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The USMARC classification format, developed in the early 1990s for the DDC and LCC systems, is also amenable for other classification systems. This paper presents a proposal for using the MARC classification format for UDC. There are advantages in using this format for the UDC data in an authority file, e.g., for the MRF records and records for combined notations as well. There has been a trend in library catalogues for subject interoperability between traditional classification systems such as the UDC, DDC, LCC and subject headings. An example with great impact is WebDewey, which offers interlinking between classification numbers, the alphabetical index of the tables and LCSH. Another example is the electronic version of LCC Plus, also including links to LCSH. Subject gateways built upon library authority files can support the interoperability between classification systems and subject headings. These gateways can be the backbone of a more universal access through hypertextual navigation structures supported by classification systems including UDC. To our knowledge, the MARC classification format has not yet been applied to the UDC and in this paper we are going to propose a solution supported by some examples.

Summary It is the most important divide in 1993, before that, the broadcasting in Taiwan is self-contained and monopolized. The government authorities had made applications of channels open to the public access officially for 10 years since 1993. Early and late, there¡¦re more than 100 low-powered, medium-powered, and high-powered radio stations have established and the amount has reached around 300~350 ones if you count illegal underground broadcasting stations in. That is the highest density and most chaotic area all over the world. Not only variety devices but also new fantastic guise, the broadcasting market in Taiwan with furious and flaming competitions, and each one goes his own way. Because an excess of radio stations, all of them are tired out to operate. Opening up newspapers and TV programs, as a result of high initiative limits, few companies have acceded to the market and competed with each other intensely. Recently years, most mess mediums are in a red. As long as you can talk, you can have a chance to be a DJ. Not going into the program quality, it still has specific audiences. And even more some radio stations are striving for their listeners by showing political standpoints instead of caring about the profit and custom. Therefore, the feature of broadcasting industry of Taiwan is carrying on broadcasting stations¡¦s extremely difficult and tough. The superficial measure of Taiwan is not vast and the population is not multitudinous either, and the social structure between northern and southern part is widely dissimilar. Professor Wang ming-sheng said, the people who live in south part in Taiwan are short of citizen accomplishments, then it makes cultural standings are quite different. By this way, marketing tactics are changing, too. Such as languages, industries, educational standings and elder age level, they are business elements you have to consider. This is the key subject we want to keep researching and making a study constantly. Key words: Format, DAB, Internet Radio

Prior to 1980, most research on performance appraisal focused on rating formats. Since then, most performance appraisal research has focused on the internal processes of raters. This study redirects the focus back onto rating format with a critical eye towards rating accuracy. Ninety subjects read several hypothetical descriptions of teacher behavior and then rated the teachers on different dimensions of teaching performance using computer-based rating formats. It was found that rating format does affect some measures of rating accuracy. In addition, support was found for the viability of a new rating format. Graphic rating scales with no anchors received higher accuracy scores on certain measures of accuracy, higher ratings for liking of the rating format, higher levels of comfort with the rating format, and higher levels of interrater reliability than either BARS or graphic rating scales with numerical anchors. This study supports the ideas that rating format research should be reexamined with a focus on rating accuracy and that computer-based graphic scales with no anchors should be considered as an alternative to more traditional rating methods. / Master of Science

