Thesis (M. Cl. D.)--University of Western Ontario, 1996. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Stockholms universitet. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 233-239).

Thesis (M. Cl. D.)--University of Western Ontario, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 239 p. : ill. (some col.), map (part col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

An ecosystem study, based on the concept and approach of biogeoclimatology (sensu the Krajina school of ecosystem classification), was conducted in the boreal forest of northeastern British Columbia in the Fort Nelson area. The prime purpose of this study was to produce an ecological classification of forested ecosystems of the area. The resulting classification was based on an analysis of as many environmental and vegetational characteristics as feasible. Interpretations of the environmental and vegetational analyses presented attempt to explain the factors which conspicuously contribute to ecosystem processes and development. The vegetation from 95 phytogeocoenotic plots was classified into 6 orders, 10 alliances and 15 associations and the soils were classified into 17 subgroups, some with their gleyed variations. Detailed soil analysis and descriptions are major components of the ecosystem descriptions. The ecosystems are summarized environmentally by their projection on an eda-topic grid of moisture and nutrient regimes. An elemental ash analysis was carried out on surface organic horizons. Ca and Mg content appear to be good indicators of the positions that ecosystems occupy on the edatopic grid. Additionally, mor humus of black spruce ecosystems was compared with moder humus of aspen ecosystems. It is confirmed that moder humus has properties which are more conducive to high biological activity than does mor humus. It is concluded that the cold boreal climate , flatness of the terrain, prevailingly fine textured soil parent material, and fairly frequent forest fires are the dominant environmental factors influencing ecosystem structure and dynamics in the study area. The fine texture of the parent material frequently causes very slow percolation of water through soils which produces semi-stagnant water conditions instead of the rich seepage sites of more easily drained materials in other areas. Sufficient moisture is retained in these fine textured soils to prevent xeric conditions from developing, even in shedding topographic positions. The cold temperatures reduce biological activity, of the area to the point where nutrient poor, mor humus conditions develop. Mor humus promotes degradation of soils. However, this process is greatly inhibited by frequent forest fires. These fires maintain aspen stands as a fire climax which retards the development of strong acidity, so characteristic in mor humus of black spruce stands (the theoretical climatic climax). The general flatness of the terrain results in poor drainage of the area and favours the development of bogs. In high moors, a permafrost layer consistently occurs. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Graduate

This study evaluated the relative association of socioeconomic, minority group and housing characteristics of census tracts with the racial composition of residential areas within one southwestern city between 1950 and 1980. The unit of analysis was the census tract; the data were taken from the U.S. Census of Population and Housing 1950-1980 for the Fort Worth, Texas SMSAs. The Index of Dissimilarity compared racial segregation in the Fort Worth urbanized area for blacks with all others (1950-1980) and for Spanish and non-black minorities with all others (1960-1980). The data show little change in the extent of residential segregation over 30 years. The multiple regression showed that the degree of segregation in census tracts became increasingly predictable based on past minority concentration in the same neighborhood. Lagged social status and minority group variables significantly predicted the percent of the population that was black or Spanish in census tracts ten years later. Beta weights for percent black or percent Spanish were always the strongest in each tract regression and largely determined the level of segregation that existed in tracts ten years later. This paper asserts that social status characteristics must approach more equal levels between minority and majority groups before integrated neighborhoods can reasonably be expected. Yet many of these variables are still highly associated with black and Spanish areas. Rising income and improved housing in black census tracts give some basis for believing that in time these variables will narrow sufficiently to give more choice in residential housing. Although Spanish tracts are only about 65% as segregated as black census tracts and although the association of the variables with Spanish residential areas are never as strong as with black census tracts, still, with increased Spanish immigration in recent years and the downward trend found in social status factors within areas of Spanish concentration, Spanish residential areas may face increasing risks of greater segregation. It is recommended that emphasis on educational attainment and occupational training be continued, possibly augmented with civic programs designed to facilitate movement away from dynamic clustering.

In this dissertation, I investigate the function of the Roman army in the Negev. Evidence from archaeological survey and excavations of thirty-nine structures reveals that for 700 years Roman sites were situated to serve trade networks. Negev trade goods included frankincense, myrrh, spices, cassia, and silk - the epitome of luxury items in the Roman world. The importation, distribution, and taxation of these goods provided the imperial treasury with a steady revenue stream. Military units monitored road systems, secured supply lines, and performed local policing duties functioning, in effect, as agents of imperial administration. I begin with the period immediately prior to Roman annexation, when the Negev was home to Nabataean traders. This phase (1st c. BCE-1st c. CE) ended with the formation of the province of Arabia, a move likely inspired by the need for new revenue on account of the enormous outlays required by Trajan's Dacian wars. For the next 200 years, the Romans maintained the preexisting Nabataean network. In the early fourth century C.E., about half of the established Roman sites were abandoned and new ones were built along a new route - not as a reaction to localized threats but instead to support more efficient sea-borne trade via Aila, on the Red Sea. In the fifth century nomadic tribes began to cause serious security problems. In response new infantry and cavalry units were posted to the region, but were stationed in existing forts so as to maintain the continued security of the trade networks. In the Negev, the Roman military acted as an extension of imperial administration to support the smooth functioning of trade. The results clarify ancient historical references to the Limes Palaestinae, a term that modern scholars have understood to refer to a militarized defensive line on the Negev frontier. The distribution patterns that I found do not support a military interpretation, either of a defensive strategy or an internal frontier. Rather, the region remained structured around long established Nabataean-era road networks that were used to transport luxury commodities. In the Negev, the Roman army facilitated imperial interests for economic, rather than military, security. / 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z

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It is the purpose of this thesis to acquaint the reader with the various systems, materials, and people who produce the art , in order to evaluate it and to pass on the results of its research to others who may find it useful in acquainting themselves with the advertising field.

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