Webbutveckling och dess ekosystem kan vara frustrerande även för den initierade. Det finns en otalig mängd ramverk och bibliotek som ofta erbjuder samma eller snarlik funktion. Samtidigt förändras detta ekosystem nästan dagligen med nya tillägg som ytterligare höjer inlärningskurvan för en utvecklare. Av denna anledning är det viktigt att göra processen av att välja dessa ramverk enklare för att minska frustrationen kring det och förmedla en förklaring kring varför de finns.I denna studie undersöks det huruvida det är möjligt att utveckla en webbapplikation som väljer ut en lämplig samling ramverk och verktyg och presenterar detta för användaren. Det undersöks även huruvida ett sådant verktyg kan göras användarvänligt. / The ecosystem of web development can be frustrating even for the initiated. Nowadaysthere is a countless number of frameworks that supply functionality to web applications.Moreover, several of these frameworks o er the same or similar functionality which onlyserves to increase the di culty of choosing the right one for a given project. At the sametime, new frameworks are released almost daily, leaving predecessors obsolete. Therefore,it is increasingly important for the web developer to stay up to date with the world offrameworks.This study aims to investigate whether it is possible to develop a user-friendly tool thateducates and aids the developer in choosing a proper collection of frameworks and librariesfor a project.

In recent years, metadata-driven software development has gained prominence. In this implementation model, various application concerns are provided as third-party frameworks and libraries that the programmer configures through metadata, such as XML configuration files or Java annotations. Metadata-driven software development is a special case of declarative programming: metadata serves as a domain-specific language that the programmer uses to declare various concerns, whose implementation is provided by an elaborate ecosystem of libraries and frameworks that serve as pre-defined application building blocks. Examples abound: transparent persistence mechanisms facilitate data management; security frameworks provide access control and encryption; unit testing frameworks provide abstractions for implementing and executing unit tests, etc. Metadata-driven software development has been particularly embraced in enterprise computing as a means of providing standardized solutions to common application scenarios. Despite the conciseness and simplicity benefits of metadata-driven software development, this implementation model introduces a unique set of reuse and evolution challenges. In particular, metadata is not reusable across application modules, and program evolution causes unsafe discrepancies between the main source code and its corresponding metadata. The research described in this dissertation addresses five fundamental problems of metadata-driven software development: (1) bytecode enhancements that transparently introduce concerns hinder program understanding and debugging; (2) mainstream enterprise metadata formats are hard to understand, evolve, and reuse; (3) concerns declared via metadata cannot be reused when source-to-source compiling emerging languages to mainstream ones; (4) metadata correctness cannot be automatically ensured as application source code is being refactored and enhanced; and (5) lacking built-in metadata, JavaScript programs can be enhanced with additional concerns only through manual source code changes. The research described in this dissertation leverages domain-specific languages and automated code generation to enable effective reuse and safe evolution in metadata-driven software development. The specific innovations that address the problems outlined above are as follows: (1) a domain-specific language (DSL) describing bytecode enhancement that facilitates the understanding and debugging of additional concerns; (2) a novel metadata format expressed as a DSL that is easier to author, understand, reuse, and maintain than existing metadata formats; (3) automated metadata translation that enables effective reuse of target language additional concerns from source-to-source compiled source language programs; (4) metadata invariants---a new abstraction for expressing and verifying metadata coding convention; and (5) a new approach to declaratively enhancing JavaScript programs with additional concerns. / Ph. D.