Cette étude porte sur trois problématiques reliées à l’utilisation du son multicanal 3D dans le contexte des applications Audio Professionnelles. Le système SIRIUS est présenté. Il s’agit d’une technique de transport du son multicanal qui répond aux contraintes de Fiabilité, Synchronisation et Latence des applications professionnelles et garantie un compromis entre ces différents aspects. Le système peut fonctionner sur les infrastructures LAN classiques et coexister avec d’autres types de trafic réseau. Il est aussi basé sur une couche protocolaire n’utilisant que des protocoles standards, ce qui lui procure un certain niveau d’interopérabilité avec des technologies équivalentes. La seconde contribution est la méthodologie AQUA. Il s’agit d’une nouvelle approche pour l’évaluation de la qualité du son multicanal qui propose des outils efficaces pour l’analyse subjective et objective de la qualité. La partie subjective consiste en un nouveau protocol pour les tests d’écoute qui combine l’analyse de l’information perceptive et spatiale. La précision de la localisation est évaluée grâce au suivi des gestes des auditeurs. Notre méthode, basée sur l’utilisation de la Kinect, permet d’obtenir cette information d’une façon rapide et précise. Le protocole utilise notamment l’analyse EEG pour étudier les biais psychologiques et filtrer efficacement les sujets. La partie objective repose sur un moteur binaural qui convertit le flux multicanal en un flux stereo binaural plus simple à analyser et qui préserve l’information spatiale. Le signal audio résultant est analysé par un modèle perceptif et un modèle spatial qui permettent d’estimer une représentation interne équivalente. Les variables la constituant alimentent ensuite un Réseau de Neurones Artificiel qui permet d’obtenir une note objective de qualité. Parallèlement, le modèle psychologique simule le comportement humain en ajustant la note en fonction des notes précédentes. Les performances obtenues montrent que le système peut être utilisé pour prédire la qualité perceptive et spatiale du son multicanal avec un grand niveau de précision et de réalisme. Le dernier axe d’étude porte sur l’optimisation de la qualité d’écoute dans les systèmes audio surround. Etant donné leur problème de Sweet Spot, et la complexité des systèmes suggérant de l’élargir, on propose une technique basée sur le suivi de la position réelle des auditeurs. Le suivi est réalisé d’une façon non-intrusive par l’analyse d’images thermiques. Les canaux audio initiaux sont considérés comme des sources virtuelles et sont re-mixés par VBAP pour simuler leur déplacement vers l’auditeur. Les performances obtenues montrent un suivi efficace et une amélioration de l’expérience d’écoute. / In this work, three complementary topics regarding the use of multichannel spatial audio in professional applications have b e en studied. SIRIUS, is an audio transport mechanism designed to convey multiple professional-grade audio channels over a regular LAN while maintaining their synchronization. The system reliability is guaranteed by using a FEC mechanism and a selective redundancy, without introducing any important network overload. The system also offers a low latency that meet the professional applications requirements and can operate on the existing infrastructures and coexist with other IT traffic. The system relies on standard protocols and offers a high level of interoperability with equivalent technologies. The overall performances satisfy Pro Audio requirements. The second contribution is AQUA, a comprehensive framework for multichannel audio quality assessment that provides efficient tools for both subjective and objective quality evaluation. The subjective part consists of a new design of reliable listening tests for multichannel sound that analyze both perceptual and spatial information. Audio localization accuracy is reliably evaluated using our gesture-based protocol build around the Kinect. Additionally, this protocol relies on EEG signals analysis for psychological biases monitoring and efficient subjects screening. The objective method uses a binaural model to down-mix the multichannel audio signal into a 2-channels binaural mix that maintains the spatial cues and provides a simple and scalable analysis. The binaural stream is processed by a perceptual and spatial models that calculate relevant cues. Their combination is equivalent to the internal representation and allows the cognitive model to estimate an objective quality grade. In parallel, the psychological model simulate the human behavior by adjusting the output grades according to the previous ones (i.e., the experience effect). The overall performance shows that AQUA model can accurately predict the perceptual and spatial quality of a multichannel audio in a very realistic manner. The third focus of the study is to optimize the listening experience in surround sound systems (OPTIMUS). Considering the sweet spot issue in these systems and the complexity of its widening, we introduce a tracking technique that virtually moves the sweet spot location to the actual position of listener(s). Our approach is non-intrusive and uses thermal imaging for listeners identification and tracking. The original channels are considered as virtual sources and remixed using the VBAP technique. Accordingly, the audio system virtually follows the listener actual position. For home-cinema application, the kinect can be used for the tracking part and the audio adjustment can be done using HRTFs and cross-talk cancellation filters. The system shows an improvement of the localization accuracy and the quality of the listening experience.

