The diploma thesis with the competency framework for head teachers, aims to examine and describe which partial competencies and spheres of competencies are important for primary school head teachers, and whether the founders of the schools are familiar with their opinions. The study is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The first chapter of the thesis deals with competencies, illuminates development of the term's usage in the Czech environment, and delineates the two primary levels of the concept - competency as an authority and competency as a set of knowledge, skills, experience etc. The second chapter explores competencies of the founders and their relationship with primary school head teachers. In this case, founders are represented by public authorities such as communities, community unions, or city districts. This chapter clarifies the concept of competency as a formal power/authority to make a decision and take responsibility in specific cases. The third chapter deals with competencies of primary school head teachers on both of the aforementioned levels. The chapter also presents the Czech competency framework for head teachers and compares it to its foreign equivalents. The biggest part of this chapter is dedicated to an analysis of partial competencies and spheres of competencies as...

Submitted by Eunice Novais (enovais@uepg.br) on 2018-04-25T18:05:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Michelli Sieklicki.pdf: 1236462 bytes, checksum: de51a11749361af8058466a0d8ddcb71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-25T18:05:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Michelli Sieklicki.pdf: 1236462 bytes, checksum: de51a11749361af8058466a0d8ddcb71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estrutura populacional e endogâmica dos rebanhos da raça Holandesa no estado do Paraná, a fim de verificar o processo de distribuição dos genes entre os animais ao longo dos anos. Os dados utilizados foram fornecidos pela Associação Paranaense dos Criadores da Raça Holandesa – APCBRH, com arquivo de pedigree de 206.796 animais, nascidos entre 1970 a 2014. Foram obtidos resultados para integridade do pedigree, pedigree completo, número efetivo de fundadores (fe) e número efetivo de ancestrais (fa), intervalo de gerações (IG), coeficiente de endogamia (F), tamanho efetivo de população (Ne), coeficiente médio de relação (CR) e número de progênies por reprodutor. Para o cálculo dos parâmetros populacionais e endogamia foram utilizados os softwares POPREP e ENDOG v.4.5. Com base no conjunto de dados, o pedigree completo apresentou animais com parentesco conhecido até a sexta geração. O intervalo de geração médio na população foi de 6,3 anos. Para o coeficiente médio de endogamia o resultado foi de 4,99%. Ne variou durante os períodos, variando de 22 a 114, enquanto a taxa de endogamia existente nestes mesmos períodos mostrou uma tendência decrescente nos últimos anos até 2014. Para o resultado de CR foi estimado em 0,71%. O número efetivo de fundadores (fe) foi de 418 animais e ancestrais (fa) foram 400 animais. Adicionalmente, foram identificados os reprodutores com maior número de progênies na população. De acordo com o nível de endogamia apresentado, pôde-se observar que disseminação do material genético dos principais reprodutores entre as gerações, resultou em bons indicadores de diversidade genética, o que permitiu propiciar uma boa estruturação genética dos rebanhos, facilitando a condução dos programas de seleção genética da raça, no referido estado. / The objective of the present study was to evaluate the population structure and inbreeding of Holstein herds in the state of Paraná. The data used were provided by the Holstein Association of Paraná (APCBRH), which included a pedigree file of 206,796 animals born between 1970 and 2014. Results were obtained pertaining to pedigree integrity, complete pedigree, effective number of founders (f) and effective number of ancestors (fa), generation interval (GI), inbreeding coefficient (F), size effective population (Ne), mean ratio coefficient (CR), and number of progenies per breeder. The POPREP and ENDOG v.4.5 software were used to calculate the relevant population parameters and inbreeding. Based on the data set, the pedigree completeness presented animals with known relationship up to a sixth generation. The mean generation interval in the population was 6.3 years. For the average inbreeding coefficient, the result was 4.99%. Ne varied during the periods, ranging from 22 to 114, while the rate of inbreeding in these same periods showed a decreasing trend in the last years until 2014. The CR was estimated to be 0.71%. The effective number of founders (fe) was 418 animals and ancestors (fa) were 400 animals. In addition, the reproducers with the highest number of progenies in the population were identified. According to the level of inbreeding presented, it was observed that the dissemination of the genetic material of the main breeders between the generations, resulted in good indicators of genetic diversity, which allowed to propitiate a good genetic structuring of the herds, facilitating the conduction of the breeding programs genetic selection of the breed in the said state.

