A pesquisa aborda problemas de recalques que vem ocorrendo na Cidade de Santos desde o início dos anos 40, devido à implantação de edifícios sob fundação direta. O trabalho destaca o Bairro da Ponta da Praia, onde os recalques ocorridos, principalmente os diferencias, foram bem menores que no restante da orla, e a região entre os canais três e seis, denominado pela autora Faixa Crítica, onde estão concentrados diversos edifícios inclinados ao longo da orla. Foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica envolvendo aspectos históricos, geológicos e geotécnicos sobre a cidade de Santos e os principais fatores que a tornaram tão conhecida pelos edifícios tortos ao longo de sua orla. Nessa revisão, apresentaram-se dados sobre o subsolo de Santos, no contexto mais geral dos solos, a Baixada Santista. Foram reapresentados dados de alguns edifícios bastante recalcados e conhecidos na cidade e analisados métodos existentes para estabilização de recalques; alguns casos de aplicação foram relatados. Os estudos foram baseados em uma grande quantidade de sondagens de simples reconhecimento coletadas na cidade; alguns ensaios do cone, CPT e CPTU, também foram analisados. Foi feita uma comparação entre as duas regiões Ponta da Praia e Faixa Crítica, mostrando as diferenças nas espessuras e nas propriedades geotécnicas das camadas de areia superficial. Foram feitos também cálculos para a previsão de recalques no bairro da Ponta da Praia e na Faixa Crítica, levando-se em conta os mecanismos de sobreadensamento das argilas da Baixada Santista e diferenças nas espessuras da camada de areia superficial. Com a análise das sondagens coletadas foi possível responder alguns questionamentos sobre o perfil geotécnico da Orla de Santos, traçar o perfil geotécnico da orla do bairro da Ponta da Praia e traçar seções no sentido transversal à orla, (praia-centro). / The research concerns settlement issues occurring in the city of Santos since the 40s because of the building construction under shallow foundation. The work emphasizes the neighborhood called Ponta da Praia where the settlements mainly the differentials, have been slighter than the rest of the seashore, and the region between the channels three and six, named by the author the Critical Strip several inclined buildings are concentrated along the seashore. A bibliographic revision has been made involving historical, geological and geotechnical aspects about the city of Santos and the mainly facts which became the city well-known due to the inclined buildings along the seashore. The revision presented specific geotechnical data about the Santos subsoil, in the general context the Santos Coastal Plain, named Baixada Santista. Settlement data of some inclined buildings where also presented and current plumbing methods were evaluated and some application cases were reported. The studies were based in a large amount of borings (SPT) executed in the city; and a couple of CPT and CPTU were analyzed. The differences between Ponta da Praia and the Critical Strip were pointed out related to the upper sand layer thickness as well as its geotechnical properties. Also computations were made for the evaluation of settlement in the neighborhood Ponta da Praia an in the Critical Strip taking into account the known clay overconsolidation mechanisms in the Baixada Santista and differences in upper sand layer thickness. With the boring analyses it was possible to answer some questions about the existing geotechnical section of the neighborhood Ponta da Praia and to sketch cross-sections transverse to the seashore (beach city center).

