Thesis--Auburn University, 2009. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 21).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1983. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-82).

M.Sc. / Within the field of Graph Theory the many ways in which graphs can be coloured have received a lot of attention over the years. T.R. Jensen and B. Toft provided a summary in [8] of the most important results and research done in this field. These results were cited by R. Diestel in [5] as “The Four Colour Problem” wherein it is attempted to colour every map with four colours in such a way that adjacent countries will be assigned different colours. This was first noted as a problem by Francis Guthrie in 1852 and later, in 1878, by Cayley who presented it to the London Mathematical Society. In 1879 Kempe published a proof, but it was incorrect and lead to the adjustment by Heawood in 1890 to prove the five colour theorem. In 1977 Appel and Haken were the first to publish a solution for the four colour problem in [2] of which the proof was mostly based on work done by Birkhoff and Heesch. The proof is done in two steps that can be described as follows: firstly it is shown that every triangulation contains at least one of 1482 certain “unavoidable configurations” and secondly, by using a computer, it is shown that each of these configurations is “reducible”. In this context the term “reducible” is used in the sense that any plane triangulation containing such a configuration is 4-colourable by piecing together 4- colourings of smaller plane triangulations. These two steps resulted in an inductive proof that all plane triangulations and therefore all planar graphs are 4-colourable.

William Blake, in The Four Zoas, uses the human body as a metaphor to describe stages in the fall, transformation, and approach toward Apocalypse of the "Universal Man" later called the giant Albion. Biomedical imagery depicting distortion and displacement of body parts or functions is an important aspect of this metaphor. Of particular interest to this thesis are images of division, augmentation, encasement, eruption, and reunion in the poem, The Four Zoas, with some emphasis on the Spectre of Urthona as a divisive form of Los. This Spectre's role is of fundamental importance in Blake's myth for the achievement of reintegration of fallen Albion. Blake's use of the words, "Eternity," "vision," "Imagination," "emanation," "Spectre," "shadow," are examined in some of his other works as an aid for explication of his myth as is the way in which Blake uses metaphor and modulating symbol to give us a richer and hence a clearer vision of the events relating to the Fall and Apocalypse. Morphological imagery illustrating the Fall and sparagmos of the God-Man Albion is described as a distortion of both bodily organs and faculties, i.e. psychic states. The manner in which Blake uses this imagery suggests a movement from a healthy state of expanded vision to a diseased state in which man's powers of perception are dulled or extinguished. This change in Albion from a state of intense creativity in Eden to a state of chaotic passivity in the fallen world is a change from wakefulness to sleep. This sleep produced the dream-nightmare state described in The Four Zoas. Blake's dramatis personae emerge as symbolic counters and in their symbolic method of narration they reveal how error must be given form in order to eliminate it. An analogy is drawn between the symbolic Fall, movement toward Apocalypse, and a pseudo cancerous growth that originates by cellular division, spreads by augmentation, coalesces into encasement but finally erupts with explosive force thus reordering the elements into a healthy holistic gestalt. Similarities between Blake's elimination of mind-body dichotomy in his mythic vision of man and F. S. Perls' concept of an organismic whole which creates reintegration of diseased faculties are explored at some length. The Phoenix-like quality of the contradictory affiliation between blood and water predominant in The Four Zoas is compared to the physiological response in living cells to these potentially destructive and restorative elements. The imagery Blake uses illustrates his doctrine of contraries. The Urizen - Ore cycles are touched upon, as is the providential Luvah - Jesus principle which aids Los in his mission of reversing the effects of the Fall. The importance of Los's Spectre, the Spectre of Urthona, in this movement toward Apocalypse is elaborated upon. The outcome of the struggle between the contrary states of Los and the Spectre of Urthona will be the determinant in this movement. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

For more than three centuries, violin pedagogical practices have been extensively developed towards music covering the common practice period. However, a problem arises when a violin student performing avant-garde music needs to find realistic solutions to problems that are not addressed in the standard repertoire. This critical essay offers a pedagogical approach to a work that fits well within this paradigm: Four Nocturnes (Night Music II), George Crumb’s only published work for violin and piano duo. The multi-dimensional aspect of this avant-garde work requires an equally multi-faceted approach to overcoming the inherent technical hurdles. Through practical illustrations and concise explanations, musical examples indicate how the score may be re-notated and simplified to create a preliminary step towards advancing to the original notation. Borrowing from the methodology of Otakar Ševčík and other leading twentieth-century violin pedagogues, the author shows how students can modify their approach to fit contextually in the realm of avant-garde music. Students who approach the work with this methodology will find it helpful in eliminating many of the potential pitfalls that they are likely to encounter.

