Orientador: Ana Luiza Silva Camarani / Banca: Aparecido Donizete Rossi / Banca: Gloria Carneiro do Amaral / Resumo: Na França, a literatura fantástica está muito ligada aos períodos do Romantismo e do Simbolismo. Segundo Pierre-Georges Castex (1962), a literatura fantástica francesa se divide justamente nestes dois períodos: o primeiro, em meados do século XIX, é o do Romantismo, em que o gosto pelo sobrenatural, pelo mistério e a procura pelo absoluto deram abertura a grande produção de contos fantásticos que teve uma grande influência de E.T.A. Hoffmann. Na esteira de Hoffmann, Théophile Gautier se revela, em seus contos fantásticos, um escritor rico em imaginação, capaz de fazer surgir discursos grandiosos ou inquietantes, mas também cheios de emoção. A presença do amor ligado à morte se faz notar em vários textos de Gautier, tema este recorrente na literatura fantástica do século XIX. Seus textos fantásticos são muito representativos e mostram a evasão romântica na utilização do sonho, que duplica a vida. Esse discurso onírico é um instrumento do qual Gautier faz uso a fim de expressar a intenção de busca de um mundo ideal procurada pelos românticos, em que aparece um "eu" romântico que se vê incapaz de resolver sozinho os problemas em relação à sociedade e que, portanto, se lança à busca de outras realidades. Assim era também Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, poeta simbolista que não se encaixava na ordem capitalista vigente e procurava sempre uma existência superior, longe da realidade de sua época. Encontrava essa existência ideal na criação literária. Suas obras, portanto, demonstravam essa procura em seus temas míticos, fantásticos. O sonho aparece também nesse autor como ponto narrativo a destacar duas possibilidades da narrativa fantástica: de um lado, pode-se dizer que o narrador estava apenas sonhando e nada daquilo aconteceu (o que seria uma explicação racional para o fato), de outro, pode-se afirmar que tudo aquilo realmente aconteceu, trata-se, portanto de um fato sobrenatural. O objetivo... / Résumé: En France, la littérature fanstastique est directement associée aux périodes du Romastisme et du Symbolisme. D'après Pierre-Georges Castex (1962), la littérature fantastique française se divise justement en ces deux périodes : la première, vers la moitié du XIXème siècle, celle du Romantisme, où le goût pour le surnaturel, le mystère et la recherche de l'absolu ont ouvert la voie à une grande production de contes fantastiques avec une grande influence de E.T.A. Hoffmann. Dans la lignée de Hoffmann, Théophile Gautier se révèle, à travers ses comptes fantastiques, comme un écrivain riche en imagination, capable de faire apparaître des discours grandioses ou inquiétants, mais aussi remplis d'émotion. Ses textes fantastiques sont très réprésentatifs et montrent l'évasion romantique dans l'utilisation du rêve, où se dédouble la vie. Ce discours onirique est un outil qu'utilise Gautier afin d'exprimer l'intention de recherche d'un monde idéal poursuivi par les romantiques, où apparaît un « moi » romantique qui se voit incapable de résoudre seul les problèmes liés à la société et qui en conséquence se lance dans l'évasion. Il en était de même avec Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, poète symboliste qui ne s'intégrait pas dans l'ordre capitaliste et cherchait toujours une existence supérieure, loin de la réalité de son époque. Il trouvait cette existence idéale dans la création littéraire. Ses ouvrages montraient ainsi cette recherche grâce à ses thèmes mythiques, fantastiques. Le rêve apparaît aussi chez cet auteur comme un point narratif à mettre en évidence deux possibilités de la narration fantastique : d'un côté, nous pouvons dire que le narrateur était seulement en train de rêver et que rien de cela ne s'est passé (ce qui serait une explication rationnelle pour le fait), d'un autre côté, nous pouvons affirmer que tout cela est réellement arrivé... / Mestre

