Submitted by Fabielle Cheuczuk (fabielle.cheuczuk@unioeste.br) on 2017-10-18T17:32:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 bruna k. de almeida 2017.pdf: 8080971 bytes, checksum: 07b13cd4a6736d0a2941a30749101327 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-18T17:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 bruna k. de almeida 2017.pdf: 8080971 bytes, checksum: 07b13cd4a6736d0a2941a30749101327 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present research aims to recognize the genesis of the surface of the geomorphological surface VIII - Araucaria Plateau, environment subtropical humid climate. For achieve this objective, field and laboratory surveys were performed. In the field were identified the macromorphological properties, such as: color, structure, consistency and texture, as well as granulometric analysis and chemical - macronutrients, sulfuric attack, chemical analytical analysis of the ten main oxides by FRX, mineralogy by XRD, total iron content, free and amorphous. The cover studied located at the apex of gently convex hill presented 9.05 meters of extension being identified the horizons: Ap, Bw1, Bw2, BC, CB, C1, C2. The physical, macronutrient and sulfuric indicate that it is a Bruno Dystrophic Latosol that develops from allochthonous material. The values of free Fe, amorphous Fe and total Fe indicate coverage with advanced stage of weathering, representing characteristics of lateritic development. The Fed / Fet and (Fed - Feo) / Fet ratios corroborate for interpretation of whether they are allochthonous materials at the top of the hedge analyzed. The values of analytical chemistry indicate the geochemical more intense hydrolysis in depth. The presence of 2: 1 filosilicates - EHE and HEV, in amounts relatively greater than the minerals of the 1: 1 group and with higher crystallinity in the Bw2, BC and CB horizons indicates that this material was climatic regime with very marked periods of dryness, different from the current one. The materials analyzed along the coverage profile representative of the geomorphological surface of Chapecó indicate genesis allochthon for the solum sector and autochthonous for the alterite, confirming the performance of the sculpture processes related to Dynamic Etchplanation for the Araucárias Plateau. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo reconhecer a gênese da cobertura superficial da superfície geomorfológica VIII – Planalto das Araucárias, ambiente subtropical úmido. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram realizados levantamentos de campo e de laboratório. Em campo foram identificadas as propriedades macromorfológicas, como: cor, estrutura, consistência e textura, bem como coletadas amostras tanto para a análise granulométrica quanto químicas – macronutrientes, ataque sulfúrico, química analítica dos 10 principais óxidos por FRX, mineralogia por DRX, teores de ferro total, livre e amorfo. A cobertura estudada situada no ápice de colina suavemente convexa apresentou 9,05 metros de extensão sendo identificados os horizontes: Ap, Bw1, Bw2, BC, CB, C1, C2. As características físicas, dos macronutrientes e do ataque sulfurico indicam tratar-se de Latossolo Bruno Distroférrico Álico que se desenvolve a partir de material alóctone. Os valores de Fe livre, Fe amorfo e Fe total indicam cobertura superficial com estágio avançado de intemperismo, representando materiais com características iniciais de desenvolvimento laterítico. As razões Fed/Fet e (Fed – Feo)/ Fet corroboram para interpretação de se tratar de materiais alóctones no topo da cobertura superficial analisada. Os valores da química analítica indicam domínio geoquímico de hidrólise mais intenso em profundidade. A Presença de filossilicatos 2:1 – EHE e VHE, em quantidades relativamente maiores que os minerais do grupo 1:1 e com cristalinidade maior nos horizontes Bw2, BC e CB, indica que este material foi submetido a regime climático com períodos muito bem marcados de umedecimento e ressecamento, diferente do atual. Os materiais analisados ao longo do perfil de cobertura superficial representativa da superfície geomorfológica de Chapecó indicam gênese alóctone para o setor do solum e autóctone para a alterita, confirmando a atuação dos processos de esculturação do relevo relacionados a Etchplanação Dinâmica para o Planalto das Araucárias.