Emerging economies and the behaviour of firms domiciled in these markets is beginning to develop as a research area; yet little empirical work exists (Bruton, Ahlstrom, & Obloj, 2008; Hoskisson, Eden, Lau, & Wright, 2000; Meyer & Peng, 2005; Peng, Wang, & Jiang, 2008; Wright, Filatotchev, Hoskisson, & Peng, 2005). An extensive and critical review of the literature revealed that there was limited research that focused on the internationalisation of emerging economy firms to other emerging and developed economies. In order to address this clear gap in our understanding, the broad research problem that this thesis sets out to investigate is ‘how do institutions, organisational governance and managerial intentionality effect the internationalisation of smaller Indian firms’? It is argued that in order for research in strategy to make a lasting contribution, there is a need to contemplate whether the theories and methodologies developed in primarily mature and developed economies are applicable to the emerging economy context (Wright et al., 2005). In addressing this concern, this study draws on institutional theory, transaction cost theory, the resource-based view and aspects of the organisational capabilities perspective in order to understand the internationalisation of smaller Indian firms. In particular, the aim of this research was to understand the effect of institutions (Research Question One), organisational governance (Research Question Two) and the moderating effect of managerial intentionality (Research Question Three) on the internationalisation of smaller Indian firms. India was chosen as the context for the study due to its rapid growth in recent years which places it among the four big emerging economies of the world (Wilson & Purushothaman, 2003). The relatively recent liberalisation of the Indian economy in 1991 provides an interesting context within which to study the internationalisation behaviour of firms. Prior to its liberalisation India adopted what was known as an inward-focused, socialist-style, economic framework (Wilson & Keim, 2006). The liberalisation of the Indian economy has increased the country’s trade linkages with other emerging and developed countries, yet little research has been conducted on the internationalisation of Indian firms (Peng et al., 2008; Wright et al., 2005). Further, India’s linguistic distance but geographic closeness to emerging markets, yet western Commonwealth past and geographic distance to developed markets makes it a unique context. The research methodology adopted in this study entailed a qualitative design conducted through multiple case studies. The case study firms comprised four smaller manufacturing and four smaller service firms. Cases for the study were selected theoretically (Eisenhardt, 1989) using intensity sampling, snowball sampling, criterion sampling and opportunistic sampling techniques (Patton, 1990). To determine the size of the firms, the definition proposed by the Government of India was used. One key growth region in India was chosen due to the institutional diversity in India. Bangalore was chosen as it is considered a high growth region of the country that is well reputed for its service sector, as well as a competitive manufacturing sector (Ahya, Xie, Roach, Sheth, & Yam, 2006). The adoption of a multiple case study design facilitated an aggregated cross-case analysis. The data was collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with senior management in the selected case study firms. In addition, documentary evidence was collected through newspaper articles, information from trade journals and information from the company websites. The interviews were guided by an interview protocol and a case study database was created for each firm in order to increase the reliability and validity of the data. The data was coded using NVivo (version 7) and analysed using the ‘template approach’ (Crabtree & Miller, 1999). To date, literature originating out of mature markets has regarded institutions as background information due to the stability and maturity of institutions in these markets (Ingram & Silverman, 2002). However, when studied in an emerging market context, the role of institutions is argued to be pushed to the forefront of strategy research due to its relative underdevelopment (Meyer & Peng, 2005). This study used Scott’s (1995) three institutional pillars (regulative, normative and cognitive) to gain an institution-based view of the business strategies pursued by the smaller Indian firms (Peng et al., 2008). The findings highlighted regulatory institutional influences at the home country, host country and trade policy levels. The findings from this study shed light on the notion of institutional entrepreneurship, thereby extending institutional theory to take into account the strategic behaviour of firms. The findings further emphasised the need to gain legitimacy in international markets as a means to gain access to resources and overcome the liabilities of foreignness and newness. In doing so, the findings from this study extended Mathews’ (2006) ‘linkage, leverage and learning’ strategy to a ‘linkage, leverage, learning and legitimising’ strategy. Next, the findings from Research Question One extended the