This dissertation examines the notion of nationhood and the intricacies of identity in Mauritius as depicted in the work of artists from this island. Through the writing of Ananda Devi, Shenaz Patel, Natacha Appanah, Amal Sewtohul, and Carl de Souza, as well as through the works of filmmakers Harikrisna Anenden and David Constantin, I analyze the distinctive ways in which these artists explore the burden of a traumatic past along with their ensuing representations of the present images of the Mauritian people. Their works best encapsulate the paradoxical place that Mauritius holds in the Francophone and Anglophone world, i.e. that it was first a French and then a British colony, which respectively introduced slavery and indentured servants to this island that had no autochthone population. As a result, the question of identity – both individual and national – remains intrinsically linked to the memory of slavery and of indentured servitude/Coolitude, in a country which history prior to colonization has little been explored. Thus far, critical work in Francophone literature has studied these two memories separately. My analysis creates a dialogue between them. This is crucial to the understanding of just how the intersection of slavery and Coolitude, have shaped today’s Mauritian national identity. Each chapter raises a key question on the subject: How does the writing of Devi, along with Anenden’s cinema, both of which are centered on marginalized communities, present a critical framework through which the socio-economic issues of the island can be studied? In what ways does Appanah’s fiction convoke historical events, while problematizing deeply engrained power dynamics? What does it mean for Patel and Constantin to give voice to the subaltern and to speak for/instead of a minority group? Finally, how do the works of these different writers, namely Patel, Appanah, Sewtohul and de Souza, address the complexities and tensions within the multicultural society of Mauritius? My conclusion reflects on the critical role and impact of artistic expression in the creation of a mosaic in which we can better understand the Mauritian nation when this country is at the milestone of 50 years of independence. / 2020-11-27T00:00:00Z

acase@tulane.edu / This study examines the Old French narrative lay from the perspectives of orality, performance, and reception. The Old French narrative lay is a short medieval genre often conflated with romance or with other short forms due to similar themes and/or structure. However, the medieval author had a variety of terms from which to choose; and connections can and should be drawn between texts that self-identify as one type or another. While the twelve lays of Marie de France have come to define the genre, many others do not conform to this standard. This study rejects the accepted notion of a static lay standard modeled on the works of Marie de France and instead seeks to reconstruct the medieval understanding of the genre over time by analyzing a later, non-standard example. Long considered a generic aberration, the lay of Lecheor appears to mock the genre by presenting a tale of courtly ladies who compose a song in praise of the uncourtly cunt. Yet of greater interest is its metatextual commentary on lay composition, performance, and reception, which serves as the framework for this study. Following an introduction to the lay in Chapter One, Chapter Two draws from Orality and Literary Studies to situate the lays in the context of writing as authority in Anglo-Norman Britain. Chapter Three transitions from orality as communication to orality as aesthetic, looking to oral theory and performance studies to explore performances in and of the lay. In Chapter Four, I turn to reception theory to justify the application of Lecheor’s troublesome view of courtly love to other lays and, by extension, romance. Each chapter addresses one or two lays that exemplify or challenge the schema provided by Lecheor. This intertextual analysis of the Old French narrative lay reveals a new “horizon of expectations” closer to that experienced by the contemporary reader and demonstrates that he or she was already aware of the literary concerns that these and other medieval texts continue to pose to modern scholars. In short, this study both reevaluates the genre and closes the perceived gap between medieval and modern receptions of the work. / 1 / Tamara Bentley Caudill

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 300-310). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis--Leipzig. / Cover title. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. i-iii).

Tesis-Madrid. / Bibliography: p. [9]-16.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Catholic University of America, 1940. / "Selected bibliography": p. 191-197.

No description available.

My dissertation uses close readings of four texts dealing with the actress, spanning the naturalist novel (Zola’s Nana, 1880, and Edmond de Goncourt’s La Faustin, 1882), autobiography (Sarah Bernhardt’s Ma double vie, 1907) and autobiographical fiction (Colette’s La Vagabonde, 1910), in order to examine late nineteenth-century representations (and self-representations) of the actress in relation to the discourse of hysteria. I argue that in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century France, pathology and performance came together in the stereotype of the hysterical actress. In the wake of the French Revolution, and the subsequent political upheavals of the nineteenth century along with the emergence of a consumer capitalist society, \(fin-de-si\grave{e}cle\) society was living a moment of particular anxiety. This anxiety found a focal point in the hystericised figure of \(la com\acute{e}dienne\), who came to embody a threatening blurring of gender and class distinctions. Actresses were pathologised in a discursive gesture which sought to identify and contain the threat which they were seen to pose, and which seemed to offer an objective narrative which re-established boundaries and identities. The discourse of hysteria, however, was by no means as secure or monolithic as it might seem. I argue that the discourse of hysteria is underpinned by a fundamental performativity which has the potential to be profoundly subversive. By examining different modalities of response to the phenomenon of the hystericisation of the actress, I show how in both male and female-authored texts the discourse of pathology is undermined and reappropriated in a way which foreshadows twentieth-century feminist theories. / Romance Languages and Literatures