Thesis (Ph. L.)--Catholic University of America, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-62).

Background: Both Freud (1921) and Skinner (1971) were regarded as 'hard determinists' who saw human thought and action as determined by prior events, and the idea of free will as simply an illusion. While this belief system clearly impacted on the models of therapy they developed, whether such beliefs also had an impact on their ability to develop qualities of effective therapy, such as empathic and genuine therapeutic relationships, is not known. Furthermore, whether there is something about holding this belief system that could affect therapists' abilities to attain and nurture such qualities, remains unclear. Research Question: The research study reported here sought to gain some insight into the above question, and into what it is like to deliver therapy from a hard determinist philosophical frame, by asking how clinical psychologists who hold a hard determinist philosophy, experience delivering therapy. Method: The study made use of a qualitative design methodology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven hard determinist clinical psychologists, and interview transcripts were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: Four super-ordinate themes emerged from the analysis: 'From Hell to Utopia: How it feels to be a hard determinist therapist', 'Hating the sin, loving the sinner: Enhancing the therapeutic relationship', 'Free will: A felt vs reflective understanding', and 'Therapist as thinker'. Implications: The themes to emerge from the data gave rise to a number of implications and recommendations for practice and further research. In particular, it was recommended that the link between hard determinist beliefs and a perceived enhancement of the therapeutic relationship warrants further research. Furthermore, since the philosophy was linked to ideas about power, self-control, therapeutic models, science, and research, discussions of the philosophy may add valuable contributions to clinical psychology's understanding of these issues. In addition, a replication or development of this study with a broader range of therapists is recommended, to establish whether the findings reported here can be generalised to therapists from fields outside clinical psychology.

v anglickém jazyce Thesis on "Freedom and responsibility of the child in the educational process" to capture the development of "freedom" and "responsibility" of historical first. It is crucial to how these therms are understood todey, both generally and in the philosophical and pedagogical sense. The work si focused in theory, the charter entitled "Freedom of the child in school and families" attempts to outline the practical actions that can direct the child correctly and to assist them in thein correct perception of freedom and responsibility. The thesis is devided into eight chapters, the chapter "Freedom and responsibility from the perspective of philosophy and education" is just a recapitulation of the development of two basic concepts of "freedom" and "responsibility". The following chapter tries to find the basic approaches to education, each has a different view of freedom and responsibility, but all three approaches are negligible in the educational process. The following chapter dealing with decision-making process, which is an integral part of properly conceived freedom of will and responsibility for their actions. Other chapters describe the different approaches to family and school education, and strives to capture what takes place in the world of a man who is aware of its freedom and...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FIL - Sidnei Francisco do Nascimento.pdf: 683819 bytes, checksum: 99ae6b0ddf1844642e516e54710efb14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-07 / The thesis presents the confrontation of ideas related to free will concept between Erasmus and Martin Luther in the Christian Humanism and Protestant Reform context. By on eh and, Erasmus admits the free will as a utilization of human will, in which, the human being can help for his own eternal salvation, or refuse it forever. To admit the possibility of human will get closer or to be along way off God, the Christian Humanist take in consideration the philosophies from late ancient times, for ins stance, the Platonic, the Stoicism and the Early Patristic. By other hand, the Luther s Theology breaks off with the Christian it y ratified by many authorities and councils, and it declares that the human nature, decayed and sinner, only can get the eternal salvation through suffering. According to the Reformer, the human will, perverted by original's in, just go es towards the evil / A tese apresenta o confronto de idéias referente à concepção de livre-arbítrio entre Erasmo e Lutero no contexto do Humanismo Cristão e da Reforma. De um lado, Erasmo admite o livre-arbítrio como o emprego da força da vontade humana pela qual o homem pode concorrer voluntariamente para salvação eterna, ou rejeitá-la para sempre. Para admitir a possibilidade da vontade de se aproximar, ou se distanciar de Deus, o Humanista Cristão retoma as filosofias presentes no final da Antigüidade, entre elas, a platônica, a estóica, e a patrística primitiva. De outro, a teologia de Lutero rompe com o cristianismo ratificado por tantas autoridades e concílios, e afirma que a natureza humana decaída e pecadora, só obterá a salvação eterna por meio do sofrimento. Para o Reformador a vontade humana, corrompida pelo pecado original, só delibera em direção ao mal