U-Model of internationalisation to highlight the importance of domestic market experience when gained in an institutionally complex market such as India. Finally, the findings highlighted the interaction between the path-dependent experience of the founders and the various dimensions of their managerial intentionality in managing the institutional influences on the firm. In studying organisational governance decisions (Research Question Two), transaction cost theory was used as the key conceptual perspective. This study used Williamson’s (1975) governance continuum to understand the organisational governance decisions of smaller Indian firms. Interestingly, the findings emphasised a move away from the narrow comparative-efficiency framework developed by Williamson (1975), towards a more eclectic understanding of the effect of transaction costs. The findings highlighted the choice of governance modes not as discrete designs, but as those that overlap as a result of being influenced by institutions, the experience of the firm with a particular mode, the propensity to trust, the constraints on firm behaviour, the managerial intentionality of the founders and the need to gain local knowledge from network partners. In adopting this broader perspective, the findings addressed the call by Madhok (1997) to understand the choice of governance modes from more than a cost minimisation perspective. Hutzschenreuter, Pedersen and Volberda (2007) suggested that the role of managerial discretion to date is downplayed in existing IB literature and hence called for research to focus on the role of managerial intent in the strategies of established multinationals rather than on the process of ‘becoming a multinational’. Research Question Three highlighted the moderating effect of managerial intentionality in managing the institutional influences and governance decisions of the firm. This study extended Hutzschenreuter et al.’s (2007) conceptualisation of managerial intentionality by emphasising the resilience as well as the reluctance of the founders (due to past experiences) as important in the emerging economy context. This study has practical implications for the case study firms as well as for potential entrants into India. Firstly, for the case study firms it is important to develop clear internationalisation strategies (as opposed to a reactive approach) due to the increasing competition both locally and internationally. Second, for the manufacturing firms, it is important to move beyond their pure low cost advantage. Partnering with other companies to leverage their resources and capabilities in international markets is one possibility. Third, for these firms to remain globally competitive, the sourcing of international talent is likely to increase their legitimacy and reduce their liability of foreignness. Finally, the continued liberalisation of the Indian economy has made it an attractive destination for foreign firms. While the case study companies have recognised the opportunities overseas, they should not ignore their domestic market where they enjoy a ‘home court advantage’. For potential entrants into India, it is important to recognise the potential competitive advantage that local incumbents have with regard to the environment. Second, foreign firms entering India and competing with smaller players need to understand the subtleties of the market and tailor their strategies to meet local needs. Finally, while this study has made contributions to the field, the findings must be interpreted in light of the limitations of the study. First, this study focused on one key big emerging market; India. Further, within India only one key region was examined. The findings reflect the business strategies by firms domiciled in Bangalore. Hence future studies could extend this research to other emerging markets and other regions of India to gain a more detailed perspective. Second, given the qualitative nature of the study, only analytical generalisations can be made. However, these insights can provide a basis for future researchers to develop quantitative measures to test the inferences drawn. Finally, this study was cross sectional in nature. In order to gain a more detailed analysis on the effect of institutions, future researchers may consider a longitudinal design to capture the institutional transitions over time.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar as diferenças nos padrões de desenvolvimento ponderal, composição de carcaça e qualidade de carne entre linhagens e touros representativos da raça Nelore, com aplicação de tecnologias modernas para coleta de dados e estimação de parâmetros genéticos e fenotípicos das características em estudo. Foram utilizados dados de desenvolvimento ponderal, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne de machos da raça Nelore, terminados a pasto e confinamento e pertencentes a programas de avaliação genética. Desses animais, foram coletadas informações individuais de características de carcaça avaliadas por ultrassonografia e medidas corporais para estimação do frame de cada animal. Ao abate, foram avaliadas características de carcaça e carne, diretamente na carcaça e também através de imagens digitais do músculo Longissimus para determinação