[pt] Os problemas de instabilidade de poços durante a perfuração, têm sido um tema de estudo e de interesse muito relevante na indústria, devido às consequências com as quais estão relacionados, por exemplo, o tempo perdido na operação e o consequente aumento de custo do projeto. Nos estudos de análise de estabilidade, com intuito de otimizar a perfuração do poço, normalmente eram assumidas propriedades isotrópicas do meio. Com o desenvolvimento da indústria do petróleo e as novas fronteiras exploratórias, faz-se necessário um estudo mais realista e aprofundado de estabilidade de poços. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a otimização da janela operacional, esta que por sua vez define os limites admissíveis de peso do fluido de perfuração, para que se mantenha a estabilidade do poço. Desta forma, foi desenvolvido um estudo numérico da distribuição de tensões e uma análise analítica para a verificação de falha ao redor do poço, no qual são consideradas as propriedades elásticas anisotrópicas além de critérios de falha na rocha intacta e no plano de fraqueza. Os softwares ABAQUS e MATLAB foram utilizados para a realização dos cálculos necessários no estudo. Os resultados das avaliações realizadas, mostram que a consideração da anisotropia (e de características do meio, como planos de fraqueza) é necessária em estudos deste tipo, pois dependendo do conjunto de propriedades analisadas, estas mostraram que a anisotropia possui um efeito significativo sobre os limites da janela operacional. / [en] Wells stability problems during drilling processes have been a subject of study and interest in the oil and gas industry due to its consequences, such as nonproductive times (NPTs), formation damage, Wells integrity and economic impacts. Isotropic properties in the formation usually had been assumed, however, it is necessary to define more realistic models to represent well stability. In this research, a numerical stress distribution and an analytical analysis have been proposed in order to calculate rock failure around the wellbore and optimize operative mud window, considering anisotropic elastic properties and failure criteria in the intact rock and in the plane of weakness. ABAQUS and MATLAB software were used to represent and solve the numerical-analytical model. The results presented in the assessment proved that the anisotropy consideration (including characteristics of the formation that can induce anisotropy, as plane of weakness) is necessary to be taken in count in this type of investigation because depending of the set of analyzed properties, the range of the operating mud weight window could significantly change.

Ph.D. / Petrographic, chemical and multiple sulfur isotope analyses were conducted on pyrite from argillaceous, arenaceous and rudaceous sedimentary rocks from the Mesoarchean Witwatersrand Supergroup. Following detailed petrographic analyses, four paragenetic associations of pyrite were identified. These include: 1) Detrital pyrite (derived from an existing rock via weathering and/or erosion). 2) Syngenetic pyrite (formed at the same time as the surrounding sediment). 3) Diagenetic pyrite (formed in the sediment before lithification and metamorphism). 4) Epigenetic pyrite (formed during metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration). It was found that the distribution of the pyrite varies with respect to the stratigraphic profile of the Witwatersrand Supergroup and depositional facies within the Witwatersrand depository. In this regard, the four paragenetic associations of pyrite are either scarce or absent in marine-dominated depositional environments, which occur in the lower parts of the succession and in geographically distal parts of the depository. Conversely, the four paragenetic associations are well represented in fluvial-dominated depositional environments, which occur in the middle and upper parts of the succession and in geographically proximal parts of the depository. However, it is worth noting that diagenetic pyrite in the West Rand Group occurs as in situ segregations in carbonaceous shale, whereas syngenetic and diagenetic pyrite in the Central Rand Group occurs as reworked and rounded fragments in fluvial quartz-pebble conglomerates. The strong association between fluvial depositional environments and sedimentary pyrite (syngenetic and diagenetic pyrite) infers a continental source of the sulfur (sulfide weathering or volcanic activity), whereas the lack of pyrite in marine depositional environments is consistent with the model of a sulfate-poor Archean ocean. The connection between epigenetic pyrite and the fluvial-dominated depofacies is probably related to the elevated concentrations of precursor sulfides (i.e., remobilization of syngenetic and early diagenetic pyrite) and the presence of organic carbon (conversion of metal-rich early diagenetic pyrite into pyrrhotite and base metal sulfides). In support of the petrographic observations above, it was found that the trace element chemistry of each paragenetic association of pyrite yields a distinctive set of chemical compositions and interelement variations (Co, Ni and As contents). Regarding detrital pyrite, two chemical populations can be distinguished according to grain size: 1) small grains (tens of μm’s) with high levels of metal substitution (up to wt. %) and interelement covariation and iv 2) large grains (>100 μm) with low levels of metal substitution (≤200 ppm). These two populations are thought to represent pyrite derived from sedimentary and metamorphosed source areas, respectively (see below). The trace element chemistry of diagenetic pyrite varies relative to the Fe-content of the host rock. Diagenetic pyrite from Fe-rich host rocks, such as magnetic mudstone and banded iron formation (BIF), generally contain low Ni contents (<500 ppm), moderate As contents (<1500 ppm) and relatively high Co contents (up to a few wt. %). Elevated concentrations of As probably reflect desorption of As from clays and Fe-oxyhydroxides during diagenetic phase transformations, whereas anomalous concentrations of Co are tentatively linked to the reductive dissolution of Mn-oxyhydroxides.

