Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-04-26T17:22:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Nardes dos Santos_.pdf: 4200145 bytes, checksum: 80da7128e71652952b4d557f7816937f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T17:22:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Nardes dos Santos_.pdf: 4200145 bytes, checksum: 80da7128e71652952b4d557f7816937f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / CNJ - Conselho Nacional de Justiça / O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as diferentes conceptualizações de feto anencéfalo a partir de um estudo de caso do processo da Arguição de Preceito Fundamental 54-8 (ADPF 54), cuja decisão final autorizou a interrupção de gravidez de fetos anencefálicos. Como aporte teórico, propõe-se uma articulação entre a Semântica de Frames, na perspectiva dos frames de compreensão (ZIEM, 2014), e o conceito de perfilamento (LANGACKER, 1987; 2008). Além disso, busca-se discutir a relação entre a interrupção de gestação de anencéfalo e os modelos culturais ligados ao aborto (COULSON, 1997; 2001; D’ANDRADE, 1987). O conceito de frame semântico é o cerne da teoria da Semântica de Frames, postulada por Fillmore (1982; 1985), a qual defende que os falantes entendem o significado de uma palavra ou expressão a partir de sua associação a uma cena esquemática mental. A partir dos trabalhos do linguista, Ziem (2014) retoma o conceito fillmoriano de frame de compreensão, o qual implica um espaço de compreensão ativado por determinado uso linguístico, que abrange conhecimento enciclopédico. Dentre os constituintes dessa estrutura esquemática conceptual, estão os slots e fillers, que podem ser identificados a partir de análises baseadas em corpora. Já a noção de perfilamento pressupõe que a evocação de um frame também envolve perspectivas diferentes sobre o mesmo evento ou entidade, o que faz com que falantes perfilem ou contrastem determinada situação contra frames ou facetas de conhecimento diferentes, dependendo de seus propósitos (CROFT; CRUSE, 2004; KÖVECSES, 2006; ZIEM, 2014). Como corpus de estudo, foram utilizados acórdão da ADPF 54, bem como as notas taquigráficas que registram os depoimentos das quatro audiências públicas realizadas. O corpus foi dividido em três subcorpora: (i) as notas taquigráficas da primeira audiência pública, na qual predominam os posicionamentos de representantes de instituições religiosas (Corpus NT1); (ii) as notas taquigráficas das três audiências públicas seguintes, em que predominam os posicionamentos de representantes de entidades médicas (Corpus NT2); e (iii) o acórdão de inteiro teor, em que consta a votação dos ministros e o proferimento da decisão final (Corpus Acórdão). O primeiro passo da análise consistiu na descrição do frame feto anencéfalo a partir das facetas de conhecimento presentes em cada subcorpus, seguindo a metodologia de identificação de slots proposta por Ziem (2014). Em seguida, verificou-se como essas facetas resultavam em perfilamentos diferentes. Os resultados mostraram que, no Corpus NT1, feto anencéfalo é mais frequentemente perfilado contra slots como [presença de atividade neurológica], [características fisiológicas e sociais], [vida] e [utilidade para transplante de órgãos]. No processo como um todo, predominam as conceptualizações emergentes dos corpora NT2 e Acórdão, em que feto anencéfalo é conceptualizado por meio de perfilamentos contra slots como [anomalia], [morte], [ausência de atividade neurológica], [inutilidade para transplante de órgãos] e [risco para a gestante], o que resulta no perfilamento contra o slot [desamparo jurídico], negando ao feto anencéfalo a proteção jurídica dada a outros fetos, no cenário brasileiro, por meio da Constituição. Além disso, essas facetas de conhecimento indicam uma ligação direta entre o modelo cultural de Punição e a situação de gravidez de feto anencefálico. / This study aims at investigating different conceptualizations for anencephalic fetus through a case study of the Allegation of Violation of a Fundamental Precept No. 54 (ADPF 54) process, in which the Supreme Court authorized the interruption of pregnancy in cases of anencephaly. Concerning the theoretical framework, a combination between Frame Semantics, from the perspective of frames of understanding (ZIEM, 2014), and the concept of profiling (LANGACKER, 1987; 2008) is proposed. Moreover, this dissertation seeks to discuss the relation between pregnancy interruption in cases of anencephaly and cultural models related to abortion (COULSON, 1997; 2001; D'ANDRADE, 1987). The concept of semantic frame is the core of Frame Semantics, postulated by Fillmore (1982; 1985), which defends that speakers understand the meaning of a word or expression from its association to a mental schematic scene. Based on his works, Ziem (2014) retakes the Fillmorian concept of frame of understanding, which implies a space of understanding activated by linguistic use that encloses encyclopedic knowledge. Amongst the constituent of this conceptual schematic structure, there are slots and fillers, which can be identified through corpus-based analyses. The concept of profiling presupposes that