L’évocation de la Renaissance italienne des XVe et XVIe siècles est souvent synonyme de la propagation d’une nouvelle pensée de l’homme, exaltant les valeurs oubliées de l’excellence et de la liberté humaines. Chez un philosophe comme Giordano Bruno (1548-1600), la question de la liberté ne se présente pas aussi facilement que chez d’autres grands auteurs des Quattrocento et Cinquecento (tel Marsile Ficin ou Pic de la Mirandole). Sa défiance héroïque envers l’autorité ecclésiastique et son exécution par l’Inquisition, le 17 février 1600, sur le campo dei Fiori, illustrent sa longue lutte pour libérer la philosophie des entraves de la religion révélée. Bruno peut se targuer d’être l’un des premiers penseurs depuis l’Antiquité à intégrer une cosmologie, une physique, une psychologie et une éthique dans un système de philosophie (la nova filosofia). Malgré une terminologie parfois fluctuante et des contradictions souvent apparentes, la philosophie de Bruno possède une réelle cohérence interne et peut être regardée comme annonçant celle de Spinoza. Or à la différence du déterminisme de ce dernier, Bruno soutient que l’homme est doté d’un libre arbitre, s’opposant en cela aux thèses de Luther et abondant dans le sens d’Erasme. Son affirmation d’une liberté humaine intimement liée aux problèmes éthiques et religieux de son époque n’est toutefois pas sans provoquer certaines tensions au regard de sa conception métaphysique d’un univers infini en acte. L’objet de ce travail est d’analyser la thèse brunienne de la compossibilité de la liberté humaine avec la nécessité divine qui s’exprime dans un univers métamorphique et infini, en recherchant, dans une première partie, les sources de son compatibilisme et en interprétant, dans une seconde partie, la manière dont Bruno concilie liberté et nécessité. / The evocation of the Italian Renaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries is often synonymous with the spread of a new human thought, exalting the forgotten values of human excellence and freedom. For a philosopher like Giordano Bruno (1548-1600), the problem of freedom does not arise as easily as it does for other great authors of Quattrocento and Cinquecento (such as Marsilio Ficino or Pico della Mirandola). His heroic defiance of ecclesiastical authority and his execution by the Inquisition on 17 February 1600 onto the Campo de’ Fiori, exemplifies his long struggle to free philosophy from the trammels of revealed religion. Bruno can claim to be the first thinker since Antiquity to integrate a cosmology, physics, ethics and psychology into a system of philosophy (nova filosofia). Despite sometimes inconsistent terminology and often apparent contradictions, Bruno’s philosophy has a real inner coherence and can be seen as announcing Spinoza’s. However, unlike the latter’s determinism, Bruno maintains that human being is endowed with a free will, opposing Luther’s theses and agreeing with Erasmus. Nonetheless, his affirmation of human freedom, intimately linked to the ethical and religious problems of his time, is not without causing tensions with regard to his metaphysical conception of the actual infinity in the universe. The purpose of this work is to analyse the brunian thesis of the compossibility of human freedom with the divine necessity expressed in a metamorphic and infinite universe, by seeking, in a first part, the sources of its compatibility and by interpreting, in a second part, the way in which Bruno reconciles liberty and necessity.

The Brothers Karamazov was the last novel of Dostoievski and for that reason is in way a sort of synthesis of his thinking. In the article there is a brief development of some key ideas as these: in matter of guilt, the attitude has more importance than action; everyone is guilty of everything before the eyes of everyone (universal guilt); suffering purifies the individual and acts as a remedy that promotes his spiritual elevation; freewill is central in human existence. But the novel is also a novel about a crime. Somebody is murdered and the readers will discover the perpetrator at the very end. 25% of the novel is devoted to technical legal matters: the instruction of the summary and the court trial. But what is most interesting is that an innocent is found guilty, because law had no other choice having into account the facts that are backed by evidence. It would be possible to find him not guilty, but for doing so it would be necessary to change the paradigm that is the backbone of modern criminal law. / Los hermanos Karamazov fue la última obra de Dostoievski, por lo que se convierte en una especie de síntesis de su pensamiento. En el artículo se abordan algunas de las ideas clave del autor, como que en materia de culpa, la actitud es más importante que la acción; que todos somos culpables de todo ante todos; que el dolor purifica y es como un remedio para la elevación espiritual del individuo; así como la reivindicación del libre albedrío. Pero la novela es también la historia de un crimen. El autor nos introduce en el misterio de una muerte, cuyo autor descubriremos al final. También contiene un 25% dedicado a la instrucción del proceso y al juicio oral. Pero lo más interesante es que un inocente es declarado culpable y es declarado culpable porque el derecho no podría obrar de otra manera tal como son presentados los hechos. Sería posible declararlo no culpable, pero para ello tendríamos que inventar otro paradigma del proceso penal.