Diploma work reflects the issue of psychospiritutarian transformation. In this way, a local specific video installation was created aimed at the sensual experience of the viewer. The Film has approximately thirteen minutes and contains four parts, which arose from the archive of the recorded audiovisual material spinning on the camera with a fixed 50mm lens from May 2018. A special role plays a visual relationship that is traditionally linked to this phenomenon.

No description available.

No description available.

archives@tulane.edu / The sharing of quantum resources between multiple parties allows for the creation of quantum networks. Traditional four-wave mixing creates twin correlated beams of light. More complex four-wave mixing schemes can create a multitude of correlated beams for use in quantum communication, helping pave the way toward future quantum networks. These correlations can be seen in the intensity-difference squeezing between output modes. In this dissertation, we examine a variety of multi-mode quantum systems. I begin in chapters 2 and 3 by using the noise figure, which compares the signal-to-noise ratios of output modes to input modes, to calculate intensity-difference squeezing and make predictions about phase-sensitivity. In chapter two, I analyze a dual-pump four-wave mixing system yielding three output modes for cases in which a single seed, two asymmetric seeds, and two symmetric seeds are used. In chapter 3, I perform similar calculations for three different cascaded four-wave mixing configurations. Various intensity-difference squeezing combinations are compared for two variations of two cascaded four-wave mixing cells and for three cascaded four-wave mixing cells. Chapter 4 describes a dual pump four-wave mixing scheme with four output modes created experimentally and chapter 5 shows that when only one input mode is seeded this process is phase-insensitive. Interestingly, I find that when only two of the input modes are seeded the system becomes phase-sensitive. Finally, in chapter 6, I describe the simulated and experimental results of using a deep neural network to improve the bit error rates in a classical free-space optical on-off keying scheme, that will eventually be expanded into the quantum regime. / 1 / Sara K Wyllie

Bakgrund: Godkännandegraden vid auktorisationsprovet utgörs av cirka 50 procent varje år, vilket anses som en bekymmersam siffra trots höga kompetenskrav mot revisorer. Bakom auktorisationsprovet finns en teoretisk och praktisk utbildning om minst sex år. Till följd av en lång studietid ställer vi oss frågan kring varför så många blir underkända. Detta ur ett byrå- och genusperspektiv.  Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att förklara om faktorerna byråstorlek och genus genererar en påverkan på en revisorsassistents prestation vid revisorsexamen.  Metod: Studien bygger på en deduktiv forskningsansats motsvarande tidigare forskning och teori inom ämnet. I första delstudien genomförs en kvantitativ studie i form av hypotestestning genom statistiska tester. Andra delstudien utgörs som kvalitativ bestående av semistrukturerade intervjuer med auktoriserade revisorer.  Slutsatser: Resultatet från de kvantitativa testerna indikerar på att revisionsbyråer påverkar en revisorsassistents förutsättningar vid auktorisationsprovet. Detta belyses och styrks även ur resultatet från den kvalitativa delstudien. I samband med detta utgör även individuella faktorer en påverkan på en revisorsassistents prestation. Vidare tyder resultatet på att genus inte har en större påverkan på en revisorsassistents prestation och när prov avläggs. Däremot kan inte skillnader i förutsättningar mellan könen uteslutas. / Background: Each year approximately 50 percent pass the authorization test, which is considered a troubled number despite high competence requirements for auditors. Theoretical and practical education of at least six years is required for the authorization test. Although this is a long period of study and preparation, it can be asked the question why so many fail. This question is central for this study and is analyzed from an audit firm and gender perspective.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explain whether the auditor firm’s size and gender factors affect an assistant auditor’s performance at the authorization test.  Method: The study is based on a deductive research approach corresponding to previous research and theory within the subject. In the first sub-study a quantitative study is carried out in the form of hypothesis testing through statistical tests. The second sub-study is qualitative, consisting of semi-structured interviews with authorized public accountants.  Conclusions: The results from the statistical tests indicate that the auditing firms affect an assistant auditor’s prerequisites at the authorization test. This is also illustrated and confirmed by the results from the qualitative sub-study. In connection with this, individual factors also have an impact on the performance of an assistant auditor. Furthermore, the results indicate that gender does not have a major impact on an assistant auditor’s performance. However, differences in conditions between the genders cannot be excluded.