the evocation of a frame also involves different perspectives on the same event or entity, which makes speakers profile or contrast some situation against different frames or knowledge facets, depending on their intentions (CROFT; CRUSE, 2004; KÖVECSES, 2006; ZIEM, 2014). The corpus is constituted by the ADPF 54 decision, as well as the tachygraphic notes that registered the depositions on the four public audiences. The corpus was divided in three subcorpora: (i) the tachygraphic notes of the first audience, in which the positioning of representatives of religious institutions predominate (NT1 Corpus); (II) the tachygraphic notes of the three following audiences, in which the positioning of representatives of medical entities predominate (NT2 Corpus); e (III) the entire content of the Supreme Court decision, which consists of the voting of the ministers and the statement of the final decision (Acórdão Corpus). The first step of the analysis was the description of the anencephalic fetus frame from the knowledge facets that were found in each subcorpus, following the methodology of identification of slots proposed by Ziem (2014). After that, it was verified how these facets resulted in different profilings. The results showed that, in the NT1 Corpus, anencephalic fetus is more frequently profiled against slots such as [presence of neurological activity], [physiological and social characteristics], [life] and [utility for organ transplantation]. In the process as a whole, conceptualizations emerging from NT2 and Acórdão corpora are predominant, in which anencephalic fetus is conceptualized by means of profilings against slots such as [anomaly], [death], [absence of neurological activity], [uselessness for organ transplantation] and [health risk for the pregnant woman], which results in the profiling against the [legal abandonment] slot, which denies the anencephalic fetus the legal protection given to other fetuses, in the Brazilian context, through the Constitution. Moreover, these knowledge facets indicate a direct bonding between the cultural model of Punishment and the pregnancy anencephalic fetus scenario.

<p>The UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm 1972 has been recognized as bringing political attention to environmental problems. Researchers have acknowledged the importance of NGO activities during the conference, initiating a trend of engagement of NGOs in official global meetings. But NGOs were not permitted to speak at the plenary or participate in working groups in the official Conference. The influence of NGOs could still be substantial but in another arenas delivering perceptions, knowledge and information to the general public and officials, directly or through the intense media coverage of the conference. NGOs engaged in these parallel activities and individuals in the official initiating process are central to this research. </p><p>The purpose of this study is to analyze how Swedish NGOs and their related networks influenced environmental discourses during and following the UN conference on the human environment in Stockholm 1972. The purpose is also to analyze how they in turn were effected by the conference process and the context in which NGOs function. </p><p>This study is concerned with how social movements became engaged in official global meetings and the effects of this process. It is a study of the interrelations between intergovernmental discourse framing and activist influence. To understand this we take in consideration what motivated the actions of relevant actors, how actors selected strategies to obtain there purposes and how diverse frames of understanding emerged.</p>

The UN Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm 1972 has been recognized as bringing political attention to environmental problems. Researchers have acknowledged the importance of NGO activities during the conference, initiating a trend of engagement of NGOs in official global meetings. But NGOs were not permitted to speak at the plenary or participate in working groups in the official Conference. The influence of NGOs could still be substantial but in another arenas delivering perceptions, knowledge and information to the general public and officials, directly or through the intense media coverage of the conference. NGOs engaged in these parallel activities and individuals in the official initiating process are central to this research. The purpose of this study is to analyze how Swedish NGOs and their related networks influenced environmental discourses during and following the UN conference on the human environment in Stockholm 1972. The purpose is also to analyze how they in turn were effected by the conference process and the context in which NGOs function. This study is concerned with how social movements became engaged in official global meetings and the effects of this process. It is a study of the interrelations between intergovernmental discourse framing and activist influence. To understand this we take in consideration what motivated the actions of relevant actors, how actors selected strategies to obtain there purposes and how diverse frames of understanding emerged.