A pesquisa aborda problemas de recalques que vem ocorrendo na Cidade de Santos desde o início dos anos 40, devido à implantação de edifícios sob fundação direta. O trabalho destaca o Bairro da Ponta da Praia, onde os recalques ocorridos, principalmente os diferencias, foram bem menores que no restante da orla, e a região entre os canais três e seis, denominado pela autora Faixa Crítica, onde estão concentrados diversos edifícios inclinados ao longo da orla. Foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica envolvendo aspectos históricos, geológicos e geotécnicos sobre a cidade de Santos e os principais fatores que a tornaram tão conhecida pelos edifícios tortos ao longo de sua orla. Nessa revisão, apresentaram-se dados sobre o subsolo de Santos, no contexto mais geral dos solos, a Baixada Santista. Foram reapresentados dados de alguns edifícios bastante recalcados e conhecidos na cidade e analisados métodos existentes para estabilização de recalques; alguns casos de aplicação foram relatados. Os estudos foram baseados em uma grande quantidade de sondagens de simples reconhecimento coletadas na cidade; alguns ensaios do cone, CPT e CPTU, também foram analisados. Foi feita uma comparação entre as duas regiões Ponta da Praia e Faixa Crítica, mostrando as diferenças nas espessuras e nas propriedades geotécnicas das camadas de areia superficial. Foram feitos também cálculos para a previsão de recalques no bairro da Ponta da Praia e na Faixa Crítica, levando-se em conta os mecanismos de sobreadensamento das argilas da Baixada Santista e diferenças nas espessuras da camada de areia superficial. Com a análise das sondagens coletadas foi possível responder alguns questionamentos sobre o perfil geotécnico da Orla de Santos, traçar o perfil geotécnico da orla do bairro da Ponta da Praia e traçar seções no sentido transversal à orla, (praia-centro). / The research concerns settlement issues occurring in the city of Santos since the 40s because of the building construction under shallow foundation. The work emphasizes the neighborhood called Ponta da Praia where the settlements mainly the differentials, have been slighter than the rest of the seashore, and the region between the channels three and six, named by the author the Critical Strip several inclined buildings are concentrated along the seashore. A bibliographic revision has been made involving historical, geological and geotechnical aspects about the city of Santos and the mainly facts which became the city well-known due to the inclined buildings along the seashore. The revision presented specific geotechnical data about the Santos subsoil, in the general context the Santos Coastal Plain, named Baixada Santista. Settlement data of some inclined buildings where also presented and current plumbing methods were evaluated and some application cases were reported. The studies were based in a large amount of borings (SPT) executed in the city; and a couple of CPT and CPTU were analyzed. The differences between Ponta da Praia and the Critical Strip were pointed out related to the upper sand layer thickness as well as its geotechnical properties. Also computations were made for the evaluation of settlement in the neighborhood Ponta da Praia an in the Critical Strip taking into account the known clay overconsolidation mechanisms in the Baixada Santista and differences in upper sand layer thickness. With the boring analyses it was possible to answer some questions about the existing geotechnical section of the neighborhood Ponta da Praia and to sketch cross-sections transverse to the seashore (beach city center).

Automated warehouses are frequently used within the industry. SQL databases are often used for storing various kinds of information about stored items, including their physical positions in the warehouse with respect to X, Y and Z positions. Benefits of this includes savings in working time, optimization of storage capability and – most of all – increased employee safety. IT services company Sogeti’s office in Karlstad has been looking into a project on behalf of one of their customers to implement this kind of automated warehouse. In the pilot study of this project, ideas of a three-dimensional graphic visualization of the warehouse and its stored contents have come up. This kind of tool would give a warehouse operator a clear overview of what is currently in store, as well as quick access to various pieces of information about each and every item in store. Also, in a wider perspective, other types of warehouses and storage areas could benefit from this kind of tool. During the course of this project, a graphical visualization tool for this purpose was developed, resulting in a product that met a significant part of the initial requirements.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Oregon, 2000. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-206).

The dissertation examines the Texas Foundation School Program (FSP) empirically to determine its effectiveness in meeting state constitutional requirements and legislative policy goals. Three research questions guided this study, two of which focused on the relationship between campus-level expenditures and standardized test performance, while the third analyzed the influence of a district’s property wealth designation on its respective accountability rating. Longitudinal Texas Academic Excellence Indicator System data, consisting of selected academic performance indicators and funding components, was collected from the Texas Education Agency. Approximately 7,000 campuses and 1,050 districts per year of study comprised this data. Ordinary least squares multiple regressions and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of campus expenditures, campus standardized testing performance, and district academic accountability ratings. After examining the FSP and its funding components empirically, evidence suggests that while campus-level funding components positively predict the ability of a campus to spend, they do not predict campus academic performance. Key campus funding components, such as compensatory education and special education, do not appear to be funded at appropriate levels to contribute to positive performance outcomes. If vertical equity is important, then the FSP appears to have the conceptual structure, but not the funding levels, in place to contribute to positive academic outcomes at the campus level. Data also suggests that a district’s wealth designation is not a significant predictor of accountability ratings. Though property wealth plays a key role in determining district revenue and expenditures, it does not appear to influence Texas accountability ratings to the same extent.