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Extrusion-based 3D printing is one of the emerging additive manufacturing technologies used for printing a range of materials from metal to ceramics. In this process, the required material is extruded from the extruder in the form of a slurry. Zeolite and MOFs are mainly used for CO2 adsorption in the form of pellets and beads due to their good adsorptive property. Researchers are developing monoliths of Zeolite and MOFs and fabricate them using traditional extrusion and implement them in the gas adsorption applications as an option for beads and pellets by developing a monolithic structure. Previous research on Zeolite 13X and 5A have shown good structural and physical properties in monolith form. In this study, we developed slurry of two molecular sieve Zeolite 3A and 4A monoliths powders, mixing it with bentonite clay, methyl cellulose, and PVA as a binder. The slurry preparation was carried out at room temperature. Once the 3D printed samples are dried at room temperature, a sintering process was performed to increase mechanical strength. To be used in real-time applications, the 3D printed Zeolite sample need to have sufficient mechanical strength. The BET surface area test showed good results for Zeolite 13X compared to available literature. The surface area calculated for 3D printed Zeolite 13X was 767m2/g and available literature showed 498 m2/g for 3D printed Zeolite 13X. The microhardness values of 3D printed Zeolite samples were measured using a Vicker hardness tester. The hardness value of the 3D - printed Zeolite samples increased from 8.3 ± 2 to 12.5 ± 3 HV0.05 for Zeolite 13X, 3.3 ± 1 to 7.3 ± 1 HV0.05 for Zeolite 3A, 4.3 ± 2 to 7.5 ± 2 HV0.05 for Zeolite 4A, 7.4 ± 1 to 14.0 ± 0.5 HV0.05 for Zeolite 5A respectively. The SEM, EDS and XRD analysis was performed for 3D printed samples before and after sintering to evaluate their structural properties. The SEM analysis reveals that all 3D printed Zeolite samples retained their microstructure after slurry preparation and also after the sintering process. The porous nature of 3D printed Zeolite walls was retained after the sintering process. The EDS analysis showed that the composition of 3D printed Zeolite samples remained somewhat similar with minor variation for before and after sintering. The framework structure of Zeolite Type X for Zeolite 13X and Zeolite Type A for Zeolite 3A, 4A, 5A were in good shape after sintering as standard peak intensity points were retained. Zn-MOF74 was synthesized using solvothermal synthesis which is a well-established synthesis process used for the synthesis of MOFs. We also developed slurry for Zn-MOF-74 using bentonite clay and PVA as binders and printed small parts using hand printing.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第20603号 / 理博第4318号 / 新制||理||1620(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)教授 北川 宏, 教授 竹腰 清乃理, 教授 吉村 一良 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

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Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous materials realized via reticular construction of a plethora of organic linkers and metal nodes, have emerged as excellent candidates for light-harvesting compositions (LHC), photo or electrocatalysis. This is due to their ability to organize chromophores and metal nodes with desired functionalities, and remarkable porosity that allows efficient mass transfer of reactants and electrolytes. Recent studies have shown intriguing delocalized excited state of the orderly organized pigments in MOFs. Furthermore, the accessible pores/channels allow it to host complementary optical/redox active species within the frameworks by means of de novo or postsynthetic functionalization, as a manner for MOF compositions to integrate functionalities beyond photosensitizer, such as photo/electrocatalytic sites. In such multi-component assemblies, profound understanding of charge transfer and separation process is crucial to make the designed LHC efficient. Therefore, we could adopt chromophoric MOFs as a scaffold to systematically investigate photoinduced charge transfer by installing judiciously selected redox moieties into MOFs, whose unique electronic properties could define distinct electronic interplay with MOFs. From an aspect of further applications, photo-generated electrons can be utilized more efficiently by an external electric field applied on MOF films, which prolongs the charge-separation lifetime. For this purpose, sufficient electrical conductivity is necessary to allow charges delivered across the MOF film. Considering a large energy mismatch between the majority of traditional metal nodes including metal oxo clusters and carboxylic based struts, charge transport is defined by a slow hopping process, which hinders the harvesting of relatively short-lived separated charges. Hence, developing neoteric linkage chemistry is critically needed to overcome the charge-transport challenge.Keeping these points in mind, the scope of this dissertation mainly focuses on unraveling the fundamental principles of photoinduced charge transfer and separation, ground-state charge transport boosted by nontraditional coordination chemistry and incorporation of complementary redox species, and their substantial correlation with MOF-based photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalysis. The first chapter lays the foundational knowledge regarding generic properties (chemical and physical) of MOFs, and adopted typical postsynthetic functionalization method, namely, solvent-assisted ligand incorporation (SALI), and other physical processes including photoinduced charge and energy transfer among components within MOFs, and mechanism of electron transport, that has so far been understood, in MOFs