A traverse through the Balfour Formation was chosen in the area around the towns of Fort Beaufort and Alice in the Eastern Cape Province. The main objectives of the study were to map the lithological variations within the Balfour Formation and to distinguish it from the underlying Middleton Formation and the overlying Katberg Formation. A combined desktop, field and laboratory approach was used in this study. Aerial photographs, satellite images and digital topographical maps formed the basis of the desktop work. After desktop mapping, a number of field traverses were measured through the study area. Sedimentary structures were observed, photomosaics were done, stratigraphic sections were measured and samples were collected for thin sectioning, heavy mineral separation and major, trace and REE analysis. Sedimentological development of the Balfour Formation has been outlined in relation to its provenance during the Late Permian. Lithological variation of the Balfour Formation is characterised by alternating sandstone-dominated and mudstone-dominated members. Arenaceous Oudeberg and Barberskrans Members are contain facies ranging from intraformational conglomerates (Gmm), massive sandstones (Sm & Ss), horizontally laminated sandstones (Sh), planar and trough cross-bedded sandstones (Sp, Sl & St), trough cross-laminated sandstones (Sr) and fine-grained sediments (Fm & Fl), whereas the mudstone dominated members are characterised by the facies Fm and Fl. Lithofacies together with bedforms observed in the Balfour Formation were used in architecturalelement analysis. Sandstone–rich members are dominated by channel fill elements such as LS, DA, SB, LA and CH, whereas the fine-grained component consists of mainly, FF iii element. The mudstone-dominated members contain FF, CS and LV elements, with LA, SB and CH in the subordinate sandstones. Petrography, geochemistry and palaeocurrent analysis indicated that the source of the Balfour Formation was to the south-east and the rocks had a transitional/dissected magmatic arc signature. This led to the postulation of the Karoo Basin to have developed in a retro-arc foreland basin where there was supralithospheric loading in the Cape Fold Belt due to a compressional regime initiated by the subduction of Palaeo-Pacific plate underneath the Gondwana plate. The tectonic loading was episodic with eight major paroxysms affecting the Karoo Supergroup. The Balfour Formation coincides with the fourth paroxysm, this paroxysm in turn consists of two third-order paroxysm that initiated the deposition of the Oudeberg and Barberskrans Members in low sinuosity streams. Each paroxysm was followed by a period of quiescence and these resulted in the deposition of the Daggaboersnek, Elandsberg and Palingkloof Members in meandering streams. Depositional environments were determined mainly from the sedimentary structures and 3D architecture of the rock types. Sandstone rich members were formed by seasonal and ephemeral high energy low sinuous streams whereas the fine-grained rich members were formed by ephemeral meandering streams. Palaeoclimates have been equated to the present temperate climates; they were semi-arid becoming arid towards the top of the Balfour Formation. This has been determined geochemistry (CIA), sedimentary structures and other rock properties like colour.