Thesis advisor: Larry Ludlow / There has been a steady increase in the use of mixed-format tests, that is, tests consisting of both multiple-choice items and constructed-response items in both classroom and large-scale assessments. This calls for appropriate equating methods for such tests. As Item Response Theory (IRT) has rapidly become mainstream as the theoretical basis for measurement, different equating methods under IRT have also been developed. This study investigated the performances of two IRT equating methods using simulated data: linking following separate calibration (the Stocking-Lord method) and the concurrent calibration. The findings from this study show that the concurrent calibration method generally performs better in recovering the item parameters and more importantly, the concurrent calibration method produces more accurate estimated scores than linking following separate calibration. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation.

The objective of the proposed research is to investigate new and more efficient techniques in numerical evaluation and experimental measurement of phase jitter impact on more general communication systems including dispersion management, filtering, and spectral inversion schemes. There has recently been a renewed effort to develop coherent optical communication systems. In particular, differential phase-shift keying (DPSK), which does not require a local oscillator to perform decoding, has focused the attention and is perceived to be the promising candidate for future optical communication systems updates. This motivates us to exploit DPSK in wavelength-division multiplexed systems. First, modulation formats based on phase show an increased robustness to nonlinear impairments such as cross-phase modulation (XPM) and nonlinear polarization rotation, primarily because the time-dependence of optical power is deterministic and periodic. Second, coherent formats allow a higher spectral efficiency since both in-phase and quadrature dimensions of the signal space are available to encode information. Optical phase is also used in intensity-modulated direct detection systems as an extra degree of freedom, for example to provide better resistance to intrachannel four-wave mixing (FWM), or to increase spectral efficiency in duobinary modulation. Finally, phase modulation outperforms its intensity counterpart in terms of sensitivity since a 3 dB improvement can be achieved when balanced detection is used. Nevertheless, DPSK-based formats show a different behavior to noise accumulated along the propagation. Noise-induced power fluctuations are converted into phase fluctuations by the Kerr effect and become a penalty source which limits the transmission system reach. In this context, there have been intense research activities for evaluating phase uncertainties but the previous studies assume an analytically determined pulse shape and a constant-dispersion optical link which is far from reflecting the actual and future structures of transmission lines.

Maps and atlases are traditionally convenient documents for representing the surface of the earth. They provide an impression of spatial relationships and facilitate an appreciation of geographical and environmental characteristics. They are essential tools for creating an awareness of the world beyond the limits of our experience. Maps can also inform readers on the flow of cultural or economic influences, because they show localities in relation to their neighbours. Furthermore, they capture the reader's imagination by provoking the desire for adventure and exploration. Occasionally maps are also censored because they are an efficient means of indicating strategic features. This project concerns the historical and contemporary examples of communicating information visually by analysing a selection of conventional literary and visual sources, which informs the research. It includes graphic forms that present abundant data, for example, atlases and texts on the architectural history of Central Asia, Tibet, China and Japan. The studio works will examine illustration, draughtsmanship, rendering, and textual/visual imagery. The outcome will be an illustrated atlas of traditional architecture in the earthquake zones of Central Asia (Xinjiang), Tibet, China, Japan and related areas. The graphic format is used as a narrative for the communication of environmental, cultural and architectural data of the region. The atlas is also intended to present the subject in a holistic form in relation to environmental influences on the structures and materiality of buildings, and the broader field of history.

Zugl.: Potsdam, Hochsch. für Film und Fernsehen Konrad Wolf, Diplomarbeit, 2007 / Hergestellt on demand

Zugl.: Ilmenau, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2007 u.d.T.: Lantzsch, Katja: "Wer unterhält uns?", Beschaffung und Produktion von Unterhaltungsangeboten in interorganisationalen Netzwerken am Beispiel des internationalen Fernsehformathandels