de atributos relacionados à qualidade, como maciez, perdas por cozimento, gordura intramuscular e pH. Avaliações por infravermelho com comprimentos de onda na faixa do visível próximo (VIS-NIRS) foram tomadas para associação com valores de pH, força de cisalhamento e lipídios no músculo Longissimus. Foram estimados parâmetros genéticos para todas as características avaliadas neste trabalho. As características de ganho ponderal, frame, medidas de ultrassonografia e qualidade de carne foram utilizadas para comparação entre genearcas e novos genearcas da raça Nelore. Estas informações em conjunto com a validação ferramentas auxiliares para coleta de fenótipos poderão ajudar na condução de programas de melhoramento genético de características de desempenho e qualidade de nos rebanhos dessa raça, bem como a obtenção de importantes informações sobre a variabilidade e valor genético de genearcas e touros representativos da raça Nelore. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences of growth, carcass composition and beef quality traits among lineages and representative Nellore sires, using new technologies to collect data and estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters. Data on growth, carcass and meat quality traits of Nellore bulls, raised in pastures and included in genetic evaluation programs were analyzed. Individual information on live ultrasound carcass measurements and frame were, also, collected. After slaughter, carcass, beef quality traits and video image analysis (VIA) of muscle Longissimus were obtained for estimation of beef quality attributes like tenderness, cooking losses, intramuscular fat and pH. Evaluations with Near Infrared Spectroscopy (VIS-NIRS) were made to quantify tenderness and lipid in Longissimus muscle. Genetic parameters were estimated for all traits analyzed in this study. Traits like performance, frame, ultrasound carcass evaluation and meat quality were used to compare lineages and representative Nellore sires. This research provide precious information to development of auxiliary tools for genetic improvement of growth, carcass and meat quality traits in Nellore herds, and provide important information about variability and genetic value of founders and representative sires of this breed.

Background: Founders hold a powerful position that can shape the future and direction of their new ventures, especially in the early stages of venture development. Prior work experiences are known to be influential for future growth, but the relationship between founders' prior work experiences and their growth intentions is poorly understood.  Purpose: The study aims to contribute to the existing literature by furthering the awareness and understanding of how founders are using their prior work experiences when shaping and evaluating their growth intentions. The study answers the research question:  How do founders' prior work experiences influence growth intentions in the early stages of venture development?  Method: Our method is based on qualitative research and adapts an explanatory purpose to capture the process between prior work experiences and growth intentions and elaborate the understanding of how growth intentions are created in the early stage of the ventures' development. Through a case study with semi-structured interviews, we have interviewed nine new venture founders in the tech sector, which have been the ground for our empirics. The analysis of data was conducted in three steps, namely empirical analysis, retroduction, and corroboration.  Conclusion: Our study advances the explanation of how founders' prior work experiences shape how they manage their ventures' internal environments, which impact their growth intentions. By conducting a conceptual model, we explained how building social working environment, structuring people and practices, and implementing routines manifest as mechanisms in the process between prior experiences and growth.

The diploma thesis describes the role of Montessori schools in a small town. In large cities, the range of educational opportunities is more varied; in a small town, Montessori schools are often the only alternative to regular primary schools. For the purpose of the research, the qualitative design of the multi-case study was chosen. Two schools participated in the research. Through in-depth interviews with five parents, four teachers and two school founders, initial expectations and their fulfillment were identified from the perspective of all groups of respondents. Parents expect a friendly and safe environment, an individual approach, and respect for the child, a cooperative environment, a stimulating way of teaching, support for the children's internal motivation, freedom and responsibility at the same time. Teachers' expectations consisted in the possibility of applying alternative ways of teaching with regard to the individuality of the pupil, respecting the approach and cooperating team. The founders wanted to create a friendly school based on the principles of Maria Montessori, which will be affordable for ordinary families and will be able to provide quality education to a wide range of children, including those with special needs. The expectations of all three groups of respondents were...