A well preserved, fossiliferous Middle Triassic to Early Cretaceous section lies on the west side of Harrison Lake in the southern Coast Mountains. The study of this area involves a re-evaluation of the stratigraphic nomenclature first described by Crickmay (1925, 1930a) together with a lithologic description of the units and age determinations based on collected, identified and described fossils by the writer. Discussions on the biostratigraphy, paleogeography, regional correlations and structure of the thesis area and an overview of the regional tectonics of southwestern British Columbia and northwestern Washington, help to better understand the relation of this Mesozoic section to other rock assemblages in this geologically complex region. The oldest unit, the Middle Triassic Camp Cove Formation, comprises conglomeratic sandstone, siltstone and minor volcanic rock. Unconformable7 overlying this unit is the Toarcian to Early(?) Bajocian Harrison Lake Formation, divided into four distinct members by the writer, Celia Cove Member (basal conglomerate), West Road Member (siltstone, shale), Weaver Lake Member (flows, pyroclastic rocks, minor sediments) and Echo Island Member (interbedded tuff, siltstone, sandstone). Thickness of this formation is estimated at 3000 m. A hiatus probably is present between this unit and overlying shale, siltstone and sandstone of the Early Callovian Mysterious Creek Formation which is 700 m thick. Conformably above this are 230 m of sandstone and volcaniclastic rock of the Early Oxfordian Billhook Creek Formation. Late Jurassic fluvial conglomerate, sandstone and siltstone of the Kent Formation, perhaps 1000 m thick south of Harrison River, unconformably(?) overlies the last two units mentioned. Berriasian to Valanginian conglomerate and sandstone, 218 m thick, of the Peninsula Formation overlies the Billhook Creek Formation with slight angular unconformity. The Peninsula Formation is conformably overlain by tuffaceous sandstone, volcanic conglomerate, crystal tuff and flows of the Valanginian to Middle Albian Brokenback Hill Formation which is several km thick. Nine Jurassic ammonite genera are identified and described in this report. Triassic radiolaria and conpdonts and Cretaceous ammonites and bivalves are also present in the section. The most significant structure in the thesis area is the post-Albian to pre-Late Eocene Harrison Fault which strikes north-northwest through Harrison Lake, separating the Mesozoic section along the west side from the northern extension of the Cascade Metamorphic Core on the east side of the lake. A strong sub-horizontal stretching lineation within the fault zone may indicate right-lateral strike-slip movement. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Spacecraft formation flying refers to the coordinated operation of a group of spacecraft with a common objective. While the concept has been in existence for a long time, practical fruition of the ideas was not possible earlier due to technological limitations. The topic has received widespread attention in the last decade, with the development of autonomous control, improved computational facilities and better communication technology. It allows a number of small, lightweight, economical spacecraft to work together to execute the function of a larger, heavier, more complex and expensive spacecraft. The primary advantage of such systems is that they are flexible, modular, and cost-effective.<div><br></div><div>The flexibility of formation flying and other derived concepts comes from the fact that the units are not physically attached, allowing them to change position or orientation when the need arises. To fully realize this possibility, it is important to develop methods for spatial reorganization. This thesis is an attempt to contribute to this development. </div><div><br></div><div>In this thesis, the reconfiguration problem has been formulated as a single system with multiple inputs and multiple outputs, while preserving the individuality of the agents to a certain degree. The agents are able to communicate with their neighbors by sharing information. In this framework, a distributed closed-loop stabilizing controller has been developed, that would drive the spacecraft formation to a target shape. An expression for the controller gain as a function of the graph Laplacian eigenvalues has also been derived. The practical applications of this work have been demonstrated through simulations</div>

The aim of this essay is to investigate the physical aspects in and around inner courtyards, as well as the use of them, in the city district of Ålidhem in Umeå. Ålidhem was built as part of “the million programme” in Sweden in the 1960’s and 70’s and present an example of how these large courtyard areas can function in this aspect. The essay will be centred around four themes, namely size, primary and secondary delimitation, belonging and activities. The form of the courtyards, their contents and their immediate surroundings will be investigated through eight example-courtyards in a field study from the district in question, as well as from the residents' point of view. The residents' answers were gathered through a questionnaire, that also examines how the residents view and use their closest courtyard in addition to the physical aspects. On top of this a shorter analysis of social activities in these types of areas will be examined, as a part of the concept of “life between buildings”. The results of this study find several connections to theories about how inner courtyards are framed by, among others, buildings, and how this affects residents view and use of them.

