à étudier la mise en œuvre de cette double politique sur le terrain militaire, politique et administratif, en analysant les relations entre les principaux acteurs de l’État dans la conduite de l’action publique. Il s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux activités sécuritaires, sociales et économiques des officiers des Sections Administratives Spécialisées (SAS), alors chargés de l’encadrement des populations déplacées. Elle cherche ainsi à contribuer à l’écriture d’une histoire de l’État colonial dans ce contexte où il connaît ses ultimes transformations. / This PhD concerns the displacement of rural population during the Algerian war for independence. During this conflict, the creation of “forbidden zones” by the French army ends in the transfer of nearly two million Algerians towards some camps that the militaries then called “regroupment centres”. The objective of this work consists to study the dynamics of this practice’s diffusion and its integration in the militaries strategy implemented against the National Liberation Front. Its aim is also to define the specificity of one of the major institution of this conflict: the “regroupment” camp. Essentially created for Social Control purposes, it generated in most of the cases an economic crisis for the rural population, uprooted and deprived of the access to its land, and most part of the time depending on State’s food distribution. This work try to understand how some actors, civilian or militaries, try to react to this crisis, by developing a particular policy: the “One thousand villages”, that was supposed to transform the camps into some “new villages”. This work aims to study the implementation of this double policy, on the local military, political and administrative ground, by analysing the relations between the main actors of the State. It is focused in particular on the security, social, economic activities of the officers of the Specialized Administrative Sections, which were in charge of the camp. In such a perspective, it tries to contribute to the writing of a history of Colonial State in its last algerian manifestation.

Submitted by Kamila Costa (kamilavasconceloscosta@gmail.com) on 2015-06-10T19:45:12Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese-Gláucia M Q Baraúna.pdf: 2691273 bytes, checksum: 56eef81c0886aadad3a3904d40c3314c (MD5) Ficha-Glaucia M Q Baraúna.pdf: 5963 bytes, checksum: 68d125e0bae34db8eb96e71a46331d70 (MD5) Caderno de fotos-Gláucia M Q Baraúna.pdf: 14694777 bytes, checksum: 5194d2ece866cf63c395d2c719d397ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-11T18:06:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese-Gláucia M Q Baraúna.pdf: 2691273 bytes, checksum: 56eef81c0886aadad3a3904d40c3314c (MD5) Ficha-Glaucia M Q Baraúna.pdf: 5963 bytes, checksum: 68d125e0bae34db8eb96e71a46331d70 (MD5) Caderno de fotos-Gláucia M Q Baraúna.pdf: 14694777 bytes, checksum: 5194d2ece866cf63c395d2c719d397ab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-11T18:11:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese-Gláucia M Q Baraúna.pdf: 2691273 bytes, checksum: 56eef81c0886aadad3a3904d40c3314c (MD5) Ficha-Glaucia M Q Baraúna.pdf: 5963 bytes, checksum: 68d125e0bae34db8eb96e71a46331d70 (MD5) Caderno de fotos-Gláucia M Q Baraúna.pdf: 14694777 bytes, checksum: 5194d2ece866cf63c395d2c719d397ab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-11T18:11:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese-Gláucia M Q Baraúna.pdf: 2691273 bytes, checksum: 56eef81c0886aadad3a3904d40c3314c (MD5) Ficha-Glaucia M Q Baraúna.pdf: 5963 bytes, checksum: 68d125e0bae34db8eb96e71a46331d70 (MD5) Caderno de fotos-Gláucia M Q Baraúna.pdf: 14694777 bytes, checksum: 5194d2ece866cf63c395d2c719d397ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / To design large projects in the Amazon region never stopped being a governmental pretense. Since the 1960’s, we have seen a series of investments in infrastructure, being built in the most unimaginable places in the region. The installation of such “monuments” have affected various aspects of the lives of “traditional peoples and communities”, instigating local social conflicts. The implantation of the “Madeira Complex” represents one more milestone in the history of “traditional peoples and communities” by generating “forced displacements” and the separation of organizational units, in order to make way for “integrationist" actions. Those “people affected” (“atingidos”) by this process, whom are the focus of this research, have established a struggle for the recognition of their rights, related to various issues, above all, the collective existence as “atingidos” by the “Madeira Complex” hydroelectric project. In this research, I highlight various conflicting situations, specifically those that occurred between 2011 and 2014. During this period the conflict situations have become more intense. The struggle of the “atingidos” caused by the hydroelectric companies has been based on the maintenance of their territories, the recognition of their rights, the guarantee of their way of life, as well as the practices through which they have socially constructed their concepts and ways of relating to each other. Considering the disputes and impositions, I start from the understanding of how such social agents have reacted to all of the onslaughts that prioritize the establishment of infrastructure that benefits the coalition of interests between “private companies and governments”; taking into account that this association denies the recognition of the social agents and their rights over the territories historically occupied in the Madeira River region. / Projetar grandes obras na Amazônia nunca deixou de ser uma pretensão governista. Desde a década de 60, temos visto uma sucessão de investimentos em infraestrutura, sendo erguidos nos mais inimagináveis lugares da região. A instalação de tais monumentos afetaram/afetam variados aspectos da vida de povos e comunidades tradicionais, acirrando os conflitos sociais locais. A implantação do "Complexo Madeira" representa mais um marco na história dos povos e comunidades tradicionais ao gerar processos de deslocamento compulsório e desagregação de unidades organizativas para dar passagem a ações “integracionistas”. Os atingidos focalizados nesta pesquisa têm travado uma luta pelo reconhecimento de seus direitos, relacionados a diversas questões, sobretudo, à existência coletiva enquanto atingidos pelo projeto hidrelétrico “Complexo Madeira”. Destaco nesta pesquisa várias situações conflituosas, tendo como marco dos acontecimentos, os anos de 2011 a 2014. Durante este período as situações de conflito social têm se aguçado. A luta dos atingidos pelas hidrelétricas tem se dado pela manutenção de seus territórios, pelo reconhecimento de seus direitos, pela garantia de seu modo de vida e pelas práticas através das quais construíram socialmente suas concepções e formas de relacionar-se. Considerando as disputas e imposições, parto da compreensão de como tais agentes sociais têm reagido a todas as investidas que priorizam a instauração de uma infraestrutura que beneficia a coalizão de interesses entre “empresas privadas e governos”; levando em conta que essa associação nega o reconhecimento dos agentes sociais e de seus direitos sobre os territórios historicamente ocupados no rio Madeira.