撫卹的本意不在於造就一個創造更多財富的家庭，當然也不僅在於用來濟助貧困遺族的生活所需；其真實用意係期藉諸合理的撫卹給與及相關配套措施，俾一則讓在職死亡公務人員的遺族得以感受政府對於死亡公務人員的仰慰之意；二則用以協助當事公務人員的遺族能渡過一段艱困的時期；至其最終目的則希望能建構出自由安全的社會；而這種本於自由安全社會理念所建構的撫卹措施亦才是一個有正義的社會所應秉持的建設理念。因此，撫卹制度之是否能審慎地規劃出適當的法制，自來就是倡議具有正義理念的社會安全理論者所重視的最主要課題之一。 然而，隨著社會安全理論的典範移轉，本於「正義」的普世價值來建構出「人人各得其所，各遂其生」的理想生活型態，已然是秉持憲政民主理念以治事的民主法治國家所堅持的基本目標之一。準此而言，當我們本於正義概念所強調的意涵從新來檢視我國現行公務人員撫卹法制所規範的種種機制的時候，我們乃不得不對於「我國現行公務人員撫卹法制之是否能發展成符合正義價值的良善制度」，投注更多的關心與努力。因此本項研究乃以「我國公務人員撫卹法制的綜合意涵為「經」，並以「實質公平正義的概念為「緯」作為研究的架構，進行交互論證，並期超越單向度的線性思考選輯，本諸「守」與「變」的互動模式，來論究「我國公務人員撫卹制度的重建」方案，俾能對我國公務人員撫卹法制的發展有所助益。 因此，本項研究文乃先就「公務人員撫卹措施」與「社會安全」的相容性，導論出「撫卹必須要能融入社會安全之思維，進而本諸正義概念所期於體現的實質意涵。以建構出「均無貧、和無寡、安無傾」的自由安全社會」的論結（第貳章第一節）；而後再就倫理及行政法理的層面，導出「正義概念」在學理上所應重視的「正當程序」、「公平原則」、「秉道執中」及「公益維護」等四大意涵（第貳章第二節）；其後則以「我國公務人員撫卹法制的綜合意涵為「經」，並以「實質公平正義的概念為「緯」作為研究的架構（第貳章第三節），再檢閱世界先進國家（美、英、日等國）及我國現行公務人員撫卹法制的內涵）第參、肆章），並依據上開所導出的正義意涵，深入檢討分析我國現行公務人員撫卹法制之是否吻合於「正義的意涵」（第伍章）；最後再循「典範移轉」的啟示，跳脫傳統線性思考的選輯，提出本頊研究的發現，進而本於上揭「正義的四大意涵」，研提出若干重新建構我國公務人員撫卹制度的具體建言（第陸章）。 重要名詞：1.「正當程序」、2.「公平原則」、3.「秉道執中」4.「公益維護」5.「憲政民主」、6.「公民社會」、7.「自由安全社會」 / Pension is not meant to create more wealth for a family, nor remedies to the survivals in poverty for an affordable life. The genuine intent of pension serves two purposes. One is for the government to express to the survivals its appreciation and condolences of a civil service died in the course of performing duties and the other is to help the survival to pull through a certain period of hardship. The ultimate objective of pension is to seek building up a free and secure society. Pension measures based on the idea of establishing a free and secure society shall be the ideas for the efforts of reconstruction of a society of justice to stick to. Therefore, whether an appropriate legal framework can be carefully mapped out for a pension system has been one of the key topics highly regarded by those fundamentals who promote a social security with justice. However, to cope with the "Paradigm Shift" of social security theories, justice-based popular value to realize an idealistic living style wherein every one enjoys justified living means and social status has become one of the basic objectives held fast in any democratic nation practicing constitutionalism. Accordingly, we have to invest more concerns and efforts to focus on the issue that "if the existing pension system of civil service of our country is sufficient to be developed into a system of good faith that meets the value of justice" while we are refreshing out review of various mechanisms set forth in the existing pension system of civil service in the point of justice. This paper, with the attempt to help in the development of the pension system of civil service, is constructed by having "the general context of the pension system of civil service of the Republic of China" as a weft, and by having the "the concept of substantial fair and justice" as the waft as the framework to proceed cross arguents in the hope of going beyond the one dimension of linear logic of thinking to challenge the option of "Reconstruction of Pension System of Civil Service of the Republic of China" according to the interaction modes between being conservative and revolutionary. In this paper, the compatibility between "pension measures" and "social security" is first touched for the inference of the conclusion that "the pension must be incorporated with the thoughts of social security for the construction of a free and secure society that "shares common wealth without poverty, common peace without misfortune and common security without instability" by following the substantial context realized from the point of justice (Sec.1,Chap.Ⅱ); followed by angling at the aspects of ethics and administration legal principles, four major areas of context, respectively, "justice procedure", "fair principle", "impartial practice" and "maintenance of public interest" that should be taken serious in the scientific theory of "the concept of justice" are inferred (Sec.2,Chap.Ⅱ); then intervened with "the general context of the pension system of the Republic of China" as the weft and "the concept of substantial justice and fair" as the waft for the framework of the research (Sec.3,Chap.Ⅲ), those pension systems currently and respectively adopted in advanced nations (UK, USA and Japan) and in our country are examined (Chap.Ⅲ and Chap.Ⅳ); later based on the "context of justice" as inferred, an in-depth review is made to analyze the compliance of the existing pension system of our country with such context of justice (Chapter V); and finally, by following the teachings revealed in the "Paradigm Shift" to take a leap from the conventional logic of linear thinking for presenting the findings of the research, and further to make feasible proposals for the reconstruction of the pension system of civil service based on those four major contexts of justice as disclosed above (Chap.Ⅳ). Keyword: 1.justice procedure 2 .fair principal 3. impartial practice 4. maintenance of public interes 5. constitutional democracy 5. civil society 6. free and secure society