Mickey Springs in the Alvord Desert, southeast Oregon, is analogous to other Basin and Range hydrothermal systems where the requisite conditions of heat source and permeable pathways are met through crustal thinning due to normal faulting. This study examines the morphology and lifespan of near-surface spring features through use of ground penetrating radar, thermoluminescence (TL) dating, and elevation modeling. Duration of hydrothermal activity at Mickey Springs has not previously been determined, and age determinations of sinter at the site are conflicting. The reason for and timing of this change in silica saturation in the hydrothermal fluid has not been resolved. Three morphologies of silica sinter deposition have been identified at Mickey Springs. These are (1) well-sorted, fine-grained sandstone with ripple marks, cross beds and preserved root casts, to poorly-sorted conglomerate of primarily basalt clasts, both cemented by coeval silica deposition, (2) large depressions (12-32 m diameter) rimmed with sinter, characterized by fine silt and clay blanketing a sinter apron and infilling the central depression, and (3) quaquaversal sinter mounds identified by outcropping pool-edge sinter typically surrounding a shallow depression of loose sediment. Silica-cemented sandstone and conglomerate were the first features formed by coeval hydrothermal processes at the site, and were emplaced prior to 30 kya as suggested by structural and stratigraphic relationships. Structure between two interacting fault tips may have constrained the extent of silica cementation. By 30 kya, a left-stepping fault oriented roughly north/south further constrained the near-surface permeable zone. TL dates from sediment stratigraphically below and above sinter aprons around mounds and depressions (former spring vents) indicate sinter deposition between 30 and 20 kya. Location of these features was dictated by development of the left-stepping fault. As pluvial Lake Alvord filled at the end of the Pleistocene, lake sediment filled most vents, which were largely inactive, with fine-grained silt and clay. Today, hydrothermal activity persists in two modes: (1) The current high-temperature springs, steam vents and mudpots concentrated in a 50 x 50 m area south of the sinter mounds and depressions, and (2) scattered springs and steam vents that exploit previous permeable pathways that once provided the hydrothermal fluid which precipitated the sinter aprons. Currently there is no active silica sinter deposition at Mickey Springs. Structures and stratigraphic relationships identified through this study favor a transport-limited and structurally controlled model of fluid transport. Sinter deposition is determined to have occurred before the most recent highstand of pluvial Lake Alvord. A climate driven model, where groundwater recharge from pluvial Lake Alvord circulates to a deep heat source and enhances spring discharge, is not supported by these findings, as no evidence was found for sinter precipitation after the drying of the lake. Future studies of other hydrothermal systems in the Basin and Range may reveal that permeable pathways along local structures are the primary drivers in this region.

Uppermost Lance and lowermost Fort Union Formation sediments are found in outcrop in the southern portion of the Jim Bridger coal field, located on the northeast flank of the Rock Springs Uplift in Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Twenty-nine surface sections and 581 subsurface (borehole) sections were evaluated and used to construct a stratigraphic model. Stratigraphic correlations with economically mineable coal seams in the Fort Union Formation north and south of the study area combined with definition of questionable local formational boundary locations are significant objectives in this investigation.

This research presents the daily life experience of the Kuwaiti Bidun people after migration to Sweden and tries to understand how they view their sense of belonging and how they deal with the emergence of new identity formations in their everyday life practices. By taking a closer look at the different modes of belonging and new identity formations in the process of migration for the Biduns, I will analyze how new interactions, new engagements, irregularity and postcolonial roots shape sense of belonging and new identity formations. By using a postcolonial perspective, I will answer the question of how the Bidun’s Bidunness identity experience the sense of belonging and the emergence of new identity formations after migration to Sweden. By conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews with a selected group of the Biduns living in Malmö this thesis aims to understand Bidun’s feelings of sense of belonging and emergence of new identity formations through their eyes. The thesis shed light on the way Bidunness identity represents itself in connections with its previous interactions and the way it experiences a sense of belonging when confronting with its other.