Assessing the team is an essential part of the evaluation process conducted by venture capitalists before an investment opportunity. In turn, the team is completely influenced by its organizational culture. Therefore in this study, I investigate how organizational culture can become an integral part of the VC evaluation process to improve this pro-cedure. This is done by exploring how the culture assessment is performed and what culture factors that are considered important. For this purpose, semi-structured in-terviews have been conducted with seven investment managers from five different VC firms. My findings indicate that the investors lack a structured methodology to assess culture. The assessment is mainly focused on the founders and management team, and performed through interactions with their network, personality tests and discussions. Except from the founders and management team, the investors also highlights the im-portance of assessing the degree of teamwork and consensus, diversity and inclusion, receptivity and adaptability, talent attraction ability, employee turnover, defined and shared responsibility and focus within the venture. Ultimately, this thesis suggests an assessment framework regarding organizational culture for venture capitalists. / Att utvärdera teamet är en väsentlig del inom utvärderingsprocessen, som utförs av riskkapitalister, inför en investeringsmöjlighet. Vidare är teamet fullständigt influerat av dess organisationskultur. Av den anledningen undersöker jag, i denna studie, hur organisationskultur kan bli en integrerad del av riskkapitalisternas utvärderingsprocess, för att förbättra denna procedur. Detta görs genom att undersöka hur utvärderingen av kultur utförs, och vilka kulturella faktorer som anses väsentliga. För detta ändamål, har semi-strukturerade intervjuer utförts med sju investerare från fem olika riskkapitalbolag. Mina resultat visar att investerarna saknar en strukturerad metod för att utvärdera kultur. Utvärderingen fokuserar främst på grundarna och management teamet, och utförs genom interaktioner med deras nätverk, personlighetstester och diskussioner. Förutom grundarna och management teamet, sätter investerarna stort värde på att utvärdera nivån av teamwork och konsensus, diversitet och inklusion, lyhördhet och anpassningsförmåga, förmåga att attrahera talanger, personalomsättning, definierat och delat ansvar samt fokus inom startup bolaget. Slutligen, erbjuder uppsatsen ett förslag på ett analysramverk som gör det möjligt för riskkapitalister att identifiera viktiga kulturella faktorer.

The thesis is focused on providing pre-kindergarten education as a public service. The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of the parent school as educational institutions, legislative pre-school education and the role of the state as a public service provider of preschool education, the means of financing and providing services based on the founder's position of pre-school, the family as a partner in the educational impact. The practical part is based on research in two kindergartens. The portion of research findings confirmed that the parents understand the provision of preschool education in kindergartens as a public service, and consider state funding of preschool education for granted. The survey showed that what is provided the extra by kindergarten, parents understand the guaranteed services, without realizing that these services at kindergarten are beyond the educational work in kindergartens. Nursery school wants to draw attention to themselves, to get more students in the competition. According to the Framework Educational Programme for the provision of preschool education school activities is not a public service.

The Ph. D. Thesis deals with architectural and monumental values of factory owners residences. It introduces the position and the whole development of the socioeconomic situation on the territory of Moravia and Silesia since 18th century until 90`s years of 20th century, also development of situation at sugar industry as a whole. Pays the attention to manners and forms of foundation - sugar mills and its owners seats. Briefly informs on the development of technologies and work at sugar factory. Analyses the problems of downfall and transformation owners seats and areas itself from 19th century until the present time. Presents the possibilities of their transformation and reutilisation. Intends over possible access to protection of them following our valid legislative and international charters.