driven by an external electric field and commonly used approaches to measure that. Chapter two and three reveal the rule to control photoinduced charge transfer in MOF compositions prepared by the installation of a series of zinc porphyrins possessing gradient excited-state and frontier-orbital energy that can define distinct charge-transfer driving force into the mesopore of a photosensitizing MOF, NU-1000. These compositions show potential for their utilization as artificial light-harvesting assemblies. Chapter four highlights new design for solid porous CO2 reduction catalysts realized by introducing cobalt phthalocyanine into NU-1000. Importantly, we interpreted the catalytic activity from the aspect of charge transport efficiency, by comparing with catalysts constituted by NU-1000 and different molecular catalysts. To harvest the photo-generated electrons, an external electric field can be applied on MOF films deposited on transparent electrodes under photoexcitation, for which sufficient electrical conductivity is a must. Therefore, in chapter five, a new semiconducting coordination polymer framework was developed by employing a novel carbodithioate group for the linkage with nickel(II) that extends in three dimensions, which shows enhanced, electrical conductivity (i.e. 10-6 – 10-7 S cm-1) in contrast to traditional carboxylate-based MOFs due to a more delocalized electronic feature of the carbodithioate-nickel cluster. More importantly, its unique electronic properties, especially a long-lived charge-separation state captured by transient-absorption technique, could alleviate the compromise between electrical conductivity and charge separation (resulted from bandgap) of light-harvesting material. We then extend this binding group to chromium(III), as introduced in chapter 6, leading to a paramagnetic 3D coordination polymer with metallic conductivity as opposed to its nickel counterpart.

When creating physics simulations, one common issue that arises is the need to visualize the simulation progress and results. With recent advancements in ray tracing this problem has mostly been solved for non real-time applications. However, there still exists a need to find and evaluate real-timerendering options for applications that need to run at interactive frame rates. In this thesis, we look at some rendering frameworks and propose a set off our performance based metrics and one usability metric for evaluating these. In addition to the metrics, we propose a qualitative method for evaluating the realism of simulated scenes rendered using different frameworks. Finally, we select one of the frameworks and use the metrics and the qualitative method proposed to evaluate the overall fit of the framework for the use case of visualizing physics simulations. The results show similar scores for the performance metrics using the new framework as using a previously used reference framework while showing a slight tendency for increased realism in scenes using the new framework.

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are a significant factor that drives the global economy, especially in developing countries such as Thailand, where SMEs contribute more than one-third of the Thai GDP. With digital transformation allowing businesses to access new technologies easily, most SMEs have shifted from traditional businesses to digital businesses. However, adopting technologies without any protections could make SMEs become a target of cyberattacks. This study, therefore, aims to explore cyber securities that are used to protect against cyberattacks in Thai SMEs and also the challenges of implementing cybersecurity frameworks and controls in SMEs. The research questions of this study are “How do SMEs in Thailand protect their organization from cyberattacks?” and “What challenges do SMEs in Thailand face during implementing cybersecurity frameworks or controls?” A mixed method combining surveys for quantitative data and interviews for qualitative data was used in this study. The online survey questionnaires were used to find out the overview of cybersecurity in SMEs, followed by the semi-structured interview to investigate the challenges of implementing cybersecurity in SMEs. There were 75 SMEs participating in the survey along with three respondents working for SMEs and an IT consultant for SMEs participating in in-depth interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, while the thematic analysis was used to analyze the quantitative data. The findings indicate that SMEs in Thailand implement some cybersecurity controls to protect their organization instead of complying with the cybersecurity standards or frameworks, such as ISO2700X series, NIST, and PCI DSS. However, SMEs are also concerned about the laws, including Thailand’s PDPA, Computer Crime Act, and Personal Information Act, to which they have to comply. In addition, the biggest challenge of implementing cybersecurity frameworks and controls in SMEs is lack of financial resources, as cybersecurity frameworks and controls require a lot of budget, tools, and also experts or consultants to implement.