Due to an increase in environmental consciousness in the construction industry there has been increasing interest in using natural building materials like rammed earth construction, straw bale construction and hempcrete construction. These materials have very small embodied energy and are carbon negative or carbon neutral. Hempcrete is a bio-composite mix made up of hemp shive, lime, cement and water. There has been extensive research undertaken on the thermal, acoustic, and mechanical properties of hempcrete. It has low density, good thermal and acoustic insulation properties, and can passively regulate humidity in a built environment. However it also has low compressive strength and modulus of elasticity. Thus hempcrete cannot be used as a direct load bearing material but can used as an infill material in timber stud walls. This thesis investigates how hempcrete can have beneficial structural effects by preventing buckling of timber (increasing the buckling load) columns when used as an infill in between columns in a timber stud wall. Eight timber walls were constructed (both half scale -1200mm high; and full scale – up to 2133mm high) with varying column dimensions. Six of the walls were infilled with hempcrete of varying density. Two walls were not infilled and were baseline tests. All walls were tested in compression. It was found that high density hempcrete (715 kg/m3) not only prevented weak axis buckling of columns but also carried some direct load. Low density hempcrete was also successful in preventing weak axis buckling of the infilled walls. In-filled walls failed in strong axis buckling at a load twice (for half scale walls with 38x89mm columns) or 4 times(full scale walls with 38x235mm columns) that of the unfilled walls. An analytical model based on buckling of a strut on an elastic foundation was proposed to predict the maximum strength hempcrete can add to a wall by preventing buckling. The timber column strength equations from CSA –O86-01 closely predicted the buckling load of the walls from the experiments. The results from the model were also put in design equations from CSA –O86-01 to predict practical failure loads if the walls failed by buckling into hempcrete. Although only a single test result was available, it was in good agreement with the model predictions. / Thesis (Master, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-01-30 21:18:13.842

Time and structure; expectation and construction; landscape and architecture; history and myth. The foundation is a joint which carries extraordinary potential to speak of the cultures that built it. This text tells stories about three cultures whose identities are interwoven with their foundation-building. Tracing a path among the distinct ways in which they found, it values the foundation as a marker between anticipating and making in the architectural process; an ambiguous joint between land and building; an invisible structure of the surfaces we touch; and an indicator of an attitude towards time. The narrative begins in Rome and concludes in the James Bay Lowlands of Northern Canada. Both indigenous cultures represent extremes in notions of ???foundation???: Rome???s tufa block substructures have borne buildings stratified over millennia; while the subarctic Omushkego Cree have traditionally had no permanent foundations, their building traces perceived in subtle differences of soil composition. A third base in the Netherlands is both a fulcrum and foil, as the nation???s diverse local and large-scale strategies negotiate heavy and light building traditions, and offer another distinct set of considerations in preparing ground. The aim of this book is two-fold. Firstly, it is to restore the foundation to the purview of the architect. Groundwork is more than a technical puzzle: it is also a deeply imaginative act. Secondly, this text seeks to understand why cultures found the way they do, and to give consideration to the unique inheritances offered by diverse foundation-building traditions.

No description available.

The research presented in this thesis focuses on the quantification of the effect of limited site investigations on the design and performance of pile foundations. Limited site investigation is one of the main causes of structural foundation failures. Over the last 30 years, most site investigations conducted for infrastructure projects have been dictated by minimum cost and time of completion, rather than meeting the need to appropriately characterise soil properties (Institution of Civil Engineers 1991; Jaksa et al. 2003). As a result, limited site investigations remain common, resulting in a higher risk of structural foundation failure, unforeseen additional construction, and/or repair costs. Also, limited site investigations can result in over-designing foundations, leading to increased and unnecessary cost (ASFE 1996). Based on the reliability examination method for site investigations introduced by Jaksa et al. (2003) and performed by Goldsworthy (2006), this research investigated the effect of limited site investigations on the design of pile foundations. This was achieved by generating three-dimensional random fields to obtain a virtual site consisting of soil properties at certain levels of variability, and by simulating various numbers of cone penetration tests (CPTs) and pile foundations on the generated site. Once the site and the CPTs were simulated, the cone tip resistance (qc) was profiled along the vertical and horizontal axes. The simulated qc profiles yielded by the CPTs were then used to compute axial pile load capacity termed the pile foundation design based on site investigations (SI). In parallel, the axial pile load capacity of the simulated pile foundation utilising the “true” cone tip resistance along the simulated pile was also determined. This is termed “the true” design, or the benchmark pile foundation design, and referred to as pile foundation design based on complete knowledge (CK). At the end of this process, the research compared the pile foundation designs based on SI and those based on CK. The reliability of the foundation design based on SI was analysed with a probabilistic approach, using the Monte Carlo technique. The results indicated that limited site investigations have a significant impact on the design of pile foundations. The results showed that minimum sampling efforts result in a high risk of over- or under-designing piles. More intensive sampling efforts, in contrast, led to a low risk of under- or over-design. The results also indicated that the levels of spatial variability of the soil are notable factors that affect the effectiveness of site investigations. These results will assist geotechnical engineers in planning a site investigation in a more rational manner with knowledge of the associated risks. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1375097 / Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.) - University